Cndi 2011 Space Kritik Toolbox
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- The same human problems that allow us to feel the need to colonize space will reoccur once there.
- Anthropogenic attitude causes global extinction crisis resulting from environment crisis
- Alt Solves
ImpactsTreating nature as a resource makes environmental decline inevitablePlumwood 2000 (Val, Australian Research Council Fellow at Univ. Sydney. “Deep Ecology, Deep Pockets, and Deep Problems: A Feminist Ecosocialist Analysis,” in Beneath the Surface: Critical Essays in the Philosophy of Deep Ecology, edited by Eric Katz, Andrew Light and David Rothenberg, p. 79) The outcome of working the land must be seen as the product of at least two (kinds of) agencies and interests, and not of a single one (the human one) who is entitled to appropriate the land in accordance with the capitalist interpretation of Locke’s formula. For if, as Locke’s formula concedes for the human case, the outcome of “mixing labor” in the land is the product of more than just one of these agents, the human one, any more than a single agent is able to appropriate other joint products in which his or her labor is mixed with those of other human agents. Once the agency of nature has been recognized, this placement can only appear either as unjustified seizure or as a form of coverture, the assumption of unity or fusion of interest that we have identified above and that is subject to the same kinds of objections. If our dominant concept of property formation is one that at bottom treats nature as a nullity, it is small wonder that the outcome of its enormous growth and progress as a force for remaking the Earth is a progressive nullification and decline of nature. The same human problems that allow us to feel the need to colonize space will reoccur once there.McLean, ’06. “To Boldly Go: Ethical Considerations for Space Exploration” (Margaret. Margaret R. McLean is assistant director of the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University.) http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/ethicalperspectives/space-exploration.html But before we think about exploring-and potentially exploiting-"the final frontier," we would do well to remember that we do not have a very good track record in protecting our planet home. We have expanded human presence into pristine forests resulting in the disruption of migratory routes, soil erosion, and species extinction. What can be learned from our presence on Earth about the potential impact of our forays into the outer reaches of the solar system? We are the only earthly creatures with the capacity to extend our influence beyond the 4 corners of the globe. This puts on us the responsibility to acknowledge that, despite the depths of space, it is not so limitless as to be able to weather mistreatment or suffer every demand we may place on it. One way to think about expanding our presence in the solar system is through the lens of stewardship. Stewardship envisions humans not as owners of the solar system but as responsible managers of its wonder and beauty. Stewardship holds us accountable for a prudent use of space resources. Such responsibility may support exploration of the final frontier, but at the same time it warns against exploitation of its resources. We must account for our urges and actions in terms of their impact on others, the universe, and the future. As we boldly plan to extend ourselves to places where no one has gone before, we would do well to consider the following principles: 1. Space preservation requires that the solar system be values for its own sake, not on the basis of what it can do for us. 2. Space conservation insists that extraterrestrial resources ought not to be exploited to benefit the few at the expense of the many or of the solar system itself. 3. Space sustainability asks that our explorations "do no harm" and that we leave the moon, Mars, and space itself no worse-and perhaps better-than we found them. As we expand human presence into the solar system, we ought not to park ethical considerations next to the launching pad. We must take our best ethical thinking with us as we cross the frontier of space exploration. Anthropogenic attitude causes global extinction crisis resulting from environment crisisDevall 00 Bill Devall, professor at Humboldt State University, "The Deep, Long-Range Ecology Movement", http://muse.jhu.edulj oumals/ ethics and_the environmentlv006/6.1 devall.html, 3 July 2008 [Many researchers have documented the recurring, anthropogenic-caused collapse of natural systems at the regional or landscape level since modem humans began spreading across the planet approximately 35,000 years ago. However, the contemporary environmental crisis is the fIrst planetary-wide anthropogenically caused extinction crisis (Wilson 1992; Bright 1998) and environmental crisis. ] Alt SolvesViewing the world through another life form’s eyes, we come to a deeper understanding of the worldTaylor ’98 (Paul W. Professor of Philosophy at Brooklyn College, Environmental Philosophy) pg 77-78 As our knowledge of living things increases, as we come to a deeper under standing of their life cycles, their interactions with other organisms, and the manifold ways in which they adjust to the environment, we become more fully aware of how each of them is carrying out its biological functions according to the laws of its species-specific nature. But besides this, our increasing knowledge and understanding also develop in us a sharpened awareness of the uniqueness of each individual organism. Scientists who have made careful studies of particular plants and animals, whether in the field or in laboratories, have often acquired a knowledge of their subjects as identifiable individuals. Close observation over extended periods of time has led them to an appreciation of the unique "personalities" of their subjects. Sometimes a scientist may come to take a special interest in a particular animal or plant, all the while remaining strictly objective in the gathering and recording of data. Nonscientists may likewise experience this development of interest when, as amateur naturalists, they make accurate observations over sustained periods of close acquaintance with an individual organism. As one becomes more and more familiar with the organism and its behavior, one becomes fully sensitive to the particular way it is living out its life cycle. One may become fascinated by it and even experience some involvement with its good and bad fortunes (that is, with the occurrence of environmental conditions favorable or unfavorable to the realization of its good) . The organism comes to mean something to one as a unique, irreplaceable individual. The final culmination of this process is the achievement of a genuine understanding of its point of view and, with that understanding, an ability to "take" that point of view. Conceiving of it as a center of life, one is able to look at the world from its perspective. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. 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