[Draft Book Chapter] South Asia in transition: India-Sri Lanka relations in the twenty-first century Arijit Mazumdar, Phd assistant Professor of Political Science University of St
Annexure to the 1987 India-Sri Lanka Agreement
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- Appendix B Exchange of letters between the President of Sri Lanka and the Prime Minister of India
- Bibliography
Annexure to the 1987 India-Sri Lanka Agreement 1. His Excellency the President of Sri Lanka and the Prime Minister of India agree that the referendum mentioned in paragraph 2 and its sub-paragraphs of the Agreement will be observed by a representative of the Election Commission of India to be invited by His Excellency the President of Sri Lanka. 2. Similarly, both Heads of Government agree that the elections to the Provincial Council mentioned in paragraph 2.8 of the Agreement will be observed and all para military personnel will be withdrawn from the Eastern and Northern Provinces with a view to creating conditions conducive to fair elections to the Council. 3. The President, in his discretion, shall absorb such para military forces, which came into being due to the ethnic violence, into the regular security forces of Sri Lanka. 4. The President of Sri Lanka and the Prime Minister of India agree that the Tamil Militants shall surrender their arms to authorities agreed upon to be designated by the President of Sri Lanka. The surrender shall take place in the presence of one senior representative each of the Sri Lanka Red Cross and the India Red Cross. 5. The President of Sri Lanka and the Prime Minister of India agree that a Joint Indo Sri Lankan Observer Group consisting of qualified representatives of the government of Sri Lanka and the government of India would monitor the cessation of hostilities from 31 July 1987. 6. The President of Sri Lanka and the Prime Minister of India also agree that in terms of paragraph 2.14 and paragraph 2.16 (C) of the Agreement, an Indian Peace Keeping Contingent may be invited by the President of Sri Lanka to guarantee and enforce the cessation of hostilities, if so required. Source: Tamilnation.org Appendix B Exchange of letters between the President of Sri Lanka and the Prime Minister of India July 29, 1987 Excellency, Please refer to your letter dated the 29th of July 1987, which reads as follows:- Excellency, Conscious of the friendship between our two countries stretching over two millennia and more, and recognising the importance of nurturing this traditional friendship, it is imperative that both Sri Lanka and India reaffirm the decision not to allow our respective territories to be used for activities prejudicial to each other's unity, territorial integrity and security. 2. In this spirit, you had, during the course of our discussion, agreed to meet some of India's concerns as follows:- I) Your Excellency and myself will reach an early understanding about the relevance and employment of foreign military and intelligence personnel with a view to ensuring that such presences will not prejudice Indo Sri Lanka relations. II) Trincomalee or any other ports in Sri Lanka will not be made available for military use by any country in a manner prejudicial to India's interests. III) The work of restoring and operating the Trincomalee Oil Tank will be undertaken as a joint operation between India and Sri Lanka. IV) Sri Lanka's agreement with foreign broadcasting organisations will be reviewed to ensure that any facilities set up by them in Sri Lanka are used solely as public broadcasting facilities and not for any military or intelligence purposes.
I) Deport all Sri Lankan citizens who are found to be engaging in terrorist activities or advocating separatism or secessionism. II) Provide training facilities and military supplies for Sri Lanka security services.
Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration. Yours sincerely, sgd Rajiv Gandhi His Excellency, Mr. J.R. Jayawardene, President of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, Colombo. This is to confirm that the above correctly sets out the understanding reached between us. Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration. sgd J.R. Jayawardene President. His Excellency, Mr. Rajiv Gandhi, Prime Minister of the Republic of India, New Delhi. Source: Tamilnation.org Bibliography Adeney, Katherine and Andrew Wyatt. 2004. “Democracy in South Asia: Getting beyond the structure- agency dichotomy.” Political Studies 52, no. 1, pp. 1-18. Bajaj. Vikas. 2010. “Sri Lanka loses E.U. trade benefit.” New York Times. Accessed July 1, 2012. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/07/business/global/07trade.html. Bajoria, Jayshree. 2009. “The Sri Lankan conflict.” Council of Foreign Relations. Washington, DC. May 18. Accessed July10. http://www.cfr.org/terrorist-organizations/sri-lankan-conflict/p11407. Bose, Sugata. 1994. Sri Lanka, India and the Tamil Eelam Movement. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Bose, Sumantra. 2004. “Decolonization and state building in South Asia.” Journal of International Affairs 58, no. 1, pp. 95-113. Central Bank of Sri Lanka 2011. “Annual Report 2011.” Central Bank of Sri Lanka. Accessed July 12, 2012.
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World Bank (2012). “Sri Lanka: GDP growth (annual %).” World Bank Data-World Development Indicators and Global Development Finance. Accessed July 12, 2012. http://databank.worldbank.org/ddp/html-jsp/QuickViewReport.jsp?RowAxis=WDI_Series~&ColAxis=WDI_Time~&PageAxis=WDI_Ctry~&PageAxisCaption=Country~&RowAxisCaption=Series~&ColAxisCaption=Time~&NEW_REPORT_SCALE=1&NEW_REPORT_PRECISION=0.0&newReport=yes&ROW_COUNT=1&COLUMN_COUNT=27&PAGE_COUNT=1&COMMA_SEP=true. Young, Iris M. 2000. Inclusion and democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Zakaria, Fareed. 2007. The future of freedom: Illiberal democracy at home and abroad. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. 1 Notes The civil war in Sri Lanka has hampered the process of carrying out census in the Tamil-dominated North and East. The 2001 census was therefore deemed to have grossly understated the number of Sri Lankan Tamils. As such, the Government of Sri Lanka revised the Tamil population estimate. They were believed to constitute 18% of the total population of the island, as reported by the CIA World Factbook (2012). 2 The semi-presidential system includes a president and a prime minister who work together to govern the country. The President is directly elected by the people. He/she appoints the Prime Minister, who is the leader of the party with the majority in Parliament, and therefore responsible to the legislature. Sometimes, the President and Prime Minister may come from different political parties, a situation known as ‘cohabitation’. 3 Gurr (1993, 2000), Horowitz (2000) and Linz and Stepan (1996) have argued that political exclusion of cultural groups may lead to erosion of democracy and ethnic conflict. 4 Unlike the other smaller countries of South Asia, Sri Lanka has a long tradition of civilian rule and representative government. There has not been a break in civilian rule since independence. However, with the conclusion of the civil war Sri Lanka is a country undergoing change. As such, this section is titled ‘political transition’ instead of ‘democratic transition’. Nevertheless, some of the challenges that Sri Lanka’s democracy faces today are not altogether different from the challenges facing the fledgling democracies of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Pakistan and Nepal. Directory: uthinkcache -> gpa -> globalnotes globalnotes -> What does a Weapon See: hbo goes to War 1 Download 189.53 Kb. Share with your friends:
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