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- Kodály, Zoltán; Dohnányi, Ernő; Lajtha, László. Bartók, de Málnás, György Jr.
- Böhm, Károly; Ravasz, László. Bartók, György
- Bartók Béla; Komlós, Péter . Basilides, Mária
- Bartók, Béla; Kodály, Zoltán; Tiszay, Magda. Basilides, Zoltán
- Bulányi, György S.P.; Catholic Church in Hungary.
- Basta, Giorgio. Basta, Giorgio
- Basta, Cart of; Bocskai, Prince István; Báthory, Count Zsigmond; Báthory, Prince András. Básti, Juli
- Major, Tam á s. Básti, Lajos
- Báthory, Prince István; Báthory, Prince Zsigmond. Báthory, Prince Gábor
B  artók, Béla (Nagyszentmiklós, Transylvania, now Sinnicolau Mare, Romania, 25 March 1881 - New York, NY, USA, 26 September 1945) – Composer, concert pianist and musicologist. His musical interests and talents were already evident in childhood. The young Bartók’s first compositions, minor dances and a piano piece, called The Flow of the Danube (A Duna folyása) appeared in Nagyszőllős (now Vinohradiv, Ukraine). He first performed in public at a school festivity in 1892. At the beginning of 1894 his family moved to Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia). This greatly contributed to his musical development, since musical life among the Hungarian country towns was the liveliest there. By the age of 18 he knew well the musical literature of the period from Bach to Brahms. In Pozsony he became acquainted with Ernő (Ernest) Dohnányi, four years his senior, on whose advice he enrolled not at the Conservatory of close-by Vienna, but in the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest. The great experiences of the college years supplied provisions for his whole life and created the awakening of his nationalistic and social thinking. The road to nationalism for Bartók pointed in the direction of social development and European culture. One of his early compositions is the Kossuth Symphony, written in 1903.
The years 1905-1906 brought a turning point in the career of the artist, as his attention turned toward folk music. With the help of Zoltán Kodály, he began a systematic collection of folk songs. Within a decade he had traveled through the most diverse parts of Hungary, especially Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania) and soon extended his activities to the musical culture of other peoples as well. During a three-year period he did research work on several occasions in the Slovak speaking regions; and until World War I also in Romania. Relying on folk music sources, together with Kodály, he created a new Hungarian musical style. However, their work was not looked upon favorably. It was treated with indifference and even hostility. The decade following World War I was spent on a series of concert tours. He gave concerts in Germany, England, France, Holland and Italy. Later he traveled to the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1936, at the invitation of the Turkish Government, he went on a folk music collecting tour in southern Anatolia. He was recognized the world over, and respected as a performer and composer. In Hungary official opinion of him slowly changed in his favor. For 27 years he was professor at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music in Budapest, the position he left in 1934. Finally in 1940, he and his second wife, Ditta Pásztory, left for the United States for political reasons. Bartók, one of the outstanding Hungarian musicians of the 20th century, spent his last years in New York. He died on 16 September 1945. His funeral was held in New York’s Fern Cliff Cemetery. On 22 June 1988 his remains were exhumed and after an official farewell in New York, the casket was put on the ocean liner Queen Elizabeth II, shipped to Great Britain, and then taken to Hungary. There were Bartók memorial celebrations in Southampton and later in Cherbourg, France. Concerts and exhibitions celebrated the accomplishments of the great Hungarian composer for ten days in France. Among his greatest works are the three Piano Conceretos (1926, 1931, 1945); Sonata for Two Pianos and Percussion (1937); the two Violin Concertos (1907, 1938); the Sonata for Solo Violin, written for Yehudi Menuhin (1944); the six great String Quartets; the one-act ballet The Wooden Prince (1914-1916); the pantomime-ballet The Miraculous Mandarin (1919); the one-act opera Bluebeard’s Castle (1911); Music for Strings, Percussion and Celeste (1936); Divertimento for Strings and Orchestra (1939), and Concerto for Orchestra (1943). – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7684.→Kodály, Zoltán; Dohnányi, Ernő; Lajtha, László. Bartók, de Málnás, György Jr. (George Jr.) (Málnási) (Nagyenyed now Aiud, Romania, 3 August 1882 - Budapest, 26 November 1970) – Philosopher. He came from a Szekler lesser noble family; his father was Reformed Bishop György (George) Bartók. Bartók Jr. was educated at his birthplace and at Szászváros (now Orastie, Romania). Between 1900 and 1905 he studied Hungarian and German Language and Literature at the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Kolozsvár (now Cluj-Napoca, Romania). At the same time he was a divinity student at the Reformed Theological Academy. He continued his Philosophy studies in Leipzig, Berlin and Heidelberg, Germany (1905-1906). Returning home he acquired a Ph.D. in Philosophy (1906) and became a lecturer in Theology (1908). At the beginning of his career he taught at a high school. In September 1909 he was appointed professor at the Reformed Theological Academy, Kolozsvár where he headed the New Testament Department until 1912. He also taught at the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Kolozsvár until 1917, when he was appointed full professor. At the time of the Versailles-Trianon Peace Treaty (1920) he stayed on in Kolozsvár. In the summer of 1921 he joined his colleagues in exile when the University of Kolozsvár moved its education program to Szeged. He led the Department of Philosophy at the University of Szeged for nearly twenty years. In 1940, the Northern Transylvania was returned to Hungary by the Second Vienna Award, together with the University, György Bartók returned to Kolozsvár, where he was Rector of the University in 1940-1941. In the fall of 1944, when the Soviet and Romanian armies reoccupied Northern Transylvania, he had to escape from Kolozsvár. He became member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences (corresponding in 1927, ordinary in 1945). In spite of getting pensioned off the same year (1945), he still gave lectures at the Reformed Theological Academy and at the University of Economics in Budapest, though relegated to the background. After World War II he was stripped of his membership at the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, and it was restored only after 1990. He died almost forgotten after a long-lasting serious illness. He was known as a follower of Károly (Charles) Böhm (1846-1911); but his theory was different from Böhm’s philosophy in principal and essential questions. His works on the history of philosophy are Kant’s Ethics and the Moral Philosophy of German Idealism (Kant etikája és a német idealizmus erkölcsbölcselete) (Budapest, 1930); The History of Moral Conception of Value vol. I (Az erkölcsi értékeszme története I) (1926, vol. ii 1935); The History of Greek Philosophy (A görög filozófia története) (Den Hauge, 2002); The History of Philosophy of the Middle and Modern Ages (A középkori és az újkori filozófia története (Budapest, 1935), and Monographs: Kant (Kolozsvár-Torda, 1925) and Károly Böhm (Budapest, 1928). His first important theoretical work was The Philosophy of Moral Value (Az erkölcsi érték philosophiája) (1911). In this he tried to reconcile Kant’s and Böhm’s conceptions. This attempt made him consider the views on the aims, tasks and methods of philosophy and develop a new standpoint and program for himself in The Essence of Philosophy (A filozófia lényege), (Szeged, 1924), then in Man and Life and in The Outlines of Philosophical Anthropology (Ember és élet. A bölcseleti antropológia alapvonalai) (Budapest, 1939). In Bartók’s concept the history of philosophy and spiritual philosophy are inseparable. Bartók drew up the anthropological idea of Man in the name of human thoughts in their entirety and so he prepared the way for his own system. Only the first manuscript volume of his system is known: Imagery and Knowledge (Képalkotás és ismeret) for his text might have been lost in the turmoil of the war. – B: 1253, T: 7689.→Böhm, Károly; Ravasz, László. Bartók, György (George) (Málnás, Transylvania, now Malnas, Romania, 27 April 1845 - Kolozsvár, now Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 19 December 1907) – Bishop of the Reformed Church in Transylvania, (Erdély, now in Romania). He attended elementary school in his birthplace; then studied at Sepsiszentgyörgy (now Sfintu Gheorge, Romania) and Nagyegyed (now Aiud, Romania), where he taught after finishing his theological studies. In 1872 he registered at the University of Tübingen, Germany and earned a Ph.D. in Philosophy in 1874. He was the Bishop’s secretary in Kolozsvár and was Minister first in Nagyenyed in 1876, then in Szászváros (now Orastie, Romania) in 1893. He taught at the Theological School of Nagyenyed during 1889-1893 and 1895-1896. He was elected Bishop of the Transylvanian Reformed Diocese (Erdélyi Református Egyházkerület) in 1899, and as Minister of the Congregation of Kolozsvár in 1900. He was a member of the Hungarian Protestant Literary Society (Magyar Protestans Irodalmi Társaság), and edited the Church and School Review (Egyházi és Iskolai Szemle) (1876-1883). He wrote numerous articles and essays. – B: 0931, T: 7103. Bartók String Quartet – Hungarian musical ensemble that is one of the world’s most renowned strimg quartets. It was founded in 1957 as the Komlós Quartet by graduates of the Franz Liszt Academy of Music of Budapest, headed by Péter Komlós as first violin. In 1962, the group changed its name to the Bartók String Quartet. Their international career began with a first prize at the 1964 String Quartet Competition in Liège, Belgium. In 1970, on Human Rights Day in New York, the Quartet participated in the Gala Concert in the United Nations’ General Assembly Hall. In 1973, the Quartet gave three concerts at the opening festival of the new Sydney Opera House. Thereafter they performed at festivals all over the world. The six Bartók String Quartets, recorded for the French Erato (EMI) Label were honored by Italian and West German critics with the Grand Prix du Disc. They contributed a large number of recordings for the Hungaroton and Erato Labels of the works of Haydn, Schubert, Mozart, Brahms, Dvorak, Debussy, as well as Beethoven complete String Quartets. The Quartet, in the opinion of the Financial Times' critic, is ranked among the top 6 best ensembles of the world. They received numerous national and international awards. – B: 1031, 2042, T: 7617.→Bartók Béla; Komlós, Péter. Basilides, Mária (Maria) (Jolsva, now Jelsava, Slovakia, 11 November 1886 - Budapest, 26 September 1946) – Opera singer (alto). She studied at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music of Budapest. She was contracted by the People’s Opera (Népopera) in 1911. In 1915 she was admitted to the Royal Hungarian Opera House on a scholarship and was made a life member there in 1934. She remained active until her death. She was an outstanding Lieder singer (Schubert and Mahler), as well as oratorio singer (Bach). From 1923 onward she regularly performed in the great music centers of Europe. She was one of the greatest vocal artists of the period, especially outstanding in the operas of Gluck, Handel and Wagner, and an excellent interpreter of the art songs of Béla Bartók and Zoltán Kodály. – B: 0883, 1031, 1445, T: 7617.→Bartók, Béla; Kodály, Zoltán; Tiszay, Magda. Basilides, Zoltán (Vágújhely, now Nové Masto nad Vádom, Slovakia, 26 March 1918 - Budapest, 29 September 1988) – Actor. He studied opera at the Ferenc (Franz) Liszt Academy of Music, Budapest. In 1949 he was member of the Theater Company (Színház Társulat), Debrecen. From 1951 he was with the Madách Theater (Madách Színház), Budapest. His robust stature and basso profundo voice rendered him suitable for representing men of great strength. His lyrical inclination and acerbic sense of humor were most effective in portraying extreme and controversial characters. Some of his more significant roles were Zemlianyka in Gogol’s The Inspector General (A Revizor); Lopakhin in Chechov’s Cherry Orchard (Cseresznyéskert); Marco in Miller’s A View from the Bridge (Pillantás a hídról); Ghost in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. He also acted in films such as Student Gábor (Gábor diák) (1955); Captain of Tenkes (A Tenkes kapitánya) (1963), and Yellow Rose (Sárga rózsa) (1969). – B: 0871, 1160, T: 7684. Basis Communities – A movement and network of small communities within the Roman Catholic Church. Their aim is the institutional renewal of the Church. The leaders are mostly lay people, who organize church fellowships of members who live their faith, believe in human dignity and have a sense of vocation. Regular meetings, joint prayers, as well as social, charitable and evangelizing activities characterize their communities. Their basic units are small committed groups. They have no hierarchy. The leaders, priests and lay people of both sexes function on an equal basis. The organization is decentralized, the individual groups enjoy a high degree of independence and members can transfer from one group to another and are open to outsiders. The most important Basis groups are the Regnum Marianum, the Bush Movement (Bokor Mozgalom), Charismatic Catholics, Focolare (hearth), Let us live the Word of God movements, and the Taize groups. The Bush Movement started its activities after World War II. Its founder is György (George) Bulányi, a Hungarian Piarist priest, who was condemned to an eight-year prison term in Hungary on the charge of activities dangerous to the State. He differed with church authorities on theological and disciplinary issues. On many issues he took a stand different from that of the Vatican and consequently the Bishops’ Conference suspended his public activities in 1982. The Bush Community called attention to itself by fighting for advocating alternative military service. Many of its members were sent to prison for refusing military service. They represent love of humanity and refusal of violence. Pope Paul VI approved of the Basis Communities in 1975 by saying that they strengthen Christianity in secularized societies. – B: 1042, T: 7390.→Bulányi, György S.P.; Catholic Church in Hungary. Basta, Cart of – During the rule of General Giorgio Basta (1599-1605), the ravages of Habsburg rule brought such destitution to the common people of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania) that in place of their confiscated animals they harnessed themselves to the cart, thus became known as “the cart of Basta”. – B: 0942, T: 7668.→Basta, Giorgio. Basta, Giorgio (Ulpiano, Italy, 1544 - Vienna, 26 August 1607) – Soldier of Albanian descent. Rose from foot soldier to the rank of general. After fighting in almost all the battlefronts of Europe, he was stationed in Hungary in 1597. Following the death of András (Andrew) Báthory, he governed the principality of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania) together with Voivode Mihály (Michael of Wallachia). At Goroszló in 1601, he defeated Zsigmond (Sigismund) Báthory, who wanted to regain his throne; then he ordered the assassination of Voivode Mihály (Michael of Wallachia). In the name of Emperor Rudolf of Austria, he ruled with full power and exercised a reign of terror in the devastated Principality. He was rewarded with the rank of field marshal and the title of Count. He won a battle against István (Stephen) Bocskai at Osgyán; but was forced by the Hajdú (Hayduck) units to retreat to Eperjes (now Prešov, Slovakia). He escaped from there to Vienna in the spring of 1605 with his reduced army. Hungarian and Romanian historians alike portray Basta as a treacherous, licentious and violent man, motivated by ardent hatred of Hungarians. During his rule, Transylvania descended into chaos created by his army of mercenaries and bandits. During his reign of terror a third of Transylvania’s population was lost, including most of the nobility. After his retirement, Basta wrote several military manuals. – B: 0883, 1031, T: 7687, 7103.→Basta, Cart of; Bocskai, Prince István; Báthory, Count Zsigmond; Báthory, Prince András. Básti, Juli (Julie) (10 August 1957 - ) – Actress. She graduated from the Academy of Dramatic Art in 1980. Among her teachers were Zsuzsa (Susan) Simon and Tamás (Thomas) Major. She was member of the Gergely Csíky Theater (Csíky Gergely Színház) of Kaposvár and of the National Theater (Nemzeti Színház), Budapest (1979). From 1984 she acted at the Katona József Theater (Katona József Színház), Kecskemét. She appeared in most of the classical Hungarian as well as foreign theatrical leading roles, more than 30 plays, among them as Helena in Shakespeare’s A Midsummer-Night’s Dream (Szenivánéji álom), Lady Anne in Richard III, Ophelia in Hamlet; Masa in Chechov’s Three Sisters (A három nővér); Ranzevszkaja in The Cherry Orchard (A Cseresznyéskert); Beatrice in Goldini’s Servant of Two Masters (Két úr szolgája); Nelli in Örkény’s Key-seekers (Kulcskeresők); Elmira in Molière’s Tartuffe, and Jenny in Brecht’s The Beggar’s Opera (Koldusopera). She appeared in more than 23 feature films, among them Split Ceiling (Kettévált mennyzet); Lost Illusions (Elveszett illúziók); The Red Countess (A vörös grófnő); Miss Arizona; Stalin’s Fiancé (Sztalin menyasszonya), and Glass Tiger (Üvegtigris). She is a recipient of the Best Female Role Prize, San Remo (1982), Moscow (1985), the Mari Jászai Prize (1985), the Film Critics’ Awards the Theater Critics Award (1980, 1983, 1986, 1990, 1992), the Erzsébet Prize (1992, 1994), the Déryné Prize and the Kossuth Prize (1993), Member of the Society of Immortals (2005), and the Officer Cross of Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (2009). – B: 0871, 1439, 1445, T: 7617.→Major, Tamás. Básti, Lajos (Louis) (Berger) (Keszthely, 17 November 1911 - Budapest, 1 June 1977) – Actor. He received his diploma at the Academy of Dramatic Arts, Budapest in 1935. Until 1937 he was member of the Inner City Theater (Belvárosi Színház), Budapest. He became noticed in the role of Dunois in Shaw’s St. Joan. Between 1937-1939 he had important roles at the Comedy Theater (Vígszínház), Budapest, in the plays of Maugham, Hunyady, Molnár, O’Neill, Bókay and Deval. Afterwards he appeared at the Hungarian Theater (Magyar Színház) in Huszka’s Tokay Wine (Tokaji aszú) and in János Vaszary’s The Devil is Not Sleeping (Az Ördög nem alszik). In 1945 he was contracted by the Artist’s Theater (Művész Színház). He played the SS officer in Steinbeck’s The Moon is Down (A Hold), and the Actor in Molnár’s Prologue to King Lear (Előjáték Lear Királyhoz). He played Ádám in Madách’s The Tragedy of Man (Az ember tragédiája), and the title role in Katona’s Bánk bán. Some of his important roles were Almaviva in Beaumarchais’ Marriage of Figaro (Figaró házassága); Armand Duval in Dumas’ The Lady of the Camelias (La Dame aux Camélias – Kaméliás hölgy); Menenius Agrippa in Shakespeare-Brecht’s Coriolanus; Chancellor Ferdinand in Schiller’s Love and Intrigue (Ármány és szerelem); Senator in Williams’ Sweet Bird of Youth (Az ifjúság édes madara), and Edgar in Strindberg’s The Dance of Death (Haláltánc). He gave an outstanding interpretation in the role of H. Higgins in G.B. Shaw’s Pygmalion, as well as in its musical version, My Fair Lady. He was an outstanding recitalist, taught speech technique at the Academy for years. He was contracted by the Hungarian Radio, as well as by the Television. Some of his feature film roles were St Peter’s Umbrella (Szent Péter esernyője) (1935), Momentary Cash-Flow Problem (Pillanyatnyi pénzzavar) (1937); Siege of Beszterce (Beszterce ostroma) (1948, 1955); Daytime Darkness (Nappali sötétség) (1963); The Baron’s Sons i-ii (A kőszívű ember fiai, I, II) (1964), and A Hungarian Nabob – Zoltán Kárpáthy (Egy magyar nábob – Kárpáthy Zoltán) (1966). His book entitled What Are You Thinking About, Adam? (Mire gondolsz, Ádám?), was published in 1962. In it he analyzed the role he played five hundred times. He was awarded the Best Interpretation Award at the Monte Carlo Film Festival, the Kossuth Prize, and was Outstanding Artist, and Artist of Merit titles. – B: 0871, 1439, 1445, T: 7684. Báthory, Gábor (Gabriel) (Solt, 26 January 1755 - Nagykőrös, 12 February 1842) – Bishop of the Reformed Church. He studied at the schools of Solt, Kecskemét, and Debrecen, and from 1876 in Marburg and other universities in Germany and in Switzerland. He ministered in Tass in 1798, Dunapataj in 1792, Pest in 1796, and Nagykőrös in 1838. He was Bishop of the Danubian Church District from 1814 until his death. He was founder of the Reformed Congregation of Pest, and he built the Calvin Square Church, completed in 1830. He worked patiently and effectively in church organizations, pastoral work and in politics. His writings include Evangelical Service Pleasing to the Lord God (Az úr Istennek tetsző evangéliumi szolgálat) (1808); Evangelical Christian Tolerance…(Az evangéliumi keresztyén tolerancia…) (1822); Could There Be, Is There a One-and-Only Redeeming Church? (Lehet-e, van-e egyedül üdvözitő ecclesia?) (1822). He received an Honorary Doctorate from the University of Göttingen, Germany in 1817. – B: 0910, T: 7103. Báthory, Prince András (Andrew) (somlyói) (1566? – Csíkszentdomokos, now Sândominic, Transylvania, Romania, 31 October 1599) – Cardinal, ruler of Erdély, Transylvania. He was raised by the Polish King István (Stephen) Báthory, at the royal court of Poland. He chose an ecclesiastic career, and soon became Prince-Bishop of Warmia (Ermland) (1589-1599). He was in Rome in 1583 and 1586. He was made Apostolic Protonotary in 1583, and Cardinal in 1584. On 30 March 1599, he became ruler of Transylvania after his cousin, Prince Zsigmond (Sigismund) Báthory resigned in his favor. Prince of Wallachia (now Romania) Mihai Viteazul (Michael the Brave – Vitéz Mihály) (1593-1601), utilizing the inner tensions of Transylvania went against Báthory with his army, helped by the Szeklers, and defeated him at the Battle of Şelimbǎr (Sellenberk), near Brassó (Brasov), and the escaping András Báthory was killed by the Szeklers at Csíkszendomokos. Mihail Viteazul became Prince of Transylvania in 1599-1600. – B: 0883, T: 7103.→Báthory, Prince István; Báthory, Prince Zsigmond. Báthory, Prince Gábor (Gabriel) (Várad, now Nagyvárad/ Oradea, Romania, 15 August 1589 - Várad, 27 October 1613) – Reigning Prince of Transylvania (Erdély, now in Romania) (1608-1613). He came from the princely Báthory family. He was the last reining prince from the family, and with the support of the Hajdús he became ruler of Transylvania. Gábor Bethlen also supported him. Báthory reigned only a few years, but his time was characterized by unrest. He had internal as well as external enemies. The Saxons turned against him because Báthory occupied Szeben (now Sibiu, Romania), despite it being a free royal town. He fought several battles with Radu Vlach Vojvode with changing luck. A part of the Transylvanian nobles organized a conspiracy against him, but Báthory suppressed it. The Viennese Court too, sent an army against Báthory, and even the Turks distrusted him; it was in the interest of both empires to be rid of him. When Báthory intended to hand over Várad to the Turks, his Hajdús killed him. – B: 1031, 2083, T: 7103.→Bethlen, Prince Gábor; Hajdús. 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