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CHAPTER VII

POST WORLD WAR II

Following the War, the Battalion was organized as the Division Engineer Battalion for the 46th Infantry Division, Michigan Army National Guard. As earlier with the famous 32nd Division, the Battalion was once again an integral part of a functional combat Division.

The Battalion's historic home station is officially the Upper Peninsula and it seems that at one time or another, has had units in most every major U.P. town to include: Baraga, Calumet, Gladstone, Ironwood, Ishpeming, Kingsford, Iron River, Marquette, Manistique and Sault Ste. Marie.

Today the Battalion organization is: ¹

HHC	Ishpeming
Company A	Calumet
Detatchment 1 Company A	Baraga
Company B	Ironwood
Detachment 1 Company B	Iron River
Company C	Gladstone
1437 Bridging Company	Sault Ste. Marie


	As they were 40 years ago, the men of the Battalion are still proficient in erecting the Bailey Bridge. The bridge is still considered critical to the unit's mission. (Credit: SP4 Ron Hess.)

Although the M4T6 raft is considered technologically obsolete, large stocks of the bridge assure its wartime use, and they require the 107th to continue to be proficient in its construction. (Credit: SP4 Hess.)


		The Battalion Construction Section has a limited construction capability. Above they are assembling a steel warehouse at Camp Grayling. (Credit: SP4 Ron Hess.)


The Battalion is still a 'combat' Battalion. After carefully installing the demolition charges, an Engineer squad 'cooks them off' and completely destroys a set of bridge abutments. (Credit: SP4 Ron Hess.)
An Engineer squad installs a concertina wire barrier. (Credit: SP4 Ron Hess.)
		To prepare for the State mission of riot control, annual civil disturbance exercises are held. (Credit: SP4 Ron Hess.)

MOBILIZATIONS

The Guard has always had a dual role, that of a reserve for the Army in time of National war and as a State force that the Governor can use in a variety of emergencies. The strike duty in the 1890's was a classic case in point. Following World War II, there have been a number of state activations. Those that follow are the most prominent:

DECEMBER 26 - 29, OPERATION MONA LAKE

As a result of an ice jam in the channel between Mona Lake, near Muskegon and Lake Michigan, nearby residents were threatened with severe flooding. The huge ice jam had blocked up 300,000,000 tons of excess water in the lake. The jam extended 400 feet out into the Lake Michigan. In some places was 10 to 12 feet thick. After a call-up by the Governor, the men of the Battalion placed 1,000 pounds of dynamite and ammonium nitrate into selected charge holes and blasted a clear channel into the open lake. The flooding was relieved and the operation a complete success.²

Members of the Battalion on patrol in Detroit.

JULY 23 - AUGUST 6, 1967, DETROIT RIOTS

The Battalion saw dangerous duty during the infamous Detroit Riots. Like nearly all of the Michigan National Guard, the 107th was just starting the second week of Annual Training when the order for the call-up came. After a long motor march to the city, the Battalion performed critical duties that eventually led to controlling the roving mobs. These mobs had been smashing, looting and setting fires. The men of the 107th rode fire trucks to protect them from sniper fire, protected vital utilities, guarded police stations and manned roadblocks. In many areas, the only buffer between rioting and order was the 107th! ³

NOVEMBER 13,1975, ONTONAGON WOOD CHIP FIRE

Elements of the Battalion rendered vital support in battling a persistent fire in the wood chip piles of the Hoerner-Waldorf Company in Ontonagon. Fed by high winds, sparks from the fire endangered the entire town, threatening a repeat of the 1896 disaster.⁴

AUGUST 25 - OCTOBER 25,1976, GREAT SENEY FIRE

The Battalion's longest activation was the Seney fire. The fire started by a lightening strike in the Manistique State Forest, just south of Seney Wildlife Refuge. As a result of extremely dry conditions and high winds, the fire eventually spread to the Seney Refuge, where it became a full-fledged forest fire. In spite of the full efforts of approximately 1,100 fire fighters from the State and Federal governments, the fire burned nearly 76,000 acres, making it the worst in Michigan in nearly 63 years! The 107th assumed the mission of forming a guard task force, providing critical motor transport for fire fighters into the fire area, feeding the entire crew, hasty combat construction of roads and bridges in the fire zone, and controlling guard helicopter assets for aerial inspection and monitoring. At the fire's height, 147 men of the 107th were on duty, and by fire's end, 550 men of the Battalion had seen fire duty.⁵

JANUARY 14 - 16, 1978, AU TRAIN ICE JAM

The Battalion repeated its Mona Lake success in blasting ice jams again, now at the AuTrain River on Lake Superior's south shore. A severe lake gale had forced large blocks of ice into the mouth of the river, causing an ice jam that threatened to damage railway and highway bridges as well as caused inland flooding. Within hours of being activated, elements of the Battalion put 5,200 pounds of ammonium nitrate slurry in 116 charge holes to blast an underwater channel through ice windrows 30 feet thick. As with the Mona Lake mission, the results were successful.⁶

JANUARY 26 - 28, 1978, SNOW EMERGENCY

During a heavy blizzard, elements of Headquarters Company and Company C rendered critical assistance to the citizens of their local communities. Guard trucks transported police, fire, hospital and other emergency personnel over roadways rendered impossible to other than clawing four-wheel drive heavy trucks.⁷


A test shot determines the explosive charge requirements. (Credit: SP4 Ron Hess.)

	The ice windrows at AuTrain frequently exceed 25 feet. The threatened M-28 highway bridge is in the upper left. (Credit: SP4 Ron Hess.)

A helicopter delivers the demolition charges as the troops prepare 116 charge holes. (Credit: SP4 Ron Hess.)

THE 107th ENGINEER HIGHWAY

There are many unique ways of commemorating the accomplishments of an organization. Surely one of the most unique is the 107th Engineers Highway (M107). It runs from Silver City into the heart of Porcupine Mountains. In 1954, the highway was dedicated to memory of the 107th during a special ceremony. At approximately the midpoint of the seven-mile long highway stands a historic memorial to the organization. When the highway was dedicated, one veteran recalled that 'we like the thought that is small in length, but passed through a rugged terrain. It fits our outfit perfectly, as while we were small in numbers, we were big in rugged Engineering accomplishments.'

The memorial as it stands today. Inscribed on the plaque reads:
“THE 107^THENGINEER MEMORIAL HIGHWAY

DEDICATED TO

THE COMBAT ENGINEERS OF

WORLD WAR 1 AND WORLD WAR 2

1954”
(Credit: Sgt. Ross Stevens)

The Griffin at the top symbolizes all units of the Michigan National Guard.

The colors are red and white, which are traditional of the Corps of Engineers. The figure at the top of the crest, in Indian language, is a calumet. It signifies our origin as the Calumet Light Guard. It also means peace pipe, war pipe or treaty pipe, and indicates the various conditions under which we have served.

The center design is symbolic of a floating treadway bridge. It represents our service in World War II. Specifically it refers to the Victor Bridge, which our Battalion built across the Rhine River. This was the longest tactical bridge ever built.

The castle is taken from the design of the Spanish-American War Campaign Medal and is that of the Morro Castle, a famous Cuban landmark. It signifies our service during that War.

The floral design is that of a fleur des lies...a design well known and used throughout France. It alludes to our service in France during World War I, when as a part of the 32nd 'Red Arrow' Division; we broke every line the Germans held.

Our motto is a simple one. 'Good As Done.' It is how we accept each task given to us.

'107^th SNORTIN' BULL'

The famous 'Snortin Bull' typfies the hard-working, hard-fighting spirit of the Battalion. Originally designed by a member of the S-2 section during World War II, older versions carry the 254th logos. This example is a special version for the 107th Engineer Association.

THE ENGINEER SONG

A member of the unit wrote the Engineer song around WWII. Michigan Technological University subsequently adopted a similar version for their school song. It is sung to the tune of the Battle Hymn of the Republic. A rendition of it is a mandatory part of most every Battalion function especially reunions.

We are, we are, we are, we are, we are the Engineers.
We can, we can, we can, we can demolish forty beers.
So come, so come, so come, so come, so come along with us,
for we don't give a damn for any old man who don't give a damn for us.
Godiva was a lady who through Coventry did ride,
a'showing all the villagers her lovely lily-white hide.
But the most observant villager, an Engineer of course,
was the only one who noticed that Godiva rode a horse.

CHORUS

I've come a long, long way she said and I would go as far

for the man who'd take me off my horse and lead me to the bar.
And the man who took her off her steed and led her to her beer
was a blurry eyed surveyor and a drunken Engineer.

CHORUS

The Engineer and his lady were spooning in the park.

The Engineer and his lady were spooning in the dark.
His scientific manner was a wonder to behold
for his left hand took the readings while his right hand turned the knobs.

CHORUS

We did a piss-poor job on the timber trestle bridge.

We lost the fourth platoon out a'fighting on the ridge.
We zeroed in our rifles with precision and with care,
but when we fired for record Maggie's drawers were in the air.

CHORUS

The Engineers and the Infantry were downing a gallon can.

The Infantry said to the Engineers, "Out-drink us if you can."
The Infantry took three drinks and died, their faces a ghastly green.
But the Engineers kept drinking, it was only gasoline.

CHORUS

My father was a miner on the Upper Malamute.

My mother was a hostess in a house of ill repute.
My brothers all were fairies and my sisters all were queers.
So I told them all to go to hell and I joined the Engineers.

CHORUS

CHAPTER ONE-FOOTNOTES
1 Calumet Light Guards, Our Boys in the Spanish-American War (Houghton: Gazette Company, 1900), pp. 5 - 11, 23 - 24, 38.

2 Ibid. pp. 20-24.

3 United States Department of the Army, Lineage and Honors, 107th Engineer Battalion.

4 Kenyon Boyer, 'Early Military Companies,' (unpublished radio talk for WDMJ, Marquette, Michigan, March 4, 1956), no pagination indicated.

5 Mining Journal (Marquette), June 4, 1892.

6 Boyer, 'Early Military.' n.p.

7 Mining Journal (Marquette), June 4, 1892.

8 Ibid.

9 Boyer, 'Early Military.' n.p.

10 Letter, William S. Green, Adjutant General to Brigadier General Charles King, August 29, 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 1132.

11 Letter, G.W. Green, Assistant General to Colonel Frank B. Lyons, June 11, 1892, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

12 Kenyon Boyer, 'Early military Companies,' (unpublished radio talk for WDMJ, Marquette, Michigan, March 4, 1956), no pagination indicated.

13 Telegram, Charles S. Eaton, Adjutant General, to Colonel F.B. Lyons, July 3, 1894, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

14 Telegram, Charles S. Eaton, Adjutant General, to Captain W.S. Winslow, July 3, 1894, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

15 Telegram, C.S. Eaton, Adjutant General to Captains E.S. Gierson, Chester, Millan and Ball, July 3, 1894, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

16 Telegram, W.W. Cook, Assistant Adjutant General, to Colonel J. E. Fymell, July 3, 1894, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

17 Mining Journal (Marquette), July 7, 1894.

18 Ibid.

19 Ibid.

20 Ibid.

21 Mining Journal (Marquette), July 21, 1894.

22 Ibid.

23 Mining Journal (Marquette), July 28, 1894.

24 Letter, to Major Winthrop Alexander, October 21, 1896, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

25 Mining Journal (Marquette), July 28, 1894; Ironwood News-Record, July 28, 1894.

26 Mining Journal (Marquette), May 4,1895; Telegram, William S. Green, Adjutant General, to Colonel B.S. Kaufman, May 2, 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182; Telegram, William S. Green, Adjutant General, to Captain Ball, May 2, 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

27 Kenyon Boyer, 'Early Strikes in the Marquette County Area,' (unpublished radio talk for WDMJ, Number 245, Volume 111, June 26, 1959), p. 5.

28 Boyer, 'Early Strikes,' p. 6.

29 Boyer, 'Early Strikes,' p. 6.

30 Boyer, 'Early Strikes,' p. 6.

31 Telegram, W.W. Cook, Assistant Adjutant General, to John Broad, Sheriff of Marquette County, August 31, 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File Volume 182.

32 Telegram, W.W. Cook, Assistant Adjutant General, to Governor Rich, August 31, 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182; Telegram, W.W Cook, Assistant Adjutant General, to Colonel F.B. Lyon, August 31, 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

33 Telegram, W.W. Cook, Assistant Adjutant General, to Colonel F. B. Lyon, August 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

34 Telegram, J.J. Rich, Governor, to Robert Miller, General Superintendent M.C.R.R., August 31, 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182; Telegram, W.W. Cook, Assistant Adjutant General, to Captain W.S. McArthur August 31, 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182.

35 Telegram, W.W. Cook, Assistant Adjutant General, to Lt. Commander Gilbert

Wilkes, August 31, 1895, Michigan State Archives, Military Letter File, Volume 182

36 Mining Journal (Marquette), September 7, 1895.

37 Ibid.

38 Mining Journal (Marquette), September 14, 1895.

39 Ibid.
40 Ibid.
41 Mining Journal (Marquette), September 16, 1895.
42 Ibid.

43 Boyer, 'Early Military,' p. 5.

44 Calumet Light Guards, Our Boys in the Spanish-American War (Houghton Gazette Company, 1900), p. 25.

45 Op cit. Our Boys, p. 25.

46 Op cit. Our Boys, p. 32.

47 Op cit. Our Boys, p. 32.

48 Robert W. Wells, Daylight in the Swamp. (Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Co., 1978).

CHAPTER TWO – FOOTNOTES
1 Robert Leckie, The Wars of America (New York: Harper & Row, 1967).
2 Letter, to Charles C. Phillips, Chairman, Military Investigating Committee, from the Assistant Adjutant General of Michigan, dated January 14, 1899.

3 Copper Country Evening News (Calumet), April 22, 1898.

4 Ibid, April 24, 1898.

5 Ibid. April 25, 1898.

6 Descriptive Roll of Company, Field and Staff, 34th Regiment, Michigan Infantry Volunteers, 1898 – 99

7 Copper Country Evening News (Calumet), April 29, 1898.

8 Calumet Light Guards, Our Boys in the Spanish-American War (Houghton:

Gazette Company, 1900), p. 7.

9 Ironwood News, May 21, 1898.

10 Copper Country Evening News (Calumet), April 17, 1898.

11 Ibid, April 29, 1898.

12 Ibid.

13 Ibid, May 2, 1898.

14 Op cit. Descriptive Roll, n.p.

15 Copper Country Evening News (Calumet), May 9, 1898.

16 Ironwood News, May 5, 1898.

17 Copper Country Evening News (Calumet), May 10, 1898.

18 Ibid, May 14, 1898.

19 Op cit. Descriptive Roll, n.p.

20 Ironwood News, May 7, 1898.

21 Ibid, May 28, 1898.

22 Op cit. Descriptive Rolls, n.p.

23 Camp Alger was named for Russell A. Alger, the current Secretary of the Army and a Michigan native. Alger County was also named for him.

24 Ironwood News, May 5, 1898.

25 Annual Reports of the War Department (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1898), p. 357.

26 Ibid, p. 357.

27 Ibid, p. 360.

28 Copper Country Evening News (Calumet), July 27, 1898.

29 Op cit. Annual Report, p. 360.

30 Ibid.

32 Ibid.

33 Daily Mining Journal (Marquette), May 2, 1914.

34 Letter, Pvt. John Miller to Mr. Joseph Bosch, dated August 14, 1898.

35 Ibid.

36 Ibid.

37 Our Boys, p. 5.

38 Our Boys, p. 5.

39 Our Boys, p. 13
CHAPTER THREE- FOOTNOTES

1 Lineage and Honors Certificate, 107th Engineer Battalion, Department of the

Army.

2 Archives, Headquarters, 107th Engineer Battalion, Ishpeming, Michigan.

3 Ibid.

4 Report of the Adjutant General of Michigan, December 31, 1912 – December 31, 1914, pp. 1 - 12.

5 Ibid.

CHAPTER FOUR – FOOTNOTES

1 General Order Number 9, Adjutant General's Office, Lansing, Michigan, June 19, 1916.

2 Letter from Major General U.S. Grant III to CW4 Leonard Lorge, dated February 6, 1959.

CHAPTER FIVE – FOOTNOTES

1 32nd Division Historical Association, 'History of the 107th Engineer Regiment,' 1979-1919.

2 Michigan College of Mines Catalog, 1916 -1920.

3 Michigan College of Mines Alumnus, Volumes 5 - 9, January 1918. Michigan College of Mines, Houghton, Michigan.

4 107th Regimental Training Report, submitted by Colonel P.S. Bond, Commanding Officer, December 15, 1917.

5 Ibid, p. 9.

6 A.J. Stump. 'Hold That Tiger.' American Legion Magazine, January, 1981.

7 Op cit., 'History of the 107th.'

8 The Cleveland News, February 7, 1918.

9 Op cit., '107th Regimental Training Report.'

10 Joint War History Commission of Michigan and Wisconsin, The 32nd Division the World War (Milwaukee, 1920).

11 In World War 1, 42 U.S. combat divisions were sent overseas, but without any the required service support units. As a result the 'Tooth-to-tail' ratio was unmanageable. Eventually, 12 of the 42 combat divisions were broken up to serve both replacements and service support troops. (Hankee, William P. 'Implications the Peacetime Combat-to-Support Ration on the U.S. War Fighting Capability Military Review. June 1979).

12 Historical Report of the Chief Engineer, A.E.F. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 1919).

13 Staffs can never make up their minds!

14 Corporal Joseph A. Hardlick, 'Record of Movements.' 1917 - 1919.

15 Op cit., Historical Report, p. 182.

16 Op cit., Historical Report, p. 182.

17 Major General Blakeley, 32nd Division in World War II. (Madison, Wisconsin 1952).

18 Frank E. Vandiver. Black Jack, the Life and Times of John J. Pershing. Texas A M University Press: College Station, Texas.

19 Letter from Commanding General, 64th Division (French) to Commanding Office 107th Engineer Regiment, dated September 16, 1918.

20 Op cit., Historical Report, p. 209.

21 Op cit., the 32nd Division.

22 Op cit., 'History of the 107th.'

23 Letter, Colonel Bond to Lt. Col. Callan, dated February 15, 1919.

24 Letter from A. Owen Ayres, former 107th Regiment Supply Officer,

undated.

CHAPTER SIX – FOOTNOTES

1 32nd Division Historical Association, 'History of the 107th Engineer Regiment,

1917-1919.

2 Ibid.

3 Executive Order 8551, dated September 25, 1940.

4 Bull Sheet. Issue no. 21, 107th Engineer Association, Ishpeming, Michigan. 5 Op cit., History.

6 Camp Livingston was named for Edward Livingston, a Louisiana politician who served as an Aide do Camp to General Jackson during the Battle of New Orleans. Livingston was twice cited for bravery.

7 Major General Blakely, 32nd Division in World War II. (Madison: Bureau of Purchase).

8 Letter from Company F, 107th Engineer Regiment, dated October 7, 1941.

9 Letter from Chief of Staff, Headquarters V Corps dated December 15, 1941.

10 Letter from Major General Loveland to Lt. Colonel Ward dated April 23, 1952.

11 It was at Fort Dix that Calumet's Company E was redesignated as Company A.

12 All of the Guard's 18 divisions were of the square type, large, unwieldy, and difficult to manage in combat. The Army had developed the 'triangular' division, about one-third smaller and far more flexible and organized the regular divisions in this new matter. Although the Guard had long asked that their divisions also be converted, the Army had refused until after Pearl Harbor. The foot-dragging by the Army caused massive problems in reorganizations as well as deep resentment among Guardsmen.

13 Letter from Chief of Historical Services Division (Colonel Walter L. McMahon) dated 15 April 1975.

14 Letter from Base Engineer (Colonel Donald Adams) to Commanding Officer, 112th Engineer Regiment, dated June 8, 1942.

15 Historical and Pictorial Review of the National Guard of the State of Michigan, 1940 (Baton Rouge: Army and Navy Publishing Company, 1940), pp. 118 - 141.

16 General Order Number 28, Department of Military Affairs, State of Michigan, dated April 24, 1975.

17 Old Company D 107th Regiment, Marquette Company then commanded by Captain Cecil F. Clark, dated Lt. Colonel Clark, Commanding Officer of the 146th Engineer (C) Battalion one of the three Combat Engineer Battalions of the 1121st Engineer (C) Group the other two being the 112th Battalion and the 254th Engineer Battalion.

18 Letter from Major General Loveland to Colonel L.C. Ward, dated April 23, 1952.

19 As the 107th became the 2nd Battalion, its companies were designated as D, E, F, in effect the old A, B, C; notes, Colonel Loveland, undated, National Archives.

20 Unit History of the 522nd Engineer Company, dated June 14, 1968.

21 Headquarters, V Corps, Letter dated August 19, 1943; With the effective loss of Company F to North Africa, another Company was organized from the Battalion to take its place and brought to strength by replacement officers and men.

22 Letter from Colonel Robert McDonough to Colonel Austin Lindberg, Commanding Officer 107th, dated April 4, 1962.

23 Waldo G. Bowman, American Military Engineering in Europe (New York: McGraw Hill, 1945), pp. 88 - 89.

24 World War II Operations Report, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'S-3 Periodic Report, July - December, 1943.' National Archives and Records Service (NARS), Washington, D.C.

25 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C), 'Battalion History, Month of July 1944.' NARS.

26 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C), 'Report - U.S. Assault Training Center Project, January 22, 1944.' NARS.

27 Op cit., 'S-3 Periodic Report, July - December, 1943.'

28 Captain William W. Bainbridge was awarded the Silver Star for action on the coast of France, June 6, 1944.

29 Op cit., 'Battalion History, Month of July, 1944.'

30 The unit was under the command of 1st Lt. Arlan Bond.

31 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'Battalion History

for the Month of August, 1944.' NARS.

32 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'Engineer Operations Report for the Month of September, 1944.' NARS.

33 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'Engineer Operations Report for the Month of October, 1944.' NARS.

34 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'Engineer Operations Report for the Month of November, 1944.' NARS.

35 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'After Action Report, December, 1944.' NARS.

36 V Corps Operations in the European Theater of Operations, January 6, 1942 1945. NARS.

37 The actual citation read:

By the action of the President of the Provisional Government of the French Republic, the 107th Engineers is also awarded a streamer in the colors of the French Croix de Guerre with Silver Star embroidered 'BELGIUM' with the following citation:
'A splendid unit, which distinguished itself in the Bullingen region (Belgium) on

December 17, 1944. It was thrown into a breach opened by the enemy and assigned the mission of closing off three roads of vital strategic interest. After furious combat, it blocked the adversary, causing them severe losses, thus showing the finest qualities of courage and Military Valor.'
BY ORDER OF THE SECRETARY OF THE ARMY.
38 SSG Charles L. Senecal (posthumously) 1 Lt. John R. Huff SSG Donald M. Doguette

39 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'After Action Report, January, 1945, Daily Journal.' NARS.

40 An abatis is an obstacle created by falling trees across a road in an interlocking pattern.

41 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'After Action Report, February, 1945, Daily Journal.' NARS.

42 Op cit., 'V Corps in ETD.'

43 To remain in position against the pressure of the flow of the river, a floating bridge has to be anchored. Usually this is accomplished by a series of kedge anchors on the river bottom and by attachment to a steel cable firmly anchored on each shore and stretched across the river parallel to the bridge. As the cable is always upstream of the bridge, it is usually referred to as the upstream cable.

44 Dozer Blade, Volume 1, Number 7, 1121st Engineer Combat Group, March 24,1945.

45 Op cit., Dozer Blade.

46 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'Combat Operations Report, December 8, 1944 - June 22, 1945.' NARS.
47 World War II Operations Reports, 254th Engineer Battalion (C). 'After Action

Report, March 1945, Daily Journal.' NARS.

48 Ibid.
CHAPTER 7 - FOOTNOTES

1 Updated at time of printing 2001.

2 Michigan National Guardsman, February 1952, Volume VI, No.
3 Michigan National Guardsman, August, 1967.
4 House Resolution No. 262, House of Representatives, Michigan.
5 After Action Report, Seney Fire, 107th Engineers.
6 Michigan National Guardsman, February, 1978.
7 Michigan National Guardsman, March, 1978.

DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Lineage and Honors

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