Assessing efficient cold chain management practices in the health sector and its impact on service delivery in ghana: a study of komfo anokye teaching hospital, kumasi docx
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- Table 4.2: Reliability Analysis Objective Number of Items Cronbach’s Alpha
| 4.3 Reliability Analysis The research used a questionnaire with a point Likert scale that allowed respondents to rate their answers. This then announces the use of Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient test to assess the scale's reliability and consistency before proceeding with further study. Scales' dependability has been confirmed using the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient test (George and Mallery, 2018, Owusu et al., 2018; Agyekum et al., 2021). According to Santos (1999), Cronbach's Alpha coefficient measures the consistency and reliability of quantitative inputs on a scale ranging from 0 to 1, with 1 being the greatest degree of validity and reliability. A Cronbach Alpha's Coefficient of 0.700 or above is regarded as very dependable, allowing for additional study. The Cronbach's Alpha for the scale used to measure each goal is shown in Table 4.2. Cronbach's Alpha for each goal in the table surpassed 0.70: objective 1 (0.968), objective 2 (0.956), objective a (0.957), objective band objective c (0.880). (0.913). The result shows that additional analysis (descriptive and inferential statistics analysis) maybe performed utilising the established measurement scale for each goal. Table 4.2: Reliability Analysis Objective Number of Items Cronbach’s Alpha Cold Chain Practices 0.968 53 Challenges Objective a Objective b 0.880 Source: Field Survey (2021) 4.4 Cold Chain Practices in the Ghanaian Healthcare Sector The questionnaire survey explored the respondents agreement on the identified cold chain practices in managing the cold chain delivery system at their workplace. The study achieved this by requesting the respondents to rate their level of agreement using a point Likert scale “1= Strongly Disagree 2= Disagree 3= Neutral 4= Agree 5= Strongly Agree. To identify the existing cold chain practice in the Ghanaian healthcare sector, a list of seventeen) cold cahain practices was provided, as shown in Table 4.3. The data gathered was analyzed using descriptive statistics, particularly mean scores and one-sample t-test. Before the descriptive analysis, the reliability of the test scale was assessed using the Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient test, which yielded an alpha value of 0.968, indicating extreme reliability of the scale. The One-Sample T-test was used to establish the statistical significance of the cold chain practices used in the Ghanaian healthcare sector, at a test value of 3.5 and 95% confidence level with a p-value of less than 0.05. Other criteria such as ‘t-value’, degree of freedom (df)’, ‘p-value’, mean difference and upper and lower confidence limits were included in the One sample T-test as shown in Table 4.3 (Ahadzie, 2007; Owusu-Manu et al., 2021). The study adopted a test value of 3.5 (which approximates the scale point of 4) for the One sample t-test, meaning significant. Before the non-parametric test (i.e., the one-sample 54 t-test), preliminary descriptive analyses such as mean scores and standard deviations were conducted to measure the central tendency and the degree of variation on the factors, respectively. The mean scores and standard deviation were used to rank the factors as shown in Table The cold chain practices were mainly ranked according to their mean scores from largest to smallest with the standard deviation values serving as a tiebreaker between factors having the same means score, in which case the one with the lower standard deviation was ranked higher. The ranking is as follows Use of fridge tags or functional thermometers [mean=3.95, SD=0.895, st Presence of emergency power supply mean SD 2nd]; Use of appropriate refrigeration (storage) equipment mean SD rd Use of requisition forms for ordering and reporting mean SD 4th]; Storage of products at required temperatures mean SD 5th]; Supervision and monitoring [mean=3.79; SD 6th]; Adequate storage capacity mean SD 7th]; Possession of policies, procedures and guidelines on cold chain management [mean=3.77; SD=0.913; 8th]; Use of earliest expiry first out (EEFO) principle mean SD=0.931; 9th]; Storing medical products with non-medical products mean SD 10th]; Use of temperature logging charts mean SD 11th]; Use of cold chain inventory book mean SD 12th]; Training of staff in cold chain management [mean=3.73; SD=0.908; 13th]; Presence of backup equipment for emergency mean SD=0.818; 14th]; Timely cold chain equipment maintenance mean SD 15th]; Presence of cold chain management officers mean SD 16th] and Regular cleaning and defrosting of refrigerator ice mean SD 17th]. 55 |