Article 1 definitions 31‑1‑101. Definitions


‑18‑402.  Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 46, § 2



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31‑18‑402.  Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 46, § 2.
31‑18‑403.  Single trip permits; temporary permits for motion picture industry vehicles, tour buses and mobile drilling rigs.
(a)  Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 46, § 2.
(b)  Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 46, § 2.
(c)  Repealed by Laws 1989, ch. 129, § 3.
(d)  Repealed by Laws 1989, ch. 129, § 3.
(e)  Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 46, § 2.
(f)  Repealed by Laws 1989, ch. 129, § 3.
(g)  Repealed by Laws 1989, ch. 129, § 3.
(h)  Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 46, § 2.
(j)  An operator of a mobile drilling rig operated interstate and used in the production of gas, crude petroleum or oil which is constructed as a machine consisting in general of a mast, an engine for power and propulsion, a draw works and a chassis permanently constructed or assembled for the vehicle may obtain a single trip permit from the department in accordance with subsection (a) of this section and W.S. 31‑18‑201(s). Vehicles making an intrastate move shall be registered in Wyoming. Vehicles already registered in Wyoming need only notify the highway patrol when the vehicle is to be moved on a highway. Compliance with this section exempts the operator from all fees and inspections otherwise required by the commission [department] or its agents.
31‑18‑404.  Demonstration permits.
(a)  Repealed By Laws 1997, ch. 154, § 3.
(b)  Repealed by Laws 1997, ch. 154, § 3.
(c)  Repealed By Laws 1997, ch. 154, § 3.
(d)  A vehicle designed primarily for the transportation of property being operated with a load for demonstration purposes shall, in addition to a demo or manufacturer plate, display a demonstration permit indicating under whose authority the vehicle is being operated and the dates of demonstration which shall not exceed ninety-six (96) hours. The permit shall be obtained from the department upon application and payment of the required fee.
31‑18‑405.  Collection of fees; audits.
(a)  The department shall collect all fees payable under this act and shall adopt and enforce rules and regulations to ensure their collection.
(b)  The department may examine and audit the records of all motor carriers to determine compliance with this act. All motor carriers shall keep and maintain records adequate to enable the department to examine and audit the records. The records shall not be destroyed for three (3) years or until the records are examined and audited, whichever occurs first.
31‑18‑406.  Distribution of fees; refunds.
(a)  Fees collected pursuant to W.S. 31‑18‑401(a)(i) for the registration of Wyoming based commercial vehicles or fleets pursuant to this act shall be distributed monthly to the county in which each vehicle or fleet is principally located and for the registration of non‑Wyoming based commercial vehicles or fleets, rental vehicles, utility trailers and rental trucks shall be distributed monthly to the counties in the ratio that the total miles of primary, secondary and interstate highways in each county bears to the total miles of primary, secondary and interstate highways in the state.
(b)  Fees collected pursuant to W.S. 31‑18‑401(a)(i) and subsection (a) of this section shall be distributed by county treasurers in the same proportions and manner as property taxes are distributed.
(c)  All other fees shall be credited to the state highway fund except as otherwise provided.
(d)  Except as otherwise provided no fees shall be refunded unless paid and collected by mistake.
31‑18‑407.  Emergency response fee.
(a)  In addition to any other fees and taxes provided by law, an emergency response fee of two hundred dollars ($200.00) shall apply to each package of radioactive waste transported through this state in accordance with W.S. 37‑14‑103. The department of transportation shall collect this fee based on a permit issued by the department which is not inconsistent with federal law. The department shall promulgate rules on issuing and revoking permits which are not inconsistent with federal law. The department shall promulgate rules on quarterly reporting and payment of fees, retention of records and audit requirements. All emergency response fees shall be deposited in the general fund.
(b)  As used in this section:
(i)  "Radioactive waste" means:
(A)  Highway route controlled quantities of radioactive waste as defined in 49 C.F.R. 173.403(1) as amended as of January 1, 1989; and
(B)  Nuclear waste being transported to the waste isolation pilot plant in New Mexico, to any facility established pursuant to section 135 of the federal "Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982" as amended, 42 U.S.C. 10101 et seq., to any repository licensed for the permanent deep geological disposal of high‑level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, or to any monitored retrievable storage facility established pursuant to section 141 of the federal "Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982" as amended.
(ii)  "Package" means a container plus its contents that are assembled to assure compliance with the minimum federal packaging requirements for radioactive waste.
31‑18‑408.  Provision of sales and use tax information; penalty.
(a)  Any person engaged in the business of selling tangible personal property, at retail, outside of this state, and operating any motor vehicle in this state delivering to the purchaser or the purchaser's agent in this state any goods sold by the vendor shall, upon entering this state, provide necessary information to the department of revenue for the purposes of the collection of any sales or use tax which may be due under the provisions of W.S. 39‑15‑101 through 39‑16‑311. The department shall provide forms furnished by the department of revenue for the operator to provide the necessary information for the department of revenue to collect any use tax due. The department of revenue shall promulgate necessary rules and regulations to implement this provision pursuant to W.S. 39‑11‑102.
(b)  Any person knowingly violating the provisions of this section or any rules promulgated under it shall, in addition to any penalty imposed under W.S. 31‑18‑701 through 31‑18‑707, be liable for a civil penalty of not less than one hundred dollars ($100.00) and not to exceed an amount equal to three (3) times the amount of the sales or use tax due under the provisions of W.S. 39‑15‑101 through 39‑16‑311.
ARTICLE 5

FUEL TAXES


31‑18‑501.  Compliance with tax provisions.
All operators of commercial vehicles shall comply with the provisions of W.S. 39‑17‑101 through 39‑17‑211.
31‑18‑502.  Decal fee; disposition.
An additional fee may be collected by the issuing agency from a licensee for each annual decal issued pursuant to W.S. 39‑17‑202(d) through (g). The fee shall be in an amount determined by the department of transportation to be sufficient to recover reasonable administrative costs of the International Fuel Tax Agreement and the Multistate Highway Transportation Agreement, but not more than ten dollars ($10.00) per annual decal. The fee shall be remitted to the state treasurer who shall credit the multistate highway and fuel tax agreements account created by W.S. 39‑17‑211(e) within the highway fund.
ARTICLE 6

REGULATION OF TRAFFIC ON HIGHWAYS


31‑18‑601.  Requirements generally.
In addition to the requirements contained in chapter 5 of this title, all operators of commercial vehicles shall comply with the requirements contained in this article.
31‑18‑602.  Moving heavy equipment at railroad grade crossings.
(a)  No person shall operate or move any crawler‑type tractor, steam shovel, derrick, roller or any equipment or structure having a normal operating speed of ten (10) or less miles per hour or a vertical body or load clearance of less than one‑half (1/2) inch per foot of the distance between any two (2) adjacent axles or in any event of less than nine (9) inches, measured above the level surface of a roadway, upon or across any tracks at a railroad grade crossing without first complying with this section.
(b)  Notice of the intended crossing shall be given to a station agent of the railroad and a reasonable time shall be given to the railroad to provide proper protection at the crossing.
(c)  Before making the crossing the person operating or moving the vehicle or equipment shall first stop the vehicle or equipment not less than fifteen (15) feet nor more than fifty (50) feet from the nearest rail of the railroad and while so stopped shall listen and look in both directions along the track for any approaching train or other on-track equipment and for signals indicating the approach of a train or other on-track equipment. The vehicle shall not proceed until the crossing can be made safely.
(d)  No crossing shall be made when warning is given by automatic signal, crossing gates or a flagman or otherwise of the immediate approach of a railroad train, other on-track equipment or car. If a flagman is provided by the railroad, movement over the crossing shall be under his direction.
31‑18‑603.  Loads on vehicles.
No vehicle shall be driven or moved on any highway unless the vehicle is so constructed or loaded as to prevent any of its load from dropping, sifting, leaking or otherwise escaping therefrom. This section does not prohibit the necessary spreading of any substance in highway maintenance or construction operations.
31‑18‑604.  Maximum speed limits.
(a)  The operator of a commercial vehicle shall comply with the speed limits as established pursuant to W.S. 31‑5‑301 and, for violations, shall be subject to the penalties as prescribed in W.S. 31‑5‑1201.
(b)  Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 46, § 2.
31‑18‑605.  Stopping requirements for certain vehicles at railroad crossings.
(a)  The driver of any motor vehicle carrying passengers for hire or of any vehicle carrying a cargo or part of a cargo required to be placarded under United States department of transportation regulations, before crossing at grade any track or tracks of a railroad, shall:
(i)  Actuate the vehicle's four‑way hazard flashers prior to stopping at the grade crossing;
(ii)  Stop the vehicle within fifty (50) feet but not less than fifteen (15) feet from the nearest rail of the railroad;
(iii)  While stopped, listen and look in both directions along the track for any approaching train or other on-track equipment and for signals indicating the approach of a train or other on-track equipment and not proceed until he can do so safely;
(iv)  Upon proceeding, cross the tracks without manually shifting gears and only in a gear of the vehicle which does not require manually changing gears while traversing the crossing;
(v)  After crossing the tracks, cancel the four-way hazard flashers; and
(vi)  Comply with all other federal, state or local laws or regulations pertaining to railroad-highway grade crossings.
(b)  This section shall not apply at:
(i)  Any railroad grade crossing at which traffic is controlled by a police officer or flagman;
(ii)  Any railroad grade crossing at which traffic is regulated by a traffic‑control signal;
(iii)  Any railroad grade crossing protected by crossing gates or an alternately flashing light signal intended to give warning of the approach of a railroad train or other on-track equipment;
(iv)  Any railroad grade crossing at which an official traffic‑control device gives notice that the stopping requirement imposed by this section does not apply.
(c)  The department may adopt such regulations as may be necessary describing additional vehicles which must comply with the stopping requirements of this section.
(d)  A driver or employer of a driver who is convicted of violating this section, or an employer who knowingly allows, requires, permits or authorizes a driver to violate this section, shall also be subject to the civil penalties provided by 49 C.F.R. 383.53, as amended as of March 1, 2007.
31‑18‑606.  Metal tires; implements of husbandry.
(a)  No person shall operate or move on any highway any motor vehicle, trailer or semitrailer having any metal tire in contact with the roadway.
(b)  Notwithstanding subsection (a) of this section, it shall be permissible to use implements of husbandry with tires having protuberances which will not injure the highway.
31‑18‑607.  Out-of-service orders.
(a)  The department shall adopt regulations regarding issuance of out-of-service orders for drivers committing violations identified in 49 C.F.R., as amended as of March 1, 2007, or the 2006 North American uniform out-of-service criteria published by the Commercial Vehicle Safety Alliance.
(b)  A driver or employer of a driver convicted of violating an out-of-service order issued to the driver, the employer or a motor carrier, or an employer who knowingly allows, requires, permits or authorizes a driver to violate an out-of-service order issued to the driver, the employer or a motor carrier, shall be subject to the civil penalties specified by 49 C.F.R. 383.53, as amended as of July 5, 2007.
(c)  As used in this section, the term "out-of-service order" means as defined by W.S. 31‑7‑102(a)(xxxii).
ARTICLE 7

PENALTIES AND ENFORCEMENT


31‑18‑701.  Specific crimes and penalties; enforcement.
(a)  Any person who violates any provision of this act or rule and regulation of the department, who fails to comply with any order, decision, rule or regulation of the department or who procures, aids or abets any person in the violation or noncompliance is guilty of a misdemeanor and subject to a fine of not more than seven hundred fifty dollars ($750.00), imprisonment for not more than six (6) months, or both.
(b)  The highway patrol division shall enforce the provisions of this act and all rules, regulations or orders made by virtue of this act.
(c)  The highway patrol division and such other enforcement officers as the department designates are charged with the duty of policing and enforcing the provisions of this act. The enforcement officers have authority to make arrests for violation of any of the provisions of this act. The enforcement officers may require the driver to exhibit the permit issued for the vehicle, to submit to the enforcement officer for inspection any and all bills of lading or other evidences of the character of the lading being transported in the vehicle and require the vehicle to proceed to the nearest department check station or county seat, on the route of the carrier, where the officer may inspect the contents of the vehicle for the purpose of comparing same with bills of lading or other evidences of ownership or of transportation for compensation.
31‑18‑702.  General liability.
Any person operating, driving or moving any commercial vehicle, object or contrivance over a street, highway or bridge is liable for all damages which the street, highway, bridge or appurtenances thereto or other structures in connection therewith, may sustain, as a result of any illegal or negligent operation or as a result of operating, driving or moving any commercial vehicle, object or contrivance in excess of the maximum weight or height specified and prescribed by law although authorized by a special permit issued as provided by law.
31‑18‑703.  Closing or restricting use; failure to observe signs, markers.
Any operator of a commercial vehicle who willfully fails to observe any sign, marker, warning, notice, or direction, placed or given under W.S. 24‑1‑108 is guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof by any court of competent jurisdiction, shall be subject to a fine of not more than one hundred dollars ($100.00) or to imprisonment for a period not to exceed thirty (30) days, or both.
31‑18‑704.  Repealed by Laws 2016, ch. 43, § 2; ch. 114, § 2.
31‑18‑705.  Speed or acceleration contest or exhibition on highways.
(a)  No operator of a commercial vehicle shall engage in any motor vehicle speed or acceleration contest, or exhibition of speed or acceleration on any highway without approval of that use by the governing body in charge of the highway. No person shall aid or abet in any motor vehicle speed or acceleration contest or exhibition on any highway, without approval of that use by the governing body in charge of said highway.
(b)  No operator of a commercial vehicle shall for the purpose of facilitating or aiding or as an incident to any motor vehicle speed or acceleration contest upon a highway, in any manner obstruct or place or assist in placing any barricade or obstruction upon any highway without approval of that use by the governing body in charge of the highway.
(c)  Any person who violates this section shall upon conviction be fined not less than ten dollars ($10.00) nor more than one hundred dollars ($100.00), or by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than ten (10) days or both.
31‑18‑706.  Failure to maintain liability coverage; exceptions.
The requirement to maintain liability coverage pursuant to W.S. 31‑4‑103 does not apply to a commercial vehicle registered or proportionally registered in this and any other jurisdiction provided the vehicle is covered by a vehicle insurance policy complying with the laws of any other jurisdiction in which it is registered.
31‑18‑707.  Nonpayment of fees, taxes, penalties or interest.
All fees under chapter 18 of title 31, diesel fuel taxes, penalty or interest under title 39 or commercial vehicle registration fees under title 31 become delinquent if not paid as provided for by law from the date due. Delinquent diesel fuel taxes, penalties, interest or commercial vehicle registration fees are a lien on all motor vehicles owned or operated in this state by the person liable for payment of the taxes, penalties, interest or fees. If any such taxes, penalties, interest or fees remain delinquent for thirty (30) days or if any vehicle subject to the lien is about to be removed from the state, the department or its authorized enforcement agent may seize and sell the vehicle subject to all existing liens and security interests held by others, at public auction upon notice to the owner and lienholder of record as provided by Rule 4 of the Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure, and upon four (4) weeks notice of the sale in a newspaper published in the counties in which the vehicle is titled and registered. The department may bring suit in any court of competent jurisdiction to collect any delinquent fees or taxes, penalties and interest under this section.
31‑18‑708.  Persons rendering emergency assistance exempt from civil liability.
(a)  Any person who provides assistance or advice without compensation other than reimbursement of out‑of‑pocket expenses in mitigating or attempting to mitigate the effects of an actual or threatened discharge of hazardous materials, or in preventing, cleaning up or disposing of or in attempting to prevent, clean up or dispose of any discharge of hazardous materials, is not liable for any civil damages for acts or omissions in good faith in providing the assistance or advice. This immunity does not apply to acts or omissions constituting gross negligence or willful or wanton misconduct. As used in this subsection:
(i)  "Discharge" includes leakage, seepage or other release;
(ii)  "Hazardous materials" includes all materials and substances which are now or hereafter designated or defined as hazardous by any state or federal law or by the regulations of any state or federal government agency.
ARTICLE 8

SIZE AND WEIGHT LIMITS


31‑18‑801.  Definitions.
(a)  As used in this article:
(i)  "Agricultural operations" means the raising and harvesting of their own crops or livestock in this state by farmers or ranchers, their exchange between farmers or ranchers or the transportation of implements of husbandry to or from farmers or ranchers by persons engaged in the business of selling or repairing such implements;
(ii)  "Axle" means the common axis of rotation of one (1) or more wheels, whether power driven or freely rotating, and whether in one (1) or more segments, and regardless of the number of wheels carried thereon;
(iii)  "Axle group" means an assemblage of two (2) or more consecutive axles considered together in determining their combined load effect on a bridge or pavement structure;
(iv)  "Axle load" means the total load transmitted to the road by an assembly of two (2) or more wheels whose centers are in one (1) transverse vertical plane or may be included between two (2) parallel transverse vertical planes forty (40) inches apart extending across the full width of the vehicle;
(v)  "Axle measurement" means the distance between axles to the nearest foot. When fractional measurement is exactly one‑half (1/2) foot, the next larger whole number shall be used;
(vi)  Repealed By Laws 1998, ch. 46, § 2.
(vii)  "Cargo" means the items or freight to be moved, including items placed on or in a vehicle towed by a vehicle or a vehicle itself;
(viii)  "Connecting mechanism" means an arrangement of parts interconnecting two (2) or more consecutive axles to a vehicle in such a manner as to equalize the load between axles;
(ix)  "Department" means the department of transportation;
(x)  "Director" means the director of the department of transportation;
(xi)  "Dummy axle" means an axle attached independently to a vehicle whose suspensions are not adjustable and do not articulate or substantially equalize the load and are so designed and placed as to indicate the appearance of a normal axle group;
(xii)  "Forest products" means logs, poles, posts, rough lumber, wood chips, sawdust and any other product of the forest which will require further processing;
(xiii)  "Gross weight" means the total weight of a vehicle and vehicle combinations including the weight of any load carried in or on the vehicle and vehicle combinations;
(xiv)  "Height" means the total vertical dimension of any vehicle above the ground surface including any load or load‑holding device thereon;
(xv)  "Highway" means a public way maintained by the department for the purpose of vehicular travel, including rights‑of‑way or other interests in land, embankments, retaining walls, culverts, sluices, drainage structures, bridges, railroad‑highway crossings, tunnels, signs, guardrails and protective structures;
(xvi)  "Interstate or national defense highway" means highways which are designated as part of the interstate system by the transportation commission which are signed and marked accordingly;
(xvii)  "Implement of husbandry" means a vehicle or vehicles manufactured or designed and used exclusively for the conduct of agricultural operations and only incidentally operated on or moved on highways;
(xviii)  "Length" means the total longitudinal dimension of any vehicle or combination of vehicles, including any load or load‑holding device thereon, but excluding any device or appurtenance attached to the front or rear of a semitrailer or trailer whose function is related to the safety of, or efficient operation of the unit or contents. Excluded devices include but are not limited to air hose glad hands, fifth wheel slide plates, dock bumpers, air deflectors and refrigeration units. No excluded devices shall be designed or used for carrying cargo;
(xix)  "Load" means a weight or quantity of anything resting upon something else regarded as its support;
(xx)  "Motor vehicle" means a vehicle which is self‑propelled or propelled by electric power obtained from overhead trolley wires but not operating on rails;
(xxi)  "Permit" means a written authorization to move or operate on a highway a vehicle or vehicle with a load of size or weight exceeding the limits as specified by statute, which are limited by this act and regulations of the department;
(xxii)  "Primary and secondary highways" means highways which are designated as part of the primary or secondary system by the transportation commission which are signed and marked accordingly;
(xxiii)  "Safety device" means any piece of equipment or mechanism, including rear view mirrors, pin pockets not to exceed three (3) inches on each side and other devices designated by the director, attached to a vehicle to assure its safe operation and to assure the safe movement of a load hauled by the vehicle;
(xxiv)  "Semitrailer" means every vehicle of a trailer type not equipped with propelling power so designed for carrying property and used in conjunction with a motor vehicle that some part of its own weight and load rests upon or is carried by another vehicle;
(xxv)  "Single axle" means an assemblage of two (2) or more wheels, whose centers are in one (1) transverse vertical plane or may be included between two (2) parallel transverse vertical planes forty (40) inches apart extending across the full width of the vehicle;
(xxvi)  "Single axle load" means the total load transmitted to the road by a single axle;
(xxvii)  "Single vehicle" means one (1) vehicle or one (1) unit of a combination of vehicles as a truck‑tractor, semitrailer or trailer;
(xxviii)  "Tandem axle" means any two (2) or more consecutive load bearing axles whose centers are more than forty (40) inches but not more than ninety‑six (96) inches apart and articulate from an attachment to the vehicle including a variable load suspension or connecting mechanism designed to distribute the load between axles;
(xxix)  "Tandem axle load" means the total weight transmitted to the road by two (2) or more consecutive axles whose centers may be included between parallel transverse vertical planes spaced more than forty (40) inches and not more than ninety‑six (96) inches apart, extending the full width of the vehicle;
(xxx)  "Trailer" means every vehicle not equipped with propelling power, designed for carrying property and for being drawn by a motor vehicle which carries no part of the weight and load of a trailer on its own wheels;
(xxxi)  "Truck" means a motor vehicle designed, used or maintained primarily for the transportation of property;
(xxxii)  "Truck‑tractor" means a motor vehicle designed and used primarily for drawing other vehicles but not for loads other than a part of the weight of the vehicles and load drawn. For the purpose of this article, a truck‑tractor equipped with a dromedary unit shall be considered a part of the weight of the vehicle and not a load thereon and a truck-tractor and semitrailer engaged in the transportation of automobiles may transport motor vehicles on part of the power unit;
(xxxiii)  "Variable load suspension axle" means an axle that may be adjusted to vary the weight carried by the axle;
(xxxiv)  "Vehicle" means a device in, upon or by which any person or property may be transported or drawn upon a highway, except devices moved by human power or used exclusively upon rails or tracks;
(xxxv)  "Vehicle combination" means any connected assemblage of a motor vehicle and one (1) or more other vehicles;
(xxxvi)  "Width" means the total outside transverse dimension of a vehicle including any load or load-holding devices thereon, but excluding approved safety devices and tire bulge due to load;
(xxxvii)  "Motor home" means a motor vehicle designed, constructed and equipped as a dwelling place, living abode or sleeping place, either permanently or temporarily, but excluding a motor vehicle carrying a camper;
(xxxviii)  "Recreational vehicle" means as defined in W.S. 31‑16‑101(a)(xxiii);
(xxxix)  "Truck camper" means a portable unit constructed to provide temporary living quarters for recreational, travel or camping use, consisting of a roof, floor and sides, designed to be loaded onto and unloaded from the bed of a pickup truck.

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