Which one will replace the question mark ?

	Which one will replace the question mark ?
	Which one will replace the question mark ?
	Which one will replace the question mark ?
	Which one will replace the question mark ?
	Which one will replace the question mark ?

This in today’s era has become the most important topic in reasoning especially in banks and selection in premier B’ schools both in India and abroad. This section broadly consist of 4 chapters.

1. 
   ASSUMPTIONS
   
2. 
   CAUSE AND EFFECT
   
3. 
   COURSES OF ACTION
   
4. 
   STATEMENT AND COCLUSION
   
5. 
   STRONG AND WEAK ARGUEMNTS
   

1. 
   CONCLUSION IS WHAT THE AUTHOR IS TRYING TO PERSUADE
   
2. 
   PREMISES IS PIECE OF EVIDENCE THE AUTHOR GIVES TO SUPPORT THE CONCLUSION
   
3. 
   ASSUMPTIONS IS UNSTATED IDEAS OR EVIDENCE WITHOUT WHICH THE ENTIRE CONCLUSION MIGHT BE INVALID
   

1. 
   ASSUMPTIONS ARE NEVER STATED
   
2. 
   MERE RESTATEMENT IS NOT AN ASSUMPTIONS
   
3. 
   SURETY OR DIFINITIVE I.E WORDS SUCH AS ALL, NEVER,ETC ARE IN ALL PROBABILITY WOULD NOT HOLD THE ASSUMPTIONS TRUE.
   
4. 
   ASSUMPTIONS IS SOMETHING ON WHICH THE STATEMENT IS BASED WHEREAS AN INFERENCE OR CONCLUSION IS SOMETHING WHICH IS BASED ON EVIDENCE
   
5. 
   AT TIMES IT IS A GOOD IDEA TO READ THE QUESTIONS FIRST
   
6. 
   WORDS LIKE THEREFORE, HENCE, THUS, ETC ARE SIGNALS ABOUT ENSUING CONCLUSION
   
7. 
   WORDS LIKE IN VIEW OF, BECAUSE, SINCE, GIVEN THAT, ETC ARE INDICATION FOR EVIDENCE
   
8. 
   AVOID CAUSAL ASSUMPTION (ASK YOURSELF IF THE CAUSE IS TRULY THE REASON FOR THE EFFECT OR IS THERE A POSSIBILITY OF AN ALTERNATE CAUSE)
   
9. 
   ANALOGY ASSUMPTION (WHAT HOLDS TRUE FOR ONE THING OR IN ONE SITUATION MIGHT NOR HOLD TRUE FOR ANOTHER/DIFFERENT THING OR ANOTHER/DIFFERENT SITUATION.
   
10. 
    STATISTICAL ASSUMPTION (THE OLD ADAGE THAT STATISTICS IS THE BIGGEST LIAR OR MISLEDAER).
    
11. 
    IF YOU SEE AN ANSWER CHOICE THAT COMES STRAIGHT FROM THE PASSAGE, IT CAN NEVER BE AN ASSUMPTION
    
12. 
    ASSUMPTION SUPPORTS THE CONCLUSION OF THE PASSAGE
    
13. 
    ALWAYS ASK YOURSELF WHETHER THE PASSAGE OR THE STATEMENT IS BASED ON THE ASSUMPTION PTOVIDED AS QUESTIONS
    
14. 
    EVALUATE THE GAPS OR LOGIC
    
15. 
    STRONG OR WEAK ARGUMENTS QUESTION FOCUS ON ARGUMENT WITH NEW INFORMATION
    
16. 
    FIND THE CONCLUSION IN THE PASSAGE THEN TRY OUT EACH ANSWER CHOICE TO SEE WHETHER IT MAKES THE CONCLUSION STRONGER.
    
17. 
    IN COURSE OF ACTION CHECK WHETHER THE SUGGSTEDACTION IS FEASIBLE AND PRACTICALLY VIABLE UNDER THE GIVEN CIRCUMSTANCES
    
18. 
    CHECK WHETHER IT FOCUSSES ON THE REMEDY OF WHAT IS IN QUESTION
    
19. 
    SEE IF THERE COULD BE A BETTER ALTERNATIVE
    
20. 
    THE SUGGESTED COURSE OF ACTION SHOULD NOT CREATE ANY NEW PROBLEM
    
21. 
    THINK OF THE SIMILAR SCENARIO FROM REAL LIFEAND WHAT STEPS WERE TAKEN AS A COURSE OF ACTION
    
22. 
    AVOID FRIVOLOUS ACT I.E THE ONE WHICH DOES NOT ADDRESS THE PROBLEM
    
23. 
    AVOID SOMETHING WHICH IMFRINGES ON THE RIGHT OF FREEDOM OF AN INDIVIDUAL OR SOMETHING WHICH IS BARRED BY LAW
    
24. 
    In strong arguments look for the logic and not mere statement
    
25. 
    In conclusion you have to choose without resolving anything on yourself
    
26. 
    Advertisements or warnings are given in the hope that it will be noticed.
    
27. 
    PLESAE TAKE A NOTE THAT THE CASES OF EITHER IN CRITICAL OR ARGUEMENTATIVE REASONING IS EXTREME RARITY.
    

1. 
   ONLY I FOLLOWS
   
2. 
   ONLY II FOLLOWS
   
3. 
   EITHER I OR II FOLLOWS
   
4. 
   NEITHER I NOR II FOLLOWS
   
5. 
   BOTH I AND II FOLLOWS
   

1. 
   You are hereby appointed as a programmer with a probation period of one year and your performance will be reviewed at the end of the period for confirmation- A line in the appointment letter.
   Assumptions:
   

1. 
   The performance of an individual generally is not known at the time of appointment letter
   
2. 
   Generally an individual tries to prove his worth in the probation period.
   

2. 
   A warning in a train compartment-“ To stop train, pull chain. Penalty for improper use Rs.500”
   Assumptions:
   

1. 
   Some people misuse the train chain
   
2. 
   On certain occasion people may want to stop a running train.
   

3. 
   It will be substantial achievement in the field of education if one provides one school for every village in our country and enforce attendance
   Assumptions:
   

1. 
   Children in village do not attend school regularly
   
2. 
   Providing school to every village is desirable.
   

4. 
   Government has permitted unaided college to increase their fees.
   Assumptions:
   

1. 
   Unaided college are in financial difficulties
   
2. 
   Aided college do not need to increase fees
   

5. 
   Children are influenced more by their teachers now a days
   

1. 
   The children consider teachers as their models
   
2. 
   A large amount of children time is spent in school
   

6. 
   You know that your suit is excellent when people ask about your tailor who, tailored the suit
   Assumptions:
   

1. 
   People not ask about your tailor if your suit is not good
   
2. 
   The people want to know about the criteria about an excellent suit
   

7. 
   All existing inequalities can be reduced, if not utterly eradicated, by action of government or by revolutionary change by government
   Assumptions:
   

1. 
   Inequalities is a man made phenomenon
   
2. 
   No person would voluntarily part with what he possesses
   

8. 
   Like a mad man, I decided to follow him
   Assumptions:
   

1. 
   I am not a mad man
   
2. 
   I am a mad man
   

9. 
   The regulatory authority has set up a review committee to find all the reason for unstable stock prices
   Assumptions:
   

1. 
   The investors may gain confidence in stock market by this decision
   
2. 
   The review committee has the expertise to find out the causes for volatility in stock market
   

10. 
    Shalini made an application to the bank for a loan of 1,80,000 by mortgaging her house to the bank and promised to repay it within five years.
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The bank has a practice of granting loan of 1 lakh and above
   
2. 
   The bank accepts house as a collateral security against such loans
   

11. 
    Many historians have done more harm than good by distorting truth
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   People believe what is reported by the historians
   
2. 
   Historians are seldom expected to depict the truth
   

12. 
    Out of A B C D products, you buy B which is based on the international technology. A shopkeeper tells his customer
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The customers normally accepts the recommendations of a shopkeeper
   
2. 
   Use of international technology is supposed to ensure better quality standards
   

13. 
    The civic authority has advised the residents in the area to use mosquito repellents or sleep inside nets as large number of people are suffering from malaria
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Local residents have enough money to arrange for the repellants or nets
   
2. 
   People may ignore and continue to get mosquito bites as they have other pressing needs
   

14. 
    The state government has abolished the scheme of providing concessional air tickets to the students
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Students will not travel by air in future
   
2. 
   The students who resort to travel by air can bear the expense of air tickets
   

15. 
    Most people who stop smoking gain weigh
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   If one stops smoking one will gain weight
   
2. 
   If one does not stop smoking one will not gain weight
   

16. 
    Please consult us before making any decision on investment
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   You may take a wrong decision if you don’t consult us
   
2. 
   It is important to take a right decision in investment
   

17. 
    I cannot contact you on phone from karshik
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Telephone facility is not available at karshik
   
2. 
   Now a days it is difficult to contact on phone
   

18. 
    Read this book to get detailed and most comprehensive information on this issue
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The person who wants this information can read
   
2. 
   There are other books available on this issue
   

19. 
    This year most of the shops and departmental stores are offering prizes and discounts on purchase to attract customers
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The shops and departmental stores have earned a lot of profit so now they have decided sharing it with the customers
   
2. 
   Lots of goods are available but the sale is not shooting up.
   

20. 
    The party president has decided that no member of the party will give press briefing or interviews to government and private TV channels about the discussion in the meeting
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Party members will observe this directions of the president
   
2. 
   The general public will not come to know about the happening in the meeting of the party
   

21. 
    To keep myself up to date I always listen to 9 PM news on radio. A candidate tell the interview board
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The candidate does not read newspaper
   
2. 
   Recent news are broadcast only on radio
   

22. 
    The government has decided to hold the employers responsible for deducting tax at source for all its employees
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The employers may still not arrange to deduct tax at source for its employees
   
2. 
   The employees may not allow the employer to deduct tax at source
   

23. 
    The cost of living has gone up in India
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The price of essential commodities has gone up in recent times
   
2. 
   Many luxury goods are available in plenty in the country
   

24. 
    There has been a remarkable increase in the air traffic in India during the past few years
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Travelling by air has become a status symbol now
   
2. 
   Large number of people can afford air travel now
   

25. 
    The next meeting of the governing board of institutes will be held after one year
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The institute will remain in function after one year
   
2. 
   The governing board will be dissolved after one year
   

26. 
    Municipal corporation has decided to ban the entry of vehicles from sub urban areas to the main city through main routes during peak hour to avoid traffic congestion
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The people of sub urban areas should not bring their vehicles during peak hour
   
2. 
   There is no traffic congestion by the people residing in the main city
   

27. 
    Children who get encouragement, usually perform better. A note by the principal to the parents
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Some parents do not encourage children
   
2. 
   Parents may follow principal’s advice
   

28. 
    In my absence I request you to look after the affair of our company. B tells C
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   C may not accept the request of B
   
2. 
   C has the expertise to handle the affair of the company.
   

29. 
    Market trends are changing continuously and with increasing competitiveness, the consumer’s demand with respect to the prices and quality are gradually increasing
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The consumers did not care for the prices and quality earlier
   
2. 
   Market competitiveness are not favorable for the consumers
   

30. 
    Government aided school should have uniformity in charging various fees
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The government subsidy comes from the money collected by way of taxes from people
   
2. 
   The government while giving subsidy may have stipulated certain uniform conditions regarding fees
   

31. 
    Sachin’s mother instructed him to return home by train if it rains heavily
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Sachin may not be able to decide if it rains heavily
   
2. 
   The train may ply even if it rains heavily
   

32. 
    The government has decided to reduce its subsidy on LPG, however the subsidy on kerosene remains unchanged
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Those people who buy LPG can afford to purchase LPG at a higher prices
   
2. 
   Many people may stop buying LPG and instead use kerosene
   

33. 
    Neither fascism nor communism has any chance of succeeding in America
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   American people are strongly in favor of preserving the rights of individuals
   
2. 
   Americans have so far not suffered any sorts of povrty or deprivation
   

34. 
    The program will start at 6PM but you can come there up to 7PM or so and still there is no problem
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The program will continue even after 7PM
   
2. 
   The program may not even start by that time
   

35. 
    An advertisement, “ our shoes are for the rich”.
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Many people likes to be labeled as rich
   
2. 
   One cant become rich unless one has that brand of shoes
   

36. 
    In view of the violent situations due to students agitation the state government has decided to close down all the educational institutes In the state for two weeks, with immediate effect
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The students agitation may subside after two weeks
   
2. 
   The students may not find a place to come further and continue agitation after the closure of educational institutions
   

37. 
    Present day education is in shambles and country is going to the dogs
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   A good education system is essential for the well being of a nation
   
2. 
   A good education alone Is sufficient for the well being of the nation
   

38. 
    Read this notice before entering the club
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   People are literate
   
2. 
   No blind persons comes to the club
   

39. 
    The host in one of the popular TV program announced that the channel will contact the viewers between 9AM to 6PM on landline on weekdays and lucky one will be given fabulous prizes
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   The people may remain indoors to receive the phone calls
   
2. 
   More people may start watching the program
   

40. 
    The product X that you have asked for is not available with us but can be made available against firm order from you
    Assumptions:
    

1. 
   Product X is not in great demand
   
2. 
   The product X is out of stock or new model is coming up
   

41. 
    Wanted a two bed room flat in the court area for immediate possession. An advertisement
    

1. 
   Flats are available in court area
   
2. 
   Some people will respond to the advertisement
   
3. 
   It Is a practice to give such an advertisement
   

42. 
    Bombay people were spellbound, mesmerized and got mad when they saw the famous pop singer Michael Jackson hi tech pulsating megawatt performance
    

1. 
   When a show is accompanied with latest technology it has a magical effect
   
2. 
   Bombay people were never impressed with performance by Indian musicians
   
3. 
   Michael Jackson is a super singer
   

43. 
    Use X brand shoes. These are durable and available in all sizes. An advertisement in the newspaper A
    

1. 
   Normally people like durable shoes
   
2. 
   Very few people read advertisement in newspaper
   
3. 
   Very few people read the newspaper A
   

44. 
    An advertisement of Bank X-“want to open a Bank account? Just Dial Our ‘home service’ and we will come at your doorsteps”
    

1. 
   No other bank makes service available at doorsteps of customers
   
2. 
   People may choose Bank X for their financial transactions
   
3. 
   Now a days Banking has become very competitive
   

45. 
    Work hard to be successful in the examinations. A advises B
    

1. 
   B listens to A’s advice
   
2. 
   Passing the examination is desirable
   
3. 
   Hard practice leads to success
   

46. 
    Join X tuition classes for sure success. Excellent teaching by excellent teachers is our strength- an advertisement
    

1. 
   Sure success is desirable
   
2. 
   Students expect sure success when they join any tuition class
   
3. 
   Just having excellent teachers does not ensure success
   

47. 
    Everybody loves reading adventure stories
    

1. 
   Adventure stories are the only reading materials
   
2. 
   No body loves reading any other material
   
3. 
   All are literate
   

48. 
    A rare opportunity to be a professional while you are at home – an advertisement for computer literate housewives by a computer company
    

1. 
   Some housewives simultaneously desire to become professional
   
2. 
   Computer industry is growing at a fast pace
   
3. 
   It is possible to be a professional as well a housewife
   

49. 
    Ravi decides to leave office at 4PM to catch a flight to Bangalore departing at 6PM.
    

1. 
   The flight to Bangalore may be delayed
   
2. 
   He may be able to reach airport well before 6PM
   
3. 
   He may get adequate time to search for a vehicle to go to the airport
   

50. 
    Z TV is the only TV which gives the viewers a chance to watch two program simultaneously- an advertisement
    

1. 
   Sale of Z TV will increase because of this advertisement
   
2. 
   Some people may be influenced by the advertisement and buy Z TV
   
3. 
   The sale of Z TV may be on the downtrend
   

51. 
    As our business is expanding, we need to appoint more staff. Owner of a company inform his staff
    

1. 
   The present staff is not competent
   
2. 
   More staff will further expand the business
   
3. 
   Suitable person for staff will be available
   

52. 
    Ten candidates, who were on the waiting list, could finally be admitted to the course
    

1. 
   Waitlisted candidate do not ordinarily get admissions
   
2. 
   A large no of candidates were on the waiting list
   
3. 
   The no of candidates to be admitted is small
   

53. 
    Quality of life of a person is not dependent only on his wealth
    

1. 
   The aim of most people is just to acquire more wealth
   
2. 
   There are some factors other than wealth which contributes to the quality of life
   
3. 
   Wealth does not contributes to quality of life at all
   

54. 
    The company has recently announced a series of incentives to the employees who are punctual and sincere
    

1. 
   Those who are not punctual at present may get motivated by the announcement
   
2. 
   The productivity of the company may increase
   
3. 
   The profit earned by the company may be more than the amount to be spent for the incentive program
   

55. 
    To improve the employment situation in India, there is a need to recast the present educational system towards implementation of scientific discoveries in daily life
    

1. 
   The students after completing such education may be able to earn their livelihood
   
2. 
   This may bring meaning of education in the mind of the youths
   
3. 
   The state may earn more revenue as more and more people will engage themselves in self employment