Chapter one introduction 1 background to the study

3. 
   Sample Size
   

In order to ensure a systematic or scientific selection of the sample to be studied, the issue of sampling cannot be over emphasized. Sampling is therefore, a process or technique of selecting a suitable sample of the population for the study (Tejumaiye, 2003). The researcher employed three sampling techniques: purposive, simple random sampling and stratified sampling. The institution has two colleges namely: College of Science and Technology (CST), and College of Development Studies (CDS). Each of the colleges has three schools, therefore, using simple random sampling whereby the names of all the schools in the colleges were put in a box, the researcher selected two schools each from the two colleges.

1. 
   College of Science and Technology
   

1. 
   School of Engineering and Technology
   
2. 
   School of Enviromental Sciences
   

2. 
   College of Development Studies
   

1. 
   School of Business
   
2. 
   School of Human Resource Development
   

With the aid of stratified sampling, the researcher grouped the programmes in the four selected schools into departments. The researcher further selected two departments from each of the schools through simple random sampling.

1. 
   College of Development Studies
   

1. 
   School of Business
   

1. 
   Accounting
   
2. 
   Banking and Finance
   

2. 
   School of Human Resource Development
   

1. 
   Mass Communication
   
2. 
   Sociology
   

2. 
   College of Science and Technology
   

1. 
   School of Engineering and Technology
   

1. 
   Electrical & Electronics Engineering
   
2. 
   Mechanical Engineering
   

2. 
   School of Enviromental Sciences
   

1. 
   Architecture
   
2. 
   Estate Management
   

1. 
   Accounting - 47
   
2. 
   Banking & Finance - 45
   
3. 
   Mass Communication- 45
   
4. 
   Sociology - 31
   
5. 
   Electrical & Electronics Engineering- 45
   
6. 
   Mechanical Engineering- 42
   
7. 
   Architecture- 42
   
8. 
   Estate Managment- 42
   

The 339 respondents were selected using the simple random sampling technique from the names on the list that was collected from CSIS. But this was done at the Departmental level using the frame for each Department. The target for each Department was 42. Where this was not possible, every member of the sample was selected. Where we had more than 42 like in Accounting, Banking & Finance, Electrical & Electronics Engineering, the technique was applied to select the required sample. After the selection, the researcher with the help of the trained research assistants went to the Departments with the names of the respondents to administer the questionnaire five minutes before the end of their compulsory courses as identified on the University time table.

For the focus group discussion, the researcher purposively selected twelve respondents based on the characteristic that the fall within the age group for the study. He further divided them into two equal groups: six males and six females.

3.5 Instrument for Data Collection

The research instruments for data collection mean the tools which will be used to collect data for the purpose of testing hypotheses or answering research questions (Ojo, 2003). The instruments used for collecting data in this study were questionnaire for survey and the focus group discussion guide and a miget or tape recorder for the focus group discussion. A questionnaire is a data gathering instrument, which provides uniformed questions to be answered by respondents in written form. The choice of a questionnaire was used because of the following reasons.

1. 
   It gives greater confidence to the respondents to express themselves freely because of anonymity.
   
2. 
   Due to lack of pressure, questions are factually answered.
   
3. 
   Uniformity is achieved due to standardized questions.
   
4. 
   It facilitates data processing through easy coding.
   

The focus group discussion guide provides a set of questions that will guide the moderator of the discussion group and the miget or tape recorder will help record the views and verbal expressions of the participants. The focus group discussion guide is divided into three sections: the first section (face sheet) sought the data of the moderator, the assistant, and the participants in the discussion. The second section has an outline of ten discussion questions. The moderator will ask each of the participants from the questions and their responses will be recorded on the miget for further analysis. The third section contains the post-interview comment sheet, where the researcher is expected to put down in writing his general impression about the session, and interpretation of important words and gestures displayed by the participants during the session. Also, mention need be made that Note taking was also used by the researcher so as to compliment the use of the miget or tape recorder. Both the questionnaire and focus group discussion guide were generated by the researcher in line with the research hypothesis and objectives.

6. 
   Method of Data Presentation and Analysis
   

7. 
   Validity and Reliability of Instrument
   

Therefore, this supposes that after the researcher will adminster the instruments he will examine the degrees to which the responses of the respondents are identical for the two sets of data. The questions on the questionnaire were rephrased and repeated in different circumstances to check for consistency of responses and to ensure that the objectives of the study were met. This was achieved through a pilot study, because the result of the study led to major amendments in the questionnaire. Also the project supervisor scrutinized the entire instruments to ensure that the major issues raised were covered, and this gave the instruments face validity or credibility.

Fawole, I., Egbokhare, F. O., Itiola, O. A., Odejide, A. I. & Olayinka, A. I. (2006). Definition, spectrum and types of research. In Olayinka, A. I., Taiwo, O. V., Raji-Oyelade, A. & Farai, P. I. (ed.), Methodology of basic and applied research (2nd ed). Ibadan: The Post-graduate School, University of Ibadan.

Hardy, M. & Bryman, A. (2004). Handbook of data analysis. London: Sage Publications.

Ohaja, E. (2003). Mass communication research and project report writing. Lagos: John Letterman Limited.

Ojo, O. (2003). Fundamentals of research methods. Lagos: Nelson Clemmy Press.

Sobowale, I. (1983). Scientific journalism. Lagos: John West Publications Ltd.

Tejumaiye, A.(2003). Mass communication research: Introduction. Lagos:Sceptre Print Limited.

CHAPTER FOUR

RESULTS

4.1 DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS

In the preceding chapter of this study, it was identified that the sample size for the study is 339. Copies of the questionnaire were administered to the 339 respondents from the departments that were selected: Accounting, Banking and Finance, Mass Communication, Sociology, Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Architecture and Estate Management. From the 339 copies of questionnaire that were administered, 337 copies were properly filled and returned. Thus representing a high response rate of 99.4% and a mortality rate of 0.6%. The distribution for the sex of the respondents showed that, females were 183 representing 54.3%, while 154 representing 45.7% were males. In terms of age, 8 of them representing 2.4% of the respondents were 15 years, 74 representing 22% were 16 years, 127 representing 37.7% were 17 years, 72 of them representing 21.4% were 18 years, and 56 representing 16.6% were 19 years. However, none of the respondents were 13 and 14 years old.

The respondents were asked if they watched entertainment TV stations. Table 4.1 below summarises their responses. The table also includes their responses on whether the watched entertainment TV regularly and the minimum time they spend watching entertainment on TV.

TABLE 4.1

DISTRIBUTION OF RESPONDENTS THAT WATCH ENTERTAINMENT TV

When the respondents were further asked if they watched entertainment programmes more than any programme on TV, Table 4.2 and Fig. 4.2 show their responses thus:

The respondents were asked the kind of entertainment programmes they watched on the TV stations. They indicated that they watched movies, fashion shows, reality shows, music videos, soap operas and entertainment news on the entertainment TV stations. Table 4.3 presents a summary of their responses.

Responses		Fashion Shows	Reality TV Shows	Music Videos	Soap Operas	Entertain-ment News	Movies
	Strongly agree	30.9%	37.1%	47.8%	32.0%	38.3%	50.7%
	Agree	34.7%	49.0%	36.8%	40.9%	43.0%	41.2%
	Undecided	8.3%	8.9%	8.6%	13.6%	10.7%	4.5%
	Disagree	16.3%	4.2%	3.3%	8.6%	4.5%	3.0%
	Strongly disagree	9.8%	.9%	3.6%	4.7%	3.6%	.6%
	Total	100.0% n=337	100.0% n=337	100.0% n=337	100.0% n=337	100.0% n=337	100.0% n=337