Chapter 1 Introduction to mcs basic-52



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B EQUAL, 7, 80, 81, 120, 158, 183

BAUD Rate, 16, 24, 27, 28, 57, 89, 93, 94, Error Messages, 96-99

131, 145-147, 158, 164, 169, 174, 175, EXCLUSIVE OR, 120, 158

178, 183, 189, 194 EXP, 78, 158, 181, 183

EXPONENT, 74, 80, 119, 181, 183

C Expression, 6

CALL, 12, 29, 104, 107, 108, 130, 132, 158,

178, 183 F

Carry Bit, 27,146 Floating Point Numbers, 55, 71,107, 108,

CBY, 86, 114, 158, 182, 183 112, 118, 123, 184, 186

CHR, 83, 85, 158, 183 FOR - TO {STEP} - NEXT, 8, 11, 12, 31, 39

CLEAR, 6, 30, 32, 35, 66158, 178 40, 42, 98, 158, 178, 183

CLEARI, 31, 32, 53, 178, 183 FPROG, 25, 94, 158, 177, 183

CLEARS, 31, 178, 183 FPROG1, 25, 177, 183

CLOCK0, 32, 53, 158, 178, 183 FPROG2, 25, 177, 183

CLOCK1, 30-32, 52, 91, 92, 131, 158, 163, FPROG3, 26, 177, 183

167, 178, 183 FPROG4, 26, 177, 183

Command Mode, 4, 12, 13, 24, 106, 109, FPROG5, 27, 177, 183

111, 167, 191 FPROG6, 27, 177, 183

Command/Statement Extension, 10, 11, 122, FREE, 7, 21, 95, 115, 158, 183

153-159


Constants, 5, 6, 122 G

CONT, 14, 38, 65, 158, 166, 176, 183 GET, 67, 86, 87, 100, 115, 122, 123, 158,

Control Stack, 8,11, 31, 42, 98,169 162,165,166, 169, 182, 183

COS, 5, 77-79, 113, 158, 181, 183 GOSUB, 8, 11, 12, 41, 43, 44, 51, 52, 61,

CR, 4, 55, 158 98, 158, 179, 183

GOTO, 12, 13, 43, 44, 46, 158, 179, 183



D GREATER THAN, 7, 80, 81, 121, 158, 183

DATA, 33, 34, 97, 158, 178, 183 GREATER THAN OR EQUAL, 7, 80, 81,

Data Format, 5 120, 158, 183

DBY, 86, 114, 158, 182, 183



I O

IDLE, 10, 69, 158, 167, 180, 183 ON GOSUB, 43, 44, 158, 179

IE, 31, 51, 88, 101, 103, 116, 129, 130, 158, ON GOTO, 43, 44158, 179

182, 183, 193, 198 ONERR, 30, 50, 158, 162, 166, 169, 179,

IF THEN - ELSE, 9, 45, 46, 97, 158, 179, 183

183 ONEX1, 30, 31, 51, 53, 64, 69, 129, 131,

Illegal Direct, 97 158, 162, 166, 169, 179, 183

INPUT, 47, 48, 82, 158, 179, 183 ONTIME, 30, 31, 51, 52, 53, 64, 69, 129,

Input Buffer, 11 , 111 158, 162, 166, 168, 179, 183

INT, 76, 113, 158, 181, 183 ON - GOSUB, 183

Integers, 5, 75, 76 ON - GOTO, 183

INTELligent Algorithm, 25, 26, 72, 109, 110, Opbyte, 11, 106-109, 111-124

136, 141 , 163, 165, 167, 169,177 Operators, 122

Internal Stack, 8, 99

Interrupts, 129, 130, 159, 160, 162, 163, P

166, 167 PCON, 89, 117, 158, 182, 183, 193, 194

IP, 88, 116, 158, 182, 183, 193, 198 PGM, 10, 72, 73, 104, 158, 180, 183

PH0., 58, 158, 179, 183



L PH0.#, 58, 179, 183

LD@, 10, 71, 158, 180, 183 PH0.@, 59, 180, 183

LEN, 7, 95, 115, 158, 183 PH1., 58, 157, 158, 179, 183

LESS THAN, 7, 80, 81, 121, 158, 183 PH1.#, 58, 179, 183

LESS THAN OR EQUAL, 7, 80, 81, 120, PH1.@, 59, 180, 183

158, 183 PI, 77, 79, 115, 158, 182, 183

LET, 49, 66, 82, 86, 91, 95, 158, 179, 183 POP, 60, 61, 98, 106, 108, 118, 130, 158,

Line Editor, 8 180,183

LIST, 4, 9, 10, 15-17, 21, 100, 158, 176, PORT1, 88, 117, 158, 182, 183

183 PRINT, 4, 10, 11, 54, 55, 57-59, 63, 158,

LIST#, 16, 28, 94, 131, 176, 183 179, 183

LlST@, 11, 17, 59, 159, 166, 167, 176, 183 PRINT#, 28, 57, 94, 131, 179, 183

LOG, 78, 114, 158, 181, 183 PRlNT@, 11, 59, 159, 166, 167, 180, 183

LOGICAL AND, 76, 80, 81, 120, 158, 181, PROG, 23, 25, 94, 131, 134, 158, 176, 183,

183 189

LOGICAL EXCLUSIVE OR, 75, 80, 81, 181, PROG1, 10, 24, 25, 145, 176, 183, 189



183 PROG2, 10, 24, 25, 145, 176, 183, 189

LOGICAL OR, 75, 80, 81, 120, 158, 181, PROG3, 10, 26, 145, 176, 183, 189

183 PROG4, 10, 26, 145, 176, 183

PROG5, 10, 27, 145, 177, 183



M PROG6, 10, 27, 146, 177, 183

MTOP, 2, 7, 21, 26, 27, 95,115, 145,152, Programming Error, 98

158, 176, 183, 185, 187, 189, 191 PSW, 130, 160, 193, 194

MULTIPLY, 8, 74, 80, 118, 119, 181, 183 PUSH, 60, 61, 98, 107, 130, 158, 180, 183

PWM, 62, 90, 94, 131, 158, 170-173, 180,

N 183

NEGATION, 80, 158

NEW, 18, 35, 66, 158, 176, 183

NOT, 76, 81, 113, 158, 181, 183

NOT EQUAL, 7, 80, 81, 121, 158, 183

NULL, 19, 95, 158, 166, 176, 183



R T

RAM, 21, 158, 176, 183 T2CON, 2, 3, 89, 116, 131, 147, 158, 182,

RAM Only Mode, 132 183, 193

RAM/EPROM Mode, 133,134 TAB, 4, 54, 158

RCAP2, 89, 117, 158, 182, 183 TAN, 77, 79, 113, 158, 181, 183

READ, 33, 34, 97, 158, 178, 183 TCON, 3, 90, 116, 131, 147, 158, 182, 183,

REM, 12, 63, 158, 180, 183 193, 197

Reset, 2, 3, 10, 24, 26, 27, 29,102, 122, Text Pointer, 122, 123,162, 164, 166

131, 145-152, 159, 176, 177, 191 TIME, 7, 32, 52, 53, 91, 92, 116, 158, 182,

RESTORE, 33, 158, 178, 183 183

RETI, 51, 53, 64, 158, 163, 180, 183 TIMER0, 90, 92, 116, 158, 182, 183

RETURN, 41, 42, 64, 98, 123, 158, 179, 183 TIMER1, 89, 90, 92, 94, 116, 158, 182, 183

RND, 77, 115, 158, 181, 183 TIMER2, 89, 92, 94, 116, 158174, 175, 182

ROM, 21, 158, 176, 183 183, 196

RROM, 10, 70, 158, 180, 183 TMOD, 3, 90, 117, 131, 147, 158, 182, 183

RUN, 13, 21, 24, 35, 43, 100, 158, 176, 183 193, 195

Run Mode, 4, 13, 123

Run Trap, 10, 27, 102,169 U

UI, 67, 158, 180, 183

S UNTIL, 178

SCON, 147, 190, 193, 197 UO, 68, 158, 180, 183

Serial Port, 131 ,136, 159, 160, 166 USING, 4, 55, 56, 112, 158

SGN, 76, 113, 158, 181, 183

Sign-On, 2 V

SIN, 5, 77-79, 114, 158,181, 183 Variables, 6, 11, 122, 185

SMOD, 194 VARTOP, 185, 187

SPC, 4, 54, 158 VARUSE, 185-187

SQR, 77, 114, 158, 181, 183

ST@, 10, 71, 158, 180, 183 X

Stack Pointer, 8, 31, 105, 147, 152, 193 X-OFF, 10

STOP, 14, 65, 98, 158, 163, 176, 180, 183 X-ON, 10

STRING, 30, 49, 66, 82, 83, 99, 158, 164, XBY, 87, 114, 158, 182, 183

168, 180, 183, 185 XFER, 21, 22, 158, 176, 183

SUBSTRACT, 5, 8, 74, 80, 118-120, 181, 183 XTAL, 2, 3, 7, 28, 32, 62, 89, 91, 93, 115,

136, 152, 158, 165, 169, 174, 175, 183





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