C or J? C or S? C or K? Spelling: Soft Sounds The letter “g” usually has the soft sound of /j/ when it is followed by an e, I or y



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C or J? C or S? C or K?

Spelling: Soft Sounds
The letter “g” usually has the soft sound of /j/ when it is followed by an e, i or y.


Ginger

Gym

Generous

Gyroscope

George

Origin

Giant

Gin

If a /j/ sound follows a short vowel sound, it is usually spelled with a “dge” (because “j” is never doubled in English): fudge, judge, budget, edge, midget.

In most other instances, the /j/ sound is spelled with a “j”



The letter “c” usually has the soft sound of /s/ when it is followed by an e, i, or y.


Notice

Bicycle

Fence

Mice

Recent

Essence

Ice

Rice

However, if the /s/ sound follows a short, stressed vowel, it is spelled “ss”: essence, massive, passive.
Spelling: C or K?1
Awareness: Read the sentences below out loud, then—

Underline the letters that make the /k/ sound.

Circle the letters that make the /s/ sound.

Make a square around the letters that make the /z/ sound.

The lucky black cat stalked its victim, a cute duckling. Life is risky for small succulent creatures. They soon learn not to make noises that can be noticed. A small hiccup can resound and echo like a loud bark – and the duck loses its skin, and the cycle of life begins.




To spell the /k/ sound
[c] is the most common spelling. List five words from the text above with this spelling of /k/: _____________, ____________, ____________, ___________, ____________. (corn, scat, acorn, public, bike, victim, actor)

[cc] is used to “protect” a short vowel from being turned into a long vowel. List two words from the text with this spelling of /k/: _____________, ____________. (Mecca, tobacco, occupy)

[k] is substituted for [c] if it is followed by an e, i, or y. List three words from the text with this spelling of /k/: _____________, ____________, ____________. (kin, token, make, keep, kind)

[ck] is substituted for [cc] if it is followed by an e, i, or y. List four words from the text with this spelling of /k/: _____________, ____________, ____________, _____________. (picking)

[ck] is used to spell the /k/ sound at the end of a one-syllable word with a short vowel: Write one word from the text with this spelling of /k/: _____________. (luck, stick, clock, neck, stack)

[k] is used to spell the /k/ sound at the end of one-syllable words following any other sound. List two words from the text with this spelling of /k/: _____________, ____________. (milk, soak, hawk, lake, musk, lurk)

Which word in the text does not fit these rules? _________________



To spell the /s/ and /z/ sounds
The letter [s] is used most often to make the hissing /s/ sound, especially at the beginnings of words or in combination with other consonants: st, sl, sm, sp, sk. List four words from the above text that follow that pattern: _______________, _______________, _______________, ______________.

When the letter [s] is between two vowels, it makes the /z/ sound. List three words from the text above that follow that pattern: ____________, ___________, _____________. (please, poison, result)

The hissing /s/ sound is often spelled with an [ss] or a [c]. The [ss], like other doubled consonants, is used before a short stressed vowel: massive, pass, lassitude. The [c] is used elsewhere (soft “c” is followed by e, i or y). List two words from the text that follow this pattern: ____________, _____________. (recent, notice, force, face, trace)

Do the words course, purse, horse, nurse, and case follow the above rules?




1 Adapted from English Spelling Rules, www.dyslexia.org (select “spelling rules”)


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