B bábi, Tibor



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Barényi, Béla (Hirtenberg, Austria, 1 March 1907 - Stuttgart, Germany, 28 February 1997) – Engineer, pioneer of automobile safety. He completed his studies at the Viennese Technical School. He designed the famous Volkswagen Beetle passenger car in 1925. However, Porsche was later credited with the invention (1938). Barényi took legal action in 1955, and a German Court and the State Patent Office in Mannheim acknowledged that Barényi had invented the concept and the main components of the Volkswagen Beetle. From 1939 to 1974 he worked for Daimler-Benz, heading the planning department. Among his several inventions was the passive safety idea. Out of his 2500 inventions for the automobile industry, dividing cars into three collision zones was the most significant one (1951). The rigid passenger cell is enclosed by deformable front and rear ends (crumple zones) that absorb the impact of collision. Today, every automobile company in the world manufactures cars based on Barényi's design. Crash tests are also associated with his name. He retired in 1974. Barényi's inventions completely changed the world's automobile production. In recognition of his achievements he was admitted to the Automotive Hall of Fame in 1994. With his ideas he has saved the lives of millions on the roads. – B: 1279, T: 7103.

Barki, Éva Mária (Vienna, 1948 - ) – International lawyer. She was born into a Hungarian family living in Austria. As infant she lost her father and was raised by her mother in the spirit of Hungarian identity. The 1956 Hungarian Revolution and Freedom Fight had a decisive impact on her life. In high school she sometimes debated some of the statements of the history teachers. She read Law at the University of Vienna under the direction of the renowned professors Günther Winkle and Felix Ermacora, who influenced the autonomy negotiations of South Tirol. She has a law-firm in Vienna dealing not only with civil cases but also issues on international law, human rights and national rights. She is President of the Association for the Study of the World Refugee Problem – WAR, and board member of the Internationales Institut für Nationalitätenrecht und Regionalismus – INTEREG, Munich, and is president of the Austrian Human Rights League. Her early activities included dealing with Hungarian refugee issues. She was also observer for Amnesty Internaional on the political trials in Bratislava, Athens and Belgrade. At the time of the changes in the political system in Hungary, she became one of the founding members of the Hungarian Democratic Forum (Magyar Demokrata Fórum – MDF), and was its western spokesperson. Already in the 1980s she represented Transylvanian refugees from Romania. Since that time the sad fate of the 2 million Transylvanian Hungaians/Szeklers in Romania became her favorite theme. The first anti-Ceausescu press-conference in the West took place in her office. She organized the Transylvanian Committee, and as its President, represented the Hungarians in Transylvania at international forums. Due to her activities, the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations, Geneva, condemned Romania for human rights violations. She fought for international recognition of the Romanian Hungarians’ Democratic Alliance (Romániai Magyarok Demokratikus Szövetsége – RMDSZ). During the South-Slavic War, both Slovenia and Croatia asked for her help in the realization of their independence. Dr. Barki continuously keeps her eyes on the situation of Hungarians in Transylvania. In 1994 she was declared by Romanian authorities as an enemy of Romania, spreading a negative image of Romania in the West. There was a time when the Austrian secret police warned her that there was a plot against her life, and received police protection. In addition, she was declared persona non grata in Romania and was twice banned from entering Romania. Later the ban was lifted and she has already been a key speaker in youth camps there. Her international experience will be a great help in the realization of autonomy for Szeklers in Transylvania. She is also a welcome speaker wherever Hungarians live in the world. – B: 1759, T: 7103.→Political Paties in Hungary.

Barkós – An ethnic group living in Erdőhátság and in Borsod, Gömör, Heves and Nógrád counties of Northern Hungary (Felvidék, now Slovakia), inhabiting about fifty villages. They are considered to be ancient inhabitants prior to the Hungarian Settlement of the Carpathian Basin (895-896). Most of their villages were established on cleared woodlands. The origin of their name is unknown, although in written sources they already appear with the name “Barkó” at the beginning of the 1800s. They kept their archaic folk culture until the 20th century due to the isolation of their villages in closed valleys, far removed from the cities. Their speech is somewhat easier to understand than the Palóc dialect, although they share quite a lot of words and a similar pronunciation. Their clothes are as striking as their language. While their women wear long skirts, the men favor short shirts, embroidered peasant cloaks and white sheepskin waistcoats. They are resourceful and manually skilled. Their typical house, called “egyporta”, consists of 3 or 4 houses behind each other, built around a common courtyard. The center of their territory is Ózd. Their best-known villages are Domaháza, Hangony and Szentsimon. – B: 1134, 1020, T: 3240.→Palóc.

Barn – A farm building or shed used for storage. Its Hungarian name is “pajta”. Both ends of the building were used for keeping straw and hay, while the middle part was a working area or used for storing carts. Attractive barns used to be built in Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). Sometimes barns were built next to the stable. – B: 1134. – B: 1137, T: 3240.

Barn Stomper – This is the collective name of various Szekler dances. Usually performed solo by young men. Its pace is lively with fanciful stomping movements. It is practised on the right bank of the River Sebes-Kőrös (now Crişul Repede, Romania) from Élesd (now Aleşd, Románia) to Királyhágó (now Bucea, Romania) in Western Transylvania (Erdély, now all in Romania). – B: 1134, T: 7656.→Szeklers.

Báródság – An area in Western Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania). It is located on the right bank of the River Sebes-Kőrös (now Crişul Repede) from Élesd (now Aleşd) to Királyhágó (now Bucea). Kings of the House of Árpád designated the population of the area to defend the military road through the valley leading to central Transylvania. The people of this region were feudal subjects of the king, their leader having the title of a royal captain. This designation came to an end after 1711. – B: 1134, T: 7656.→Árpád, House of.

Baron – A title from feudal times. The word carries the general meaning of a powerful man. In Low Latin baro means slave or servant. As the feudal system became entrenched in Europe integrating its three essential components (the concepts of land ownership, of hereditary rights and of service), a “baron” became a “man”, on whom a superior relied. He was the superior's man who had taken the oath of allegiance. The feudal system allowed the baron to hold land as a tenant-in-chief of his superior. In Hungary during the 13-15th centuries, church and secular dignitaries were at first known as bannerets, and only later were named barons. From the time of King Mátyás I (Matthias Corvinus) (1458-1490), the more affluent nobles, those who were entitled to a mounted escort, were named barons. Only from the 15th century did the king bestow the title of baron, when it became hereditary. In the period of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy (1867-1918), families with an industrial background, among them many Jews, were elevated to this rank. In Hungary the title was bestowed until 1918. – B: 1192, 0942, T: 7103, 7669.→Mátyás I, King.

Baross, László→Bánkút Wheat.

Baróti, Géza (Szabó) (Déva, 22 August 1914 - Biatorbágy, 2 September 1993) – Writer, journalist. His career started at the newspaper Fejér County Diary (Fejér megyei Napló). Later he worked at the papers Evening (Est), Small Newspaper (Kis Újság) and the Interesting Newspaper (Érdekes Újság). He wrote short stories as well. His writings appeared in the magazines Bridge (Híd) and, the New Times (Új Idők). For decades he was a contributor, then chief contributor to the daily Hungarian Nation (Magyar Nemzet). Beside journalism he was successful as a writer, playwright and critic. His major works include Acacia Way (Akácos út) novel (1936); Honorable House (Tisztességes ház) novel (1943); Chinchilla (Csincsilla) novel (1944); Wolf Inside (Benn a farkas) drama (1953); Spring in Siberia (Tavasz Szibériában) travelogue, with J. Randé, (1968); Ecstasy? The Dramas of Alcohol (Mámor? Az alkohol drámái) reports (1969); Home Stories, Reports (Hazai történetek, riportok), with P. Ruffy and A. Kristóf, (1970). There are more than 100 radio-plays to his credit, including the popular Szabó Family (Szabó család); co-writer and author of 10 scripts for musicals, including No. 77 Bastion Promenade (Bástya sétány 77). He was a recipient of the Ferenc Rózsa Prize (1963), the Golden Pen (1963), the Silver Medal of Labor, and the Sándor Pethő Prize (1992). – B: 0877, 1031, 1257, T: 7103.

Baróti, Lajos (Louis) (Kratochfill) (Barót now Baraolt, Romania, 19 August 1914 - Budapest, 23 December 2005) – Soccer player and coach. He was born into a teacher family in Erdély (Transylvania, now in Romania). At 14 he moved with his family to Szeged, where he lived until 1946. He graduated from the Law School of the University of Szeged in 1940. He attended the School of Physical Training, Budapest in 1947 and 1956. He played soccer with the Szeged Footbal Club team in 1928-1948, at the Győr ETO Footbal Club in 1946-1948. He was member of the winning team of the University World Competition in 1935. He was on the National Team twice between 1939 and 1941, and also played on various other teams (e.g. Vasas, Dózsa, Postás). In 1979 he became coach of the Wacker Innsbruck FC (Fußballclub), and from 1980 to 1982, he was coaching the S. L. Benfica of Lisbon. From 1957 to 1966, and from 1975 to 1978, he was coach of the Hungarian National Team. In 1971 and in 1972 he coached the Peruvian National Team. He retired in 1978, and from then on he was Honorary President of the Hungarian Soccer Association. – B: 0874, 1178, T: 7103.

Baróti Szabó, Dávid (Barót, now Baraolt, Romania, 10 April 1739 - Vért, now Virt, Slovakia, 22 November 1819). – Poet, priest, literary translator. He came from a Szekler (Transylvanian Hungarian) family of the lesser nobility. In 1757 he entered the Jesuit Order at Székelyudvarhely (now Odorheui Secuiesc, Romania) and studied and taught in a number of places until his ordination in 1770 in Kassa (now Košice, Slovakia). In 1770-1771 he taught high school in Nagyvárad (now Oradea, Romania). He spent his third probationary pastoral year at Besztercebánya (now Banská Bystrica, Slovakia) (1772-1773). After the dissolution of the Jesuit Order he taught in Komárom from 1773, and in Kassa from 1777 to 1799. Together with Ferenc (Francis) Kazinczy and János (John) Batsányi, he edited the first Hungarian-language literary periodical Magyar Museum from 1788. He retired in 1799 and lived in his home of his student days at Virt. He was one of the poets of the nationality movement of the lesser nobility, the first to introduce Greco-Roman metrics in Hungarian poetry. He enriched the Hungarian language with words from the various dialects, while introducing other innovations. He was involved in a debate over the so-called “prosody fight” with József (Joseph) Rajnis and Miklós (Nicholas) Révai. His works include B. Sz. D. poetical works (B. Sz. D költeményes munkáji) (1787) and Infant Dictionary (Kisded szótár) (1784, 1792). He translated Vergil’s Aeneas (Virgilius Éneisse) (1810, 1813). There is a Dávid Baróti Szabó Memorial Committee in Transylvania, and a Hungarian school at his birthplace at Barót. A Hungarian School at Székelyudvarhely (now Odorheiu Secuiesc, Romania) bears his name, and a memorial house in Komárom is dedicated to him. – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7456.→Batsányi, János, Kazinczy, Ferenc.

Bársony, Rózsi (Róza Sonnenschein) (Budapest, 14 March 1909 - Vienna, 28 March 1977) – Actress. She already scored some success as a child actress; later she attended Szidi Rákosi’s School of Dramatic Arts, Budapest. From 1925 to 1931 she was member of the King’s Theater (Király Színház), Budapest. She began her career in the theater choir, later getting various smaller roles. In 1929 she also appeared in the Magyar Theater (Magyar Színház). From 1932, together with her husband Oscar Dénes, she went on a tour of Europe and America, where they popularized Hungarian operettas; they were particularly successful as Daisy Parker in Pál Ábrahám’s Ball at the Savoy (Bál a Savoyban). She appeared as an actress at the Operetta Theater (Operett Színház), Budapest, in 1934, in the Magyar Theater in 1935, again in the Operetta Theater in 1936, at the King’s Theater during 1936-1937, and at the Andrássy Boulevard Theater (Andrássy úti Színház), Budapest, in 1938. Due to the anti-Semitic measures, she was unable to appear as an actress during World War II. After 1945 she did not appear much as an actress. In 1948 she left Hungary and lived in Vienna. In the 1960s she often played in Hungary as well, appearing mainly on television and in open-air variety shows. She excelled in soubrette primadonna roles, winning the hearts of the audience with her humor, attractive singing voice, and virtuosic dancing ability. Her main roles included Bözsi in B. Zerkovitz’s My Violin Shattered (Eltörött a hegedűm); Icike in P. Ábrahám’s Viktória; Zizi in L. Lajtai’s The Clever Mom (Az okos mama); Stefi in A. Szirmai’s Alexandra; Kató in M. Eisemann’s I and My Younger Brother (Én és a kisöcsém), and Gingi in P. Ábrahám’s 3:1 for Love (3:1 a szerelem javára). – B: 1445, 1427, T: 7456.→Rákosi, Szidi; Ábrahám, Pál; Lajtai, Lajos; Szirmai, Alberet; Eisemann, Mihály.

Barta, Gyula (Julius) (Párkány, now Šturovo, Slovakia, 23 November 1922 - Pozsony, now Bratislava, 11 September 2008) – Painter. He received his high school education in Érsekújvár (now Nove Zamky, Slovakia) and in Dunaszerdahely (now Dunajska Streda, Slovakia). From 1949 to 1951 he studied at the Tibor Gallé School of Art, Budapest; then became a student of the Slovakian College of Fine Arts, Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia) and completed his studies under J. Mudroch in 1952. Thereafter he was a freelance artist in Pozsony. In the 1960s his landscapes were characterized by abstract perception: buildings and scenery merge with simplified forms and color compositions. In the 1980s he returned to natural representation of landscapes along the River Danube. He created over a hundred murals, mostly with fellow artists Károly (Charles) Drexler and Sándor (Alexander) Szabó. His one-man exhibitions include one in Pozsony at the University Library jointly held with K. Drexler (1955), another at the Majernik Gallery in Pozsony (1960). He also had an exhibit at the Pryzrnat Gallery of Krakow, Poland (1976) as well as joint exhibitions with S. Szabó in the Dunamenti Museum of Komárom, and the Town Gallery of Pozsony (1977). In 1982 his Jubilee exhibition was at the Novomesky Hall, pictures and sketches exhibition at the Bazovsky Gallery of Trencsén (now Trencin, Slovakia). From 1952-1990 he had altogether about 50 exhibitions at home and abroad. His murals appear along with the work of others in Párkány, on the wall of the Mess Hall of the town’s paper mill (1969). Metamorphosis, prepared from stained glass, can be seen in Rozsnyó (now Rožňava, Slovakia). He won the Majernik Prize of the Slovakian Association for Fine Arts (1975), and became Artist of Merit (1989). – B: 1083, 1890, T: 7456.→Szabó, Sándor.

Bartalus, Ilona (Helen) (Kőröstarcsa, 11 September 1940 - ) Music pedagogue, choir conductor. She graduated from the Secondary Musical Training School of Debrecen (1958), and from the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy in Budapest (1963). Between 1964 and 1976, she taught and was choirmaster at the Lorántffy Secondary Musical Training School in Budapest. Between 1966 and 1984, she acted as instructor for foreign students. In 1973-1974, she taught post-graduate courses at the Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest; then became instructor at the Béla Bartók Music School teaching tonic solfège and music theory. In 1994 she became music director of Hungarian Television. From 1974 to 1978 she was visiting professor at the University of Western Ontario (London); in 1985-1986 at the Wilfrid Laurier University of Waterloo (Ontario), and in 1986-1987 at the Victoria Conservatory of Music (British Columbia), where she also taught tonic solfège and music theory. She also taught the Kodály-method of teaching music in Japan, Australia, Bulgaria, and in several Central European countries. She was one of the pioneers who introduced the Kodály method abroad. Between 1966 and 1982, at the request of the Hungarian Duna TV, she made 51 music films. In 1980 she also published a songbook: Sing, silverbirch, sing: a Collection of Canadian Folksongs with Analysis. In 1999, she was awarded the Small Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary. – B&T: 7617.→Kodály Method.

Bartalus, István (Stephen) (Bálványosváralja, now Unguras, Romania, 23 November 1821 - Budapest, 9 February 1899) – Folk music researcher, music historian, music critic in Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania), where he also studied Law, Philosophy, Theology and Music. He was the music tutor at the Wesselényi Castle. From 1848 he was the best-known music educator in Kolozsvár. He went to Budapest in 1851 as a concert performer, and then worked as an educator/instructor in a preparatory school. His career as a composer began in 1858. During the 1860s he conducted historical music research in libraries in Hungary and Austria and he carried out significant folk music research from 1870. In 1873 he started publishing the Universal Collection of Hungarian Folk Songs (Magyar Népdalok Egyetemes Gyüjteménye). In the last two decades of his life he published studies on Hungarian and world music history. His activities in the history of Hungarian musicology are of fundamental importance as are his folk music research activities. – B: 0883, 1257, T: 7684.

Bártfa Collection – A music collection in the library of the choir of St Egyed Church of Bártfa (now Bardejov, Slovakia). It consists of 16th-17th century manuscripts and printed musical compositions, phrase books and organ tabulators. The collection was acquired by the National Museum, Budapest in 1916. The oldest volumes of the manuscript works are in volumes 22 and 23, dating from about 1550, containing approximately 200 works each. Among the 19 printed works, 11 have manuscript additions from the end of the 16th century. – B: 1197, T: 7666.

Bartha, Antal (Anthony) (Budapest, 3 April 1927 - Budapest, 13 December 1999) – Historian. As an orphan he lived and studied at the high school of a Reformed College. In 1946 he was sent to study at Oxford University, England. During 1947 he studied at the University of Budapest, and in 1948-1949 furthered his studies at the Department of History at the University of Kazan (then Soviet Union, now the Russian Federation). In 1950-1957 he worked in the Medieval Section of the Hungarian National Museum under Erik (Eric) Molnár, while in 1955 he participated in a research expedition to Mongolia. From 1958 to 1976 he worked at the Institute of History of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; and while there, he completed his MSc thesis in 1964. He obtained his Ph.D. in 1975. From 1976 until his retirement in 1988 he was with the Ethnographic Research Section of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. In 1979 he was appointed Professor at the Department of Historical Auxiliary Sciences of the University of Budapest. His works include The Hungarian Community in the 9th-10th Centuries (A IX-X századi magyar társadalom) (1968); Community and Economy in Hungarian Ancient Historical Period (Társadalom és gazdaság a magyar őstörténetben) with A. Bartha, K. Czeglédy, A. Róna-Tas eds. (1977); Studies on Ancient Hungarian History (Magyar Őstörténeti Tanulmányok), and Ancient History of the Hungarian People (A magyar nép őstörténete) (1984). – B: 0969, T: 7456.→Czeglédy, Károly.

Bartha, Tibor (Magyarkapud, 13 July 1912 - Budapest, 4 July 1995) – Bishop of the Reformed Church, writer, politician. He studied Theology at the Reformed Theological Academy, Debrecen (1930-1934), then in Halle, Marburg, and Basel (1934-1936). He earned a Doctorate in Theology from the University of Debrecen in 1938. He was Assistant Minister in Hajdúhadháza, Sáp, Debrecen and Csaholc (1934-1941). He was a teacher of religion in Munkács (now Mukacheve, Ukraine) (1941-1945), as well as minister in the Ministerial Retreat Home of Berekfürdő (1949-1951), and in the Árpád Square Church, Debrecen (1951-1957). Meanwhile, he was a professor at the Reformed Theological Academy, Debrecen, and Assistant to Bishop János (John) Péter of Debrecen. He was Minister of the Great Church, Debrecen (1958-1986) and became Bishop of the Transtibiscan Church District from 1958 until his resignation in 1986; President of the Reformed General Synod (1962-1983); President of the Ecumenical Council of the Hungarian Churches (1959); Member of Parliament (1958), Member of the Presidential Council of the People’s Republic of Hungary. He was in charge of the Reformed Church during most of the Communist era. He was the founding father of the Theology of Service (A szolgálat teológiája), the official Theology of the Church. It was developed by a group of theologians from the Narrow Way Theology (A keskeny út teológiája) of Bishop Albert (Albert) Bereczky. His writings include The Word of God and Our Sermons (Az Isten igéje és igehirdetésünk) (1938) and Gospel, Church, People, vols. i-ii (Ige, Egyház, Nép, I-II) (1972). A great number of his articles appeared in Hungary and abroad. He received an Honorary Doctorate from the Lutheran Theological Academy, Budapest (1972) and from the Protestant Theological Institute, Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania) (1974). He was a recipient of a number of distinguished medals, among them the Labor Order of Merit Golden Class, the Banner-Order with Rubies of the People’s Republic of Hungary, and the Order of St Vladimir. – B: 0910, T: 7103.→Bereczky, Albert; Péter, János; Reformed Church in Hungary.

Bartholomäus Pannonius (Buda, circa 1400 - after 1522) – Humanist writer, poet. He studied at the University of Vienna, where he was also magister. He returned to Buda in 1517. He spent some time in Rome, then returned to Hungary again and settled down in Körmöcbánya (now Kremnica, Slovakia). He joined the followers of Martin Luther. He published two humanistic comedies Comedia Gryllus and Vigilantiae et Torporis Virtute arbitra certamen sometime after 1515. – B: 1152, T: 7456.

Bartis, Ferenc (Francis) (Gyergyószárhegyes, now Lăzarea, Transylvania, Erdély, now in Romania, 4 July 1936 - Budapest, 9 June 2006) – Writer, poet, politician. He completed his studies at the Teachers’ Training College at Marosvásárhely (now Targu-Mures, Romania) (1968) and at the Stefan Georghiu Academy, Bucharest (1975). He was Editor of the Village People (Falvak Népe) Hargita, the New Life (Új Élet), and other newspapers. He was arrested five times and sentenced to prison terms for his anti-dictatorial stand and activities. In 1954 he organized the Pan-Hungarian Association (Összmagyar Testület). He wrote for a long time under the pseudonym Bridge Builders (Hídverők). Altogether he spent ten years in Romanian prisons. At the time of his release he was deaf in one ear and had nineteen broken bones. Stripped of Romanian citizenship in 1984, he moved to Budapest. In 1985 he organized the Transylvanian Peoples’ Democratic Resistance Movement (Erdélyi Népi Demokratikus Ellenállási Mozgalom). It is active in 33 countries with 31 departments under the name of Pan-Hungarian Association (Összmagyar Testület). He wrote 39 books, among them Stubborn Love (Konok szeretet) poems (1970); Cruel Beauty (Kegyetlen szépség) poems (1975); Provision for the Arrivers (Útravaló érkezőknek), poems (1989), The World’s Soul was Stolen (Ellopták a világ lelkét) poems (1988); You Should want to Live in Freedom! (Akarjatok élni szabadon!), poems (1999), and I Have Adopted the Earth - Compass for Hellwalkers (Örökbe fogadtam a Földet – iránytű pokoljáróknak), poems (2001). He wrote plays and prose, such as Stones and Grassblades (Kövek és fűszálak) (1980); Apotheosis of the Survivor (A túlélő megdicsőülése) (1996), and some 3000 articles, studies and essays in domestic and foreign publications. He appeared at several international forums and fought for the rights of Hungarian and other minorities in Transylvania (Romania), and for the poor and oppressed of the world. His life-story was twice made into film: Bridge Builders (Hídverők) and Compass for Hellwalkers (Iránytű pokoljáróknak). He lectured as guest speaker at many places, and received honorary citizenship of the City of Budapest and Gyergyó. He is a recipient of 33 awards, among them the Officer’s Cross of Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary. – B: 0874, T: 7103.


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