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Impact Turn – Space Good: Diplomacy
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- Impact Turn – Space Good: World Peace
Impact Turn – Space Good: DiplomacyThat diplomatic power is key to deterring conflicts before they start- Persian Gulf War proves. Whiting 2 (“Policy, Influence, And Diplomacy: Space As A National Power Element” Lieutenant Colonel Stephen N., School Of Advanced Airpower Studies Air University, June, https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2002/saas/whiting.pdf)KM The second category of access to space services concerns high-end services such as high-resolution imagery, missile warning data, advanced communications, and launch services. Focused more toward technologically sophisticated states, those with advanced elements within their economies, providing high-end space services can be an inducement as it allows access to services that are currently beyond their means. For example, providing missile warning data (along with Patriot missile batteries and crews, and an intense air interdiction effort) to Israel during the Persian Gulf War led directly to achieving the United States’ diplomatic objective of persuading Israel not to retaliate militarily against Iraq. Israeli retaliation could have severely fractured the American-led coalition, and the use of military assets (space, air, and ground) in this diplomatic capacity was one of the most important strategic operations of the entire conflict. Space diplomacy power prevents conflict escalation and maintains US dominance globally. Whiting 2 (“Policy, Influence, And Diplomacy: Space As A National Power Element” Lieutenant Colonel Stephen N., School Of Advanced Airpower Studies Air University, June, https://research.maxwell.af.mil/papers/ay2002/saas/whiting.pdf)KM The Space-Diplomacy model argues that access to space services is an effective diplomatic tool throughout the spectrum of conflict. In peacetime, the United States can provide access to space services to encourage desired behaviors from other states. In addition, providing access to space services maintains the United States’ leadership position in space by dissuading other states from building competing systems to those operated by the United States and provided for their access. An interesting example is the fact that no viable system has arisen to compete with the United States’ Global Positioning System (GPS). Although European allies have expressed reservations that the GPS system cannot be relied on for their civil purposes since the American military controls it, and hence could degrade or deny the signal in some future crisis, they have been unable to bring together the political and financial resources to field their own systems. According to René Oosterlinck, head of the navigation department at the European Space Agency, "Europe cannot accept reliance on a military system which has the possibility of being cut off."189 While the latest indications are that the Europeans will go forward with their Galileo navigation constellation, there is doubt whether they will actually see the project through to fruition since the United States provides its GPS signal free to the entire planet.190 During periods of crisis response, the United States can provide access to space services (such as imagery) that would stabilize a situation, reassure an ally, or prevent escalation. Finally, during war, the United States can achieve diplomatic objectives by providing vital space services (such as missile warning) to coalition partners to take, or avoid taking, actions that directly bear on the war’s outcome. Impact Turn – Space Good: World PeaceEmpirically proven, world peace and growth directly coincides with unilateral dominance. Dolman 6 (Everett C. "U.S. Military Transformation and Weapons in Space." SAIS Review. XXVI, No. 1 (Winter-Spring) page 172, http://spacedebate.org/evidence/2310/)KM There is reasonable historic support for the notion that the most peaceful and prosperous periods in modern history coincide with the appearance of a strong, liberal hegemon. America has been essentially unchallenged in its naval dominance over the last 60 years, and in global air supremacy for the last 15 or more. Today, there is more international commerce on the oceans and in the air than ever. Ships and aircraft of all nations worry more about running into bad weather than about being commandeered by a military vessel or set upon by pirates. Search and rescue is a far more common task than forced embargo, and the transfer of humanitarian aid is a regular mission. Lest one think this era of cooperation is predicated on intentions rather than military stability, recall that the policy of open skies advocated by every president since Eisenhower did not take effect until after the fall of the Soviet Union and the singular rise of American power to the fore of international politics. The legacy of American military domination of the sea and air has been positive, and the same should be expected for space. Space is key in the nuclear age to transcend nuclear nihilism and create a global golden age of peace in the revolution of conflict. Dolman 5 (Everett C. Associate Professor of Comparative Military Studies US Air Force School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 14 September, “US Military Transformation and Weapons in Space”, http://www.e-parl.net/pages/space_hearing_images/ConfPaper%20Dolman%20US%20Military%20Transform%20%26%20Space.pdf)KM As leader of the international community, the United States finds itself in the unenviable position that it must make decisions for the good of all. On the issue of space weaponization, there appears no one best option. No matter the choice selected, there are those who will benefit and those who will suffer. The tragedy of American power is that it must make a choice, and the worst choice is to do nothing. And yet, in the process of choosing, it has a great advantage—the moral ambiguity of its people regarding the use of power. There is no question that corrupted power is a dangerous thing, but perhaps only Americans are so concerned with the possibility that they themselves will be corrupted. They fear what they could become. No other state has such potential for selfrestraint. It is this introspection, this self-angst that makes America the best choice to lead the world today and tomorrow. It is not perfect, but perhaps it is perfectible. Perhaps the most important insight to come from a discussion of transformation in war is the notion that space weapons, along with the parallel development of information, precision, and stealth capabilities, presents in our era a true revolution in military affairs. As such, these technologies and capabilities will propel the world into an uncertain New Age. For better or worse, the future can be denied only by a spasm of nuclear nihilism. The states that move forward against the fears of the many, and harness these new technologies to a forward-looking strategy of cooperative advantage for all, have the potential to initiate humanities’ first global golden age. The very nature of space requires that the ultimate use of it must be both encompassing and incorporating, but the nature of international relations and the lessons of history dictate that it begin with the vision and will of a few acting in the benefit of all. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 1.62 Mb. Share with your friends:
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