Article on consolidation process part two


STEP 1: IDENTIFICATION OF GROUP STRUCTURE



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STEP 1: IDENTIFICATION OF GROUP STRUCTURE
IAS 27 defines consolidated financial statements as the financial statements of a group presented as those of a single economic entity A group is made up of a parent and its one or subsidiaries, its associates or any combination of same. A subsidiary is generally an entity an investor has control over its operating and financial policies. On the other hand, IAS 28 defines an associate as an entity over which an investor has significant influence. Bear in mind that control is usually established when the parent owns more than 50% of the equity shares of the investee. Significant influence is established with an ownership interest not below 20%. The existence of significant influence is evidenced in one or more of the following ways i. Representation on the board of directors (or equivalent) of the investee ii. Participation in the policy making process iii. Material transactions between investor and investee iv. Interchange of management personnel v. Provision of essential technical information Extract (a) from the Comprehensive Question Victory Ltd Happy Ltd Comfort Ltd
GH¢
GH¢
GH¢ Equity Ordinary shares (issued at GH¢1)
356,000 25,000 Ordinary shares (issued at GH¢0.50)
20,000 Extract (b) from the Comprehensive Question The following information is relevant i. Victory acquired 6,250 shares of Comfort Ltd in 2005 at a total cost of GH¢12,000. This acquisition gives Victory Ltd significant influence over Comfort Ltd. At the date of acquisition, Comfort Ltd’s retained earnings had a balance of GH¢4,300. The fair values of Comfort Ltd’s assets and liabilities approximated their carrying amounts. ii. On 1 January, 2012, Victory Ltd acquired 32,000 of Happy Ltd’s shares at a total cost of GH¢29,000. At the date of acquisition, Happy Ltd’s retained earnings had a balance of GH¢3,500. The fair values of the assets and liabilities approximated their carrying amounts except fora piece of land with a carrying amount of GH¢2,000 which had a fair value of GH¢2,500. This fair valuation adjustment has not yet been reflected in the separate financial statement of Happy Ltd. Of the 25,000 shares in issue for Comfort Ltd, Victory Ltd acquired 6,250. This acquisition gives the group 25% ownership indicated by (6,250 25,000

× 100). Victory Ltd also acquired 32,000

shares out of 40,000 shares in issue for Happy Ltd. NOTE THE SHARE PRICE. This acquisition gives the group 80% control. The above extract shows how a parent company has gained control over a subsidiary and a significant influence over an associate. For discussions on control, refer to Part One of the series. Instep number 1, it is important to identify two important date i. Date of acquisition. This is defined in IFRS3 (revised, Business combinations, as the day that the parent achieves control, where the parent of the group is the ultimate parent. It is the date from which a subsidiary is consolidated – i.e., when the subsidiary’s net assets, goodwill and NCIs are recognised. From the above extract, the date of acquisition of the subsidiary is January 1, 2012. Yet, Victory obtained significant influence over Comfort Ltd in 2005. ii. Date of the statement of financial position. This is the date on which the consolidated financial statements are being prepared. From the above extract, the date of the statement of financial position is December 31, 2012. JAY That is very insightful. My next question is how are intra-group transactions and balances
accounted for? KO I will use Step 2 to answer your question.

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