Day 1: Role of Art Historian Homework: Read Gardner’s pp. 1- 7 Prepare to discuss on Day 2

2. Explain art in the “golden age of Justinian.” How do the mosaics define his role as leader of the church and leader of the state? (Don’t forget the Most Unusual Theodora)

3. What is the new Byzantine Aesthetic?

4. What role did Orthodox dogma play in Byzantine art?

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Choir
  
• 
  Chi-rho-Iota monogram
  
• 
  Hieratic organization of symbols
  
• 
  Refractory
  
• 
  Oratory
  
• 
  Theotokos
  
• 
  Mandorla
  
• 
  Vienna Dioskorides
  
• 
  Icon
  

2. How did mosaics from the Middle Byzantine era differ from the mosaics of Justinian and the Early Byzantine era?

• 
  Cloisonne technique
  
• 
  Pantokrator
  
• 
  Pala
  
• 
  Altarpiece
  
• 
  Triptych
  
• 
  Psalter
  
• 
  Templon
  
• 
  Cupola
  
• 
  Parekklesion
  
• 
  Anastasis
  
• 
  Iconostasis
  

Test next class

2. How did Byzantine and Near Eastern artistic traditions affect Islamic art and architecture?

3. What are the architectural parts of mosques?

4. Explain the unique features of Islam art in Cordoba, Spain.

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Islam
  
• 
  Kaaba
  
• 
  Muslims
  
• 
  Koran
  
• 
  Sunnah
  
• 
  Caliphs
  
• 
  Mosque
  
• 
  Qibla
  
• 
  Imam
  
• 
  Masjid
  
• 
  Mihrab
  
• 
  Maqsura
  
• 
  Minarets
  
• 
  Iwans
  
• 
  Minbar
  
• 
  Malwiya
  
• 
  blind arcade
  

2.Explain the unique characteristics of Alhambra.

3. How did Ottoman’s change the architecture of mosques (especially Sinan the Great)?

4. Summarize the craftsmanship required to create the tile work for the Madrasa Imami.

• 
  Arabesque
  
• 
  Zoomorphic
  
• 
  Ewer
  
• 
  Calligraphy
  
• 
  Kufic
  
• 
  Finial
  
• 
  Muqarnas
  
• 
  Mamluks
  
• 
  Madrasa
  

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Beringia
  
• 
  Mesoamerica
  
• 
  Pre-Columbian
  
• 
  Celt
  
• 
  Quetzalcoatl
  
• 
  Popol Vuh
  
• 
  Roof comb
  

2. Describe the sculpture – particularly the human form – in small scale, relief, and in a variety of media.

3. Explain the visual qualities and media of the early pre-Inka South American cultures.

4. How does the Raimondi Stele illustrate the Chavin themes of multiplicity and transformation?

• 
  Toltecs
  
• 
  Intermediate Area
  
• 
  Metates
  
• 
  Tairona
  
• 
  Tenoned
  
• 
  Warp
  
• 
  Weft
  
• 
  Embroidery
  

3. What do you speculate are the purposes of the South American Nasca drawings and the Serpent Mounds of North America? Could they share a common and general ideology?

4. Describe the unique pottery and painted designs of the American Southwest cultures.

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Earth drawings
  
• 
  Tapestry
  
• 
  Effigy mounds
  
• 
  Gorget
  
• 
  Pueblos
  

• 
  Raffia
  
• 
  Radiocarbon dating
  
• 
  Thermoluminescence
  
• 
  Coiffure
  
• 
  Scarification
  
• 
  Masquerades
  
• 
  Perceptual Naturalism
  
• 
  Conceptual Naturalism
  
• 
  Oni
  
• 
  Oba
  
• 
  Ikegobo
  
• 
  Saltcellar
  

2. Explain some of the influences of Roman Art on Hibero-Saxon Art.

3. Explain the importance of illuminated manuscripts for this culture.

4. Describe the composition of the High Cross of Muiredach

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Beowulf
  
• 
  Fibulae
  
• 
  Zoomorphic
  
• 
  Cloisonne
  
• 
  Cloisons
  
• 
  Norsemen, Vikings, Normans
  
• 
  Staves
  
• 
  Vulgate
  
• 
  Manu scriptus
  
• 
  Lectionary
  
• 
  Breviaries
  
• 
  Benedictionals
  
• 
  Book of Hours
  
• 
  Hibernia
  
• 
  Insular Islands
  
• 
  Scriptoria
  
• 
  Symbols associated with the Evangelists
  
• 
  Matthew
  
• 
  Mark
  
• 
  Luke
  
• 
  John
  
• 
  Carpet pages
  
• 
  Colophon
  
• 
  Chi rho iota symbols
  

2. What was the cultural impetus of art and architecture in the Carolingian period under Charlemagne and his successors.

3. How were the secular and religious architectural forms in the Carolingian period influenced by Roman/Byzantine architecture and yet uniquely different?

4. How did St. Benedict change the cultural bias against manual labor? What significance will this change have for art?

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Caroline minuscule
  
• 
  Psalter
  
• 
  Opus reticulatum
  
• 
  Stringcourse
  
• 
  Westwork
  
• 
  Castellum
  
• 
  Turris
  

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Alternate support system
  
• 
  Reliquary
  

1. Why was the term “Romanesque” used in designating the artistic style of this historic period?

3. What is the importance of Cluny and the Cistercian religious order in architecture and art?

4. What was the problem and the Speyer Solution to the problem?
5. Define these terms:

• 
  Romanesque
  
• 
  Tribune
  
• 
  Radiating Chapels
  
• 
  Ashlar masonry
  
• 
  Vaults
  
• 
  Transverse arches
  
• 
  Compound piers
  
• 
  Springing
  
• 
  Cathedra
  
• 
  Campaniles
  
• 
  Ribs
  

2. Describe the friezes of Modena.

3. Identify the parts of the Romanesque Portal and the importance of the stone sculptures around the portals.

4. Describe the connections between Vezelay and the Crusades (don’t forget the iconography).

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Sexpartite vault
  
• 
  Quadrant arches
  
• 
  Baptistery
  
• 
  Incrustation
  
• 
  Diaphragm arches
  
• 
  Historiated capitals
  
• 
  Bestiaries
  
• 
  Tympanum
  
• 
  Voussoirs
  
• 
  Lintel
  
• 
  Trumeau
  
• 
  Jambs
  
• 
  Mandorla
  
• 
  Aureole
  

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Hall church
  

3. Explain the new naturalism that was exhibited by the statues of the Gothic Cathedrals.

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Opus modernum
  
• 
  Opus francigenum
  
• 
  Altar frontal
  
• 
  Rib vault
  
• 
  Armature
  
• 
  Lux nova
  
• 
  Rose Window
  
• 
  Triforium
  
• 
  Lancet
  
• 
  Flying buttresses
  

2. Describe the composition of the Rose window from the Chartres Cathedral.

2. Explain the process of making stained glass windows.

3. Compare and contrast the sculpture of the Early Gothic and High Gothic periods.

4. Which cathedral won the race for height? How did they do it?

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Pinnacle
  
• 
  Vaulting web
  
• 
  Diagonal rib
  
• 
  Springing
  
• 
  Nave arcade
  
• 
  Compound pier with shafts (responds)
  
• 
  Flashing
  
• 
  Leaded
  
• 
  cames
  
• 
  plate tracery
  
• 
  bar tracery
  

3. Describe the evolution of Illuminated manuscripts in France.

• 
  Rayonnant
  
• 
  Mullions
  
• 
  Flamboyant style
  
• 
  Ramparts
  
• 
  Battlements
  
• 
  Crenellations
  
• 
  Merlons
  
• 
  Crenels
  
• 
  Keep
  
• 
  Moralized Bible
  

2. Explain the decorated and perpendicular variations of the Gothic style in England.

3. What are the distinctive and complex sculptures displayed in the tomb of Edward II.

4. Explain the medieval mind set as shown in the Mappamundi of Richard De Bello.

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Corbel
  
• 
  Decorated Style
  
• 
  Perpendicular Style
  
• 
  Fan Vault
  
• 
  Ogee arches
  
• 
  Mappamundi
  

• 
  Hallenkirche
  
• 
  Donor Portraits
  
• 
  Pieta
  
• 
  Ambo
  

Read Gardner’s pp. 521 - 542

• 
  Black Death
  
• 
  Vernacular literature
  
• 
  Great Schism
  
• 
  Humanism: Human values and interests, classical cultures, Roman Civic virtues (self-sacrifice in exchange for fame)
  
• 
  Maniera Greca: combination of Italian and Byzantine styles
  
• 
  Stigmata:
  
• 
  Mendicant Orders
  
• 
  Patronage:
  
• 
  Grisaille: monochrome grays
  
• 
  Chiaroscuro: dramatic contrasts of light and dark to produce modeling
  
• 
  Maestra: Virgin Mary
  
• 
  International style (14^th/15^th centuries): brilliant colors, lavish costumes, intricate ornamentation, processions
  

3. Describe the narrative and symbolism of the Ghent Altarpiece

4. Explain how oil paint differed from tempera.

• 
  Naturalism
  
• 
  Didactic
  
• 
  Polyptych
  

• 
  Limbourg brothers: Les Tres Riches Heures de Duc de Berry The Sumptuous Hours of the Duck of Berry
  
• 
  Claus Sluter Well of Moses (6 figures)
  
• 
  MELCHIOR BROEDERLAM, the Retable de Champmol. Annunciation and Visitation (above) and Presentation and Flight into Egypt Inner section
  

2. Describe the steps toward becoming an artist in Flanders during the 15^th century.

3. Explain the symbolism and artful combination of Medieval and contemporary artistic styles on Van Der Goes Portinari Altarpiece.

4. Explain the symbolism and meaningful choices that Van Eyck made in his painting: Giovanni Arnolfini and His Bride.

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Sfumato
  
• 
  Spandrels
  
• 
  Single vanishing point
  
• 
  Orthogonals
  

3. Explain the meaningful choices and Gothic references that Veit Stoss made in creating the Krakow Altarpiece.

4. Summarize the development of printmaking in Europe during the 15^th century.

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Retables
  
• 
  Letterpress
  
• 
  Woodcut
  
• 
  Relief printing
  
• 
  Intaglio printing
  
• 
  Drypoint
  
• 
  Etching
  
• 
  Hatching
  
• 
  Plateresque
  

4. Explain how art was used to rally the Florentines in times of crisis.

5. Define these terms:

• 
  Medici
  
• 
  Patronage
  
• 
  Quatrefoil
  
• 
  Rationalization of sight
  
• 
  Linear Perspective
  
• 
  Atmospheric Perspective
  

2. Explain how Masaccio’s style and innovations influenced artists who followed him.

3. Compare and contrast imitation and emulation as artistic values in the Renaissance.

4.What were the obstacles that Brunelleschi faced in completing the dome for the Florence Cathedral? How did he solve them?

5. Define these terms:

• 
  predella
  
• 
  chiaroscuro
  
• 
  loggia
  

1. How does Uccello’s Battle of San Romano reflect his training in the International Style, but also go beyond it?

2. Compare and contrast the Davids by Dontello and Verrocchio.

3. Explain the narrative of Botticelli’s Birth of Venus?

4. How did Florentine portraiture differ from Flemish portraiture?

5. Define these terms:

Stringcourses

Mela medica

Parallel hatching

Intarsia
wDay 83 Ch. 21 15^th Century Italian Art: Read Gardner’s pp. 598 - 603

1. Describe the architectural elements of the west façade of Santa Maria Nouvella.

2. Describe the linear perspective of Andrea Del Castagno’s Last Supper.
3. How does Fra Filippo Lippi’s use of line compare with Giotto’s Madonna Enthroned (p. 528) use of shape and shadow?

4. Describe the composition of Perugino’s Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter.

Pilastes

Cornice

Tondo