a. This level combination of factors is not observed, thus the corresponding population marginal mean is not estimable.
Note: Formality Level: 1 = Low formality (on paper); 2 = Low formality (on Tablet PC); 3 = Medium-low formality; 4 = Medium-high formality; 5 = High formality.
Appendix M. Mean number of expected changes across each level of formality – according to between-subjects factors (design experience, major/specialization and study level)
a. This level combination of factors is not observed, thus the corresponding population marginal mean is not estimable.
Note: Formality Level: 1 = Low formality (on paper); 2 = Low formality (on Tablet PC); 3 = Medium-low formality; 4 = Medium-high formality; 5 = High formality.
Appendix N. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc multiple comparisons between total, quality, and expected changes made across each level of formality
Table N1.
Significant between group differences and linear trends found after conducting one-way ANOVA on total, quality and expected changes.
df
F
Sig.
Low formality (paper)
Between Groups
(Combined)
2
6.67
.002*
Linear Term
Contrast
1
13.23
.000**
Low formality (on Tablet PC)
Between Groups
(Combined)
2
8.15
.001*
Linear Term
Contrast
1
16.28
.000**
Medium-low formality
Between Groups
(Combined)
2
8.08
.001*
Linear Term
Contrast
1
15.26
.000**
Medium-high formality
Between Groups
(Combined)
2
9.10
.000*
Linear Term
Contrast
1
18.08
.000**
High formality
Between Groups
(Combined)
2
7.03
.001*
Linear Term
Contrast
1
13.43
.000**
* The between group difference is significant at the .05 level.
** The linear trend (linear contrast across levels of formality) found is significant at the .05 level.
Table N2.
Post-hoc multiple comparisons between total, quality, and expected changes made across each level of formality
