Compiled Aff Answers
A2: Impact- Offense- Prolif w/ Impx Calc
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- A2: Impacts- Offense – Surge Capacity/Disaster Response
A2: Impact- Offense- Prolif w/ Impx CalcPMC’s are critical to US counterproliferation efforts. Smith 4 (Richard Victor University of Western Ontario “Can Private Military Companies replace Special Operational Forces?” http://www.cda-cdai.ca/cdai/uploads/cdai/2009/04/smith04.pdf)KM In the case of the United States the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) was created on October 1, 1998 as part of the Defense Reform Initiative of the DoD. Its mandate is to coordinate DoD counterproliferation elements "into a single focal point, creating synergy between the programs and providing onestop shopping for information."36 DTRA involves several DoD entities that focus on "arms control verification, acquisition and development of counterproliferation technology, and implementation of the Cooperative Threat Reduction program." 37 This counterproliferation effort involves military and civil service personnel as well as government experts from other agencies, industry and academia. As early as 1999, this counterproliferation effort involved private advisors and private military contractors.38 The clearest way to example the role that these contractors take on in counterproliferation is to examine the disposing of Iraq munitions and weapons. On September the 14th , one American private military contractor was killed and two were wounded by a terrorist attack that Tuesday morning, north of Baghdad. These three men were employees of EOD Technology, Inc. and were working in Iraq under contract to provide project specific security to the Project and Contracting Office (PCO), formerly the Coalition Provisional Authority.39 In March, United States Army Corps of Engineers awarded a contract worth $3.45 million to help clear ordnance and explosives from Iraq. Under a pre-existing contract, EODT has also received tasks orders worth at least $66,947,670.95 for the disposing of Iraq munitions. 40 And, prolif causes extinction from arms races and miscalculations Utgoff 2(Deputy Director of the Strategy Forces, and Resources Division of the Institute for Defense Analyses, Victor, Volume 44, Number 2, Summer) ET In sum, widespread proliferation is likely to lead to an occasional shoot-out with nuclear weapons, and that such shoot-outs will have a substantial probability of escalating to the maximum destruction possible with the weapons at hand. Unless nuclear proliferation is stopped, we are headed toward a world that will mirror the American Wild West of the, late 1800s. With most, if not all, nations wearing nuclear 'six-shooters' on their hips, the world may even be a more polite place than it is today, but every once in a while we will all gather on a hill to bury the bodies of dead cities or even whole nations. Proliferation is a conflict escalator Taylor 1 (Theodore, Chairman of NOVA, Former Nuclear Weapons Designer, 2001, http://www-ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/Breakthrough/book/chapters/taylor.html) LL Nuclear proliferation - be it among nations or terrorists - greatly increases the chance of nuclear violence on a scale that would be intolerable. Proliferation increases the chance that nuclear weapons will fall into the hands of irrational people, either suicidal or with no concern for the fate of the world. Irrational or outright psychotic leaders of military factions or terrorist groups might decide to use a few nuclear weapons under their control to stimulate a global nuclear war, as an act of vengeance against humanity as a whole. Countless scenarios of this type can be constructed. Limited nuclear wars between countries with small numbers of nuclear weapons could escalate into major nuclear wars between superpowers. For example, a nation in an advanced stage of "latent proliferation," finding itself losing a nonnuclear war, might complete the transition to deliverable nuclear weapons and, in desperation, use them. If that should happen in a region, such as the Middle East, where major superpower interests are at stake, the small nuclear war could easily escalate into a global nuclear war. A2: Impacts- Offense – Surge Capacity/Disaster ResponsePMC’s provide necessary surge capacity for rapid responses to natural disasters and catastrophes. McCormick Tribune Foundation 6 (“Understanding the Privatization of National Security” http://www.mccormickfoundation.org/publications/privatization2006.pdf)KM One area where cost is perhaps less relevant is when the government has an immediate mission and quickly needs “surge capacity.” “It’s a question of getting it done,” noted moderator Suzanne Spaulding. “It’s the need for speed,” added a private sector executive. Whether it’s responding to Hurricane Katrina, a bio-terrorism event, or an outbreak of violence in Iraq, private contractors play an important role in supplementing government capabilities during a crisis or emergency situation. “What private contractors can do very well is pull together highly qualified people and hand-pick them and task-organize them, and do it very quickly. And this is an enormous asset to our country,” noted a public policy expert. “We have chosen not to have a military draft,” added a defense industry expert. “Therefore, when there is a surge in demand… there’s an inevitability toward our use of contractors.” PMC’s solve modern conflicts – they provide rapid surge capacity at a lower cost than state actors. Sullivan 10 (CONNECTICUT LAW REVIEW VOLUME 42 FEBRUARY 2010 NUMBER 3, “Private Force / Public Goods” SCOTT M., Assistant Professor of Law, LSU, http://connecticutlawreview.org/documents/ScottM.Sullivan-PrivateForce-PublicGoods.pdf)KM 2. Policy Advantages of National Security Privatization a. Surge and Diffusion Capacity The increased lethality of non-state insurgents and terrorist organizations enhances non-state actors’ ability to influence state action through isolated, but deadly, incidents of force. Identifying these decentralized threats is difficult; effectively countering them requires a degree of deployment flexibility and expediency that would be enormously difficult and expensive for the public military to attain. Similarly, private contractors do not have to be rotated out of theater as do public soldiers. Thus, the government can hire fewer contractors and receive more fulltime- equivalent service for their deployment than is possible with public troops. The ability to hire and deploy contractors quickly not only provides a needed surge capacity in the midst of armed conflict, but also facilitates the deployment of a small number of troops to parts of the world where the State has little presence.174 Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 1.62 Mb. Share with your friends:
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