Beautification

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High formality

High formality

Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Frequency Stem & Leaf
3.00 0 . 333

4.00 0 . 4445

6.00 0 . 667777

4.00 0 . 8999

5.00 1 . 00111

7.00 1 . 2222233

1.00 1 . 4
Stem width: 10.0

Each leaf: 1 case(s)

Appendix J: Testing the normality assumption – Number of expected changes made across levels of formality

			Statistic	Std. Error
Low formality (on paper)	Mean		13.550	.7736
	95% Confidence Interval for Mean	Lower Bound	11.968
		Upper Bound	15.132
	5% Trimmed Mean		13.657
	Median		14.750
	Variance		17.954
	Std. Deviation		4.2373
	Minimum		4.0
	Maximum		20.5
	Range		16.5
	Interquartile Range		7.1
	Skewness		-.400	.427
	Kurtosis		-.554	.833
Low formality (on Tablet PC)	Mean		11.183	.5938
	95% Confidence Interval for Mean	Lower Bound	9.969
		Upper Bound	12.398
	5% Trimmed Mean		11.231
	Median		12.000
	Variance		10.577
	Std. Deviation		3.2523
	Minimum		4.5
	Maximum		17.0
	Range		12.5
	Interquartile Range		5.1
	Skewness		-.225	.427
	Kurtosis		-.644	.833
Medium-low formality	Mean		10.217	.6092
	95% Confidence Interval for Mean	Lower Bound	8.971
		Upper Bound	11.463
	5% Trimmed Mean		10.130
	Median		9.500
	Variance		11.132
	Std. Deviation		3.3365
	Minimum		4.5
	Maximum		18.0
	Range		13.5
	Interquartile Range		5.6
	Skewness		.270	.427
	Kurtosis		-.707	.833
Medium-high formality	Mean		9.017	.6299
	95% Confidence Interval for Mean	Lower Bound	7.728
		Upper Bound	10.305
	5% Trimmed Mean		8.954
	Median		9.750
	Variance		11.905
	Std. Deviation		3.4503
	Minimum		3.0
	Maximum		17.0
	Range		14.0
	Interquartile Range		5.4
	Skewness		.161	.427
	Kurtosis		-.469	.833
High formality	Mean		8.000	.6027
	95% Confidence Interval for Mean	Lower Bound	6.767
		Upper Bound	9.233
	5% Trimmed Mean		8.009
	Median		9.000
	Variance		10.897
	Std. Deviation		3.3010
	Minimum		2.0
	Maximum		14.5
	Range		12.5
	Interquartile Range		5.5
	Skewness		-.243	.427
	Kurtosis		-.782	.833

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