Chapter 14 New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries multiple choice
Chapter 16 The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion
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Chapter 16 The Transatlantic Economy, Trade Wars, and Colonial Rebellion MULTIPLE CHOICE The heart of the eighteenth-century colonial rivalry in the Americas lay in ________. the middle West the Ohio River valley the West Indies the lower Saint Lawrence River valley Answer: C Page Ref: 484 Skill: Factual Topic: Mercantile Empires A peninsulare was a person ________. born in the New World born in Spain who owns land in the New World who owns land in Spain Answer: B Page Ref: 486 Skill: Factual Topic: The Spanish Colonial System As a result of a scarcity of labor, which of the following nations were the first to quickly turn to importing African slaves? Holland and France France and Spain Portugal and Holland Spain and Portugal Answer: D Page Ref: 489 Skill: Factual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy The first slaves traded, dating to the early sixteenth century, in the transatlantic economy landed on ________. North America in Spanish Florida North America in the British Virginia the West Indies and South America the coast of Dutch Guiana Answer: C Page Ref: 488 Skill: Factual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy Black slaves had the fewest legal protections in ________. British areas French areas Dutch areas Portuguese areas Answer: D Page Ref: 496 Skill: Factual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy A vast increase in the number of Africans brought as slaves to the Americas occurred during the eighteenth century, with most arriving in ________. the Carolinas or Virginia the Caribbean or Brazil Mexico or Florida Granada or Peru Answer: B Page Ref: 490 Skill: Factual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy Colonial trade in the transatlantic world roughly followed a geographic ________. line triangle square pentagon Answer: B Page Ref: 490 Skill: Factual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy The War of Jenkins’s Ear was fought by England to block incursions on British trade by ________. Russia France Portugal Spain Answer: D Page Ref: 498 Skill: Factual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars
Maria Theresa’s great achievement was ________. the defeat of Frederick II the reconquest of Silesia her granting of additional privileges to the nobility the preservation of the Habsburg empire as a major political power Answer: D Page Ref: 498 Skill: Factual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth-Century Wars The French and Indian War formally erupted in the summer of ________. 1745 1765 1755 1775 Answer: C Page Ref: 499 Skill: Factual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars The Seven Years’ War was fought mainly in ________. South America North America South Asia Southern Europe Answer: B Page Ref: 500 Skill: Factual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars
Much credit for Britain’s victory in the Seven Years’ War should go to ________. Robert Walpole George III William Pitt the Elder Samuel Fox Answer: C Page Ref: 500 Skill: Factual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars Europe’s balance of power was upset when Prussia’s King Frederick II seized the Austrian province of ________. A. Silesia B. Austria C. Germany D. the Netherlands Answer: A Page Ref: 498 Skill: Factual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars
The defensive alliance aimed at preventing the entry of foreign troops into German states was the ________. A. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle B. Convention of Westminster C. Treaty of Hubertusburg D. Treaty of Paris of 1763 Answer: B Page Ref: 499 Skill: Factual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars Benjamin Franklin gained assistance against Britain from ________. Germany Holland Spain France Answer: D Page Ref: 502 Skill: Factual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 16. The Diplomatic Revolution of 1756 was ________. a new idea of how alliances could be used a shift in alliances the alliance of most of Europe against Austria a division of Europe into east and west Answer: B Page Ref: 499 Skill: Factual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars 17. The act that put a tax on legal documents and other items such as newspapers was the ________. A. Stamp Act B. Sugar Act C. Intolerable Acts D. Declaratory Act Answer: A Page Ref: 501 Skill: Factual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe
sugar cotton tobacco potatoes Answer: A Page Ref: 489–490 Skill: Factual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 19. Britain changed the outcome of the Seven Years’ War when it came to the aid of ________. France Austria Prussia Russia Answer: C Page Ref: 499 Skill: Factual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth-Century Wars 20. The war that gave the world a successful government without kings was the ________. Seven Years’ War War of Jenkins’s Ear American Revolution War of Austrian Succession Answer: C Page Ref: 506 Skill: Factual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 21. Although the primary trade pattern of the transatlantic economy was from Africa and Europe to the Americas, a secondary trade pattern existed between ________. New England and the West Indies New England and India the West Indies and South America the West Indies and India Answer: A Page Ref: 490 Skill: Factual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 22. To what region was the greatest number of slaves sent? North America Europe the West Indies South America Answer: C Page Ref: 490 Skill: Factual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 23. The philosophy of John Locke contributed to the rhetoric surrounding which war? the American Revolution the War of Jenkins’s Ear the War of the Austrian Succession the Seven Years’ War Answer: A Page Ref: 504 Skill: Factual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 24. The intendants used by Charles III amounted to an expansion of _________. slavery royal power the power of the creoles sugar cultivation Answer: B Page Ref: 486 Skill: Factual Topic: The Spanish Colonial System 25. The leader of the Yorkshire Association Movement was ________. Christopher Wyvil Lord North John Wilkes William Pitt the Younger Answer: A Page Ref: 505 Skill: Factual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 26. The commercial empires of the 1700s were a feature of the _________ stage of European imperialism. A. first B. second C. third D. fourth Answer: B Page Ref: 482 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Periods of European Overseas Empires
cultural superiority religious convictions and the spread of Christianity to new colonies technological superiority agricultural advances and population increases Answer: C Page Ref: 483 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Periods of European Overseas Empires 28. Mercantilist thinkers assumed that ________. a stable economy was one that maintained its wealth, not allowing it to grow or decline only modest levels of economic growth were possible rapid growth every fiscal year was possible and necessary a capitalist system was superior to any other economic system Answer: B Page Ref: 484 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mercantile Empires 29. Under mercantilism, colonies existed to provide markets and natural resources for the industries of the home country, and in turn, the home country was to ________. protect and administer the colonies educate and Christianize the colonies generate free trade for the colonies to spur the local economy produce agricultural and manufactured goods to supply the colonies Answer: A Page Ref: 484 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mercantile Empires 30. According to the text, which of the following were closely related? warfare in West Africa and slavery in the Americas warfare in Latin America and the political development of the Ohio River valley warfare in Eastern Europe and the political development of the American colonies warfare in Western Europe and the economic development of Indian commerce Answer: A Page Ref: 489 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 31. What two areas were often the source of conflict and wars between the great powers in the mid-eighteenth century? China and the access to the Mediterranean Sea the African coast and access to the Mediterranean Sea overseas empires and central and eastern Europe overseas empires and western Europe Answer: C Page Ref: 498 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars 32. Frederick II’s invasion of Silesia offset the continental balance of power and ________. drew England into a war in North America shattered the provisions of the Pragmatic Sanction led to the defeat of the Spanish trade monopoly sparked the outbreak of the Seven Years’ War Answer: B Page Ref: 498 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars
the role of France the immediate British conquest of the French colonies the slow-moving Prussian threat to the Low Countries the lasting Prussian threat to France Answer: A Page Ref: 499 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars 34. At the outbreak of the French and Indian War, new political alliances formed in Europe and included an alliance between ________. Prussia and Austria Great Britain and Austria France and Great Britain France and Austria Answer: D Page Ref: 499 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars 35. From the British victory in the French and Indian War, Great Britain became not only a European power, but also a world power until ________. the worldwide depression in the 1930s World War I World War II the beginning of the Cold War Answer: C Page Ref: 500 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars 36. What was the outcome of the 1783 Treaty of Paris?
The treaty granted independence to the American colonies. The treaty granted control of all of Canada and the eastern half of the Mississippi River valley to Britain. The treaty ended the Seven Years’ War. The treaty preserved the Habsburg dynasty. Answer: A Page Ref: 502 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 37. What was the reaction of the American colonists to the Quebec Act? A. The Americans regarded the Quebec Act as an attempt to prevent their mode of self-government from spreading beyond the Appalachian Mountains. B. The Americans felt that the Quebec Act would support their political plans. C. The Americans were threatened by the Quebec Act because it allied France to the Native Americans. D. The Americans embraced the Quebec Act as a precedent for resisting Britain. Answer: A Page Ref: 502 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe
the costs of maintaining its empire and the vast expanse of new territory in North America that it had to organize how to protect itself from the Spanish Empire in North America and the loss of its North American territories how to integrate the French-speaking territories peacefully into British holdings and the costs of maintaining its empire the vast expanse of new territory in North America that it had to organize and how to avoid a Spanish attack on its newly-conquered land Answer: A Page Ref: 501 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 39. After 1713, what did the following colonies have in common: Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Bermuda, Jamaica, and Barbados? They were all founded by Christopher Columbus. They were all important sugar producers. They all relied on slave labor. They were all British colonies. Answer: D Page Ref: 483 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mercantile Empires 40. What was one of the most important causes that drove European nations to increase their taxes in the mid-eighteenth century? They wished to settle more colonies in the New World. They wished to import more slaves from Africa. They wished to increase their trade networks. They had to pay off their war debts from prolonged wars. Answer: D Page Ref: 501 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth-Century Wars 41. What did the world learn about the Atlantic Passage from memoirs and ship logs? Cargo was shipped in filthy conditions. Sailors were treated with respect and good pay. The work of sailors was unrelenting and brutally hard. The process of moving Africans to the Americas was horrific and inhumane. Answer: D Page Ref: 494–495 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 42. What conditions in Africa facilitated the capture and forced transport of African slave labor? stable political relations between African communities political unrest and intertribal warfare strong trade networks within Africa well-developed transportation and roads in Africa Answer: B Page Ref: 489 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 43. Religion among slave communities in the Americas is best described as ________.
Christian a mixture of Christian and African traditions forbidden, but practiced in secret virtually nonexistent Answer: B Page Ref: 496–497 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 44. What advantage did the peninsulares receive in the Spanish Colonies? They received land. They received the revenue from silver mines. They received the best, most profitable jobs in the region. They were treated like second-class citizens. Answer: C Page Ref: 486 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The Spanish Colonial System 45. The Yorkshire Association Movement was started in England to ________. reduce taxes decrease involvement in foreign wars abolish slavery reform the government Answer: D Page Ref: 505 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 46. What were the effects of the Yorkshire Association Movement? The movement collapsed without effect. Many people gained experience with political protest. Parliament implemented a permanent economical reform. George III made long-term bonds with the House of Commons. Answer: B Page Ref: 505–506 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 47. What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1763? Britain received all of Canada, the Ohio River valley, and the eastern half of the Mississippi River valley. The American colonies were granted independence from Britain. The continental conflict of the Seven Years’ War ended with no significant changes in prewar borders. Spain received all of South America as well as areas in North America, including Florida, Mexico, California, and the Southwest. Answer: A Page Ref: 501 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Mid-Eighteenth-Century Wars 48. What prompted the emergence in Europe of eating dessert after a meal? the discovery of chocolate the introduction of New World customs the increased access to sugar the introduction of coffee Answer: C Page Ref: 491 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 49. What was the British motivation for passing the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act? Britain wanted to exert authority over the unruly colonists. Britain needed to raise money to pay its debts. Britain was losing money on sugar and legal papers. The British Parliament was feeling pressure from citizens to force more contributions from the colonists. Answer: B Page Ref: 501 Skill: Conceptual Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 50. The technique used to assure discipline, prevent injury to the crew, and prevent suicide among Africans on the Atlantic Passage was to ________. tightly pack the Africans in the ship’s hold feed the Africans well and keep them entertained keep the Africans in iron shackles throughout the voyage kill any African who created unrest during the voyage Answer: C Page Ref: 495 Skill: Conceptual Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 51. The use of Coromantee illustrates ________. the harsh conditions imposed by slavery the common origins of most slaves in the Americas religious customs among black slaves the survival of African culture under slavery Answer: D Page Ref: 496 Skill: Analysis Topic: Black African Slavery, the Plantation System, and the Atlantic Economy 52. The mid-eighteenth-century wars had what impact on the domestic politics of the nations that took part? Conscription meant that war affected all sectors of European society. The use of total warfare meant that every aspect of life was impacted directly. The impact was felt primarily through the demands for taxation caused by the wars. Fought primarily in France and Britain, the conflicts devastated these two nations directly. Answer: C Page Ref: 498 Skill: Analysis Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars 53. The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 1748, resulted in which of the following? Prussia retained Silesia Spain’s defeat in North America France renewed Britain’s privilege from the Treaty of Utrecht the end of British power in southeast Asia Answer: A Page Ref: 499 Skill: Analysis Topic: Mid-Eighteenth Century Wars 54. The Intolerable Acts were prompted by ________.
colonial protest of earlier tax measures the need to raise revenue Thomas Paine’s Common Sense the end of the Seven Years’ War Answer: A Page Ref: 502 Skill: Analysis Topic: The American Revolution and Europe 55. The American Revolution had what effect on British policy in the short term? The pace of reform increased. The Yorkshire Movement quickly achieved its aims. Some reforms were achieved. The country underwent a reactionary period. Answer: C Page Ref: 506 Skill: Analysis Topic: The American Revolution and Europe
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