Cluster Report 1: Alternative Car Use
Upscaling and transferability
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- 5.2Upscaling
5.Upscaling and transferability5.1INTRODUCTIONUp-scaling refers to the potentials for a measure (or group of measures) to be expanded more widely across a city. Several factors need to be considered for up-scaling. For example, there are likely to be geographical/location constraints and perhaps capacity limitations. In addition, a measure practically possible may well be affected by what would be politically acceptable. In the CIVITAS evaluation, all cities were encouraged to assess upscaling taking above factors into consideration. A main objective of the transferability analysis is to assess whether the success of measures in a city are dependent on any particular conditions, and whether the success achieved and the lessons learnt in one city can be transferred to other cities. Successful implementation of a measure or a package of measures in a given city should provide ground for transferring the experience to other cities, if the right conditions are met. Transferability addresses the possibility of transferring/adopting in a given city successful measures. 5.2UpscalingThe success of the deployment of hybrid vehicles in Bath, despite higher leasing costs, shows the potential and benefits of deploying these vehicles across an enlarged car club’s fleet. This was hinted at in previous CIVITAS projects, but this review shows similar benefits have been found also in Bologna through the deployment of more ecological vehicles in a car sharing scheme, and the use of alternative-fuel vehicles should therefore be encouraged in any potential upscaling of projects in future. In contrast, the use of the internet, social media and viral marketing to attract younger people to car sharing schemes appears to have negligible effect where other (more underlying) financial factors such as high car ownership costs, and other dis-incentives such as car parking charges, are absent. The success of the two car pooling schemes suggests there is further appetite to expand these services to further companies, universities and public bodies, where the availability of on-site parking is limited (or needs to be reduced), the location is less central or not conducive to walking and cycling, and access to public transport is limited. This supports the findings from earlier CIVITAS projects. A summary of the potential for upscaling is given in Table 5.1.
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