Agent
|
Likelihood of entry
|
Likelihood of establishment
|
Consequences of establishment
|
Risk management required, yes/no
|
Rift Valley fever
|
Negligible.
|
Not relevant.
|
not relevant
|
No
|
Rabies virus
|
Low from endemic countries.
Negligible from unaffected countries.
|
Low.
|
Serious zoonosis.
|
yes
|
Aujeszky’s disease
|
Extremely low.
|
Extremely low to negligible.
|
Medium to serious.
|
No
|
Coronaviruses (TGE)
|
Negligible.
|
Not relevant.
|
Not relevant.
|
No
|
Burkholderia mallei (glanders)
|
Very low from affected regions, negligible from unaffected regions.
|
Within zoo, low; beyond zoo, very low to negligible.
|
Significant within zoo. Serious if spread to outside equine population.
Zoonosis.
|
Yes
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis
|
Very low.
|
Within zoo, low; beyond zoo, negligible.
|
Serious at zoo or national level.
Zoonosis.
|
Yes
|
Francisella tularensis
|
Extremely low.
|
Low.
|
Serious.
|
No.
|
Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. vivax. (nagana)
|
Very low from affected regions, negligible from unaffected regions.
|
Negligible.
|
Not relevant.
|
No
|
Agent
|
Likelihood of entry
|
Likelihood of establishment
|
Consequences of establishment
|
Risk management required, yes/no
|
T. evansi (surra)
|
Low for endemic regions, negligible for unaffected regions
|
Moderate to high.
|
Serious.
|
Yes
|
T. cruzi (Chaga’s disease)
|
Moderate from endemic regions, negligible from unaffected regions
|
Negligible
|
Not relevant
|
No
|
Echinococcus granulosus felidis
|
Low.
|
Negligible.
|
Not relevant.
|
No
|
E. multilocularis, E. oligarthus (alveolar hydatiosis)
|
Low.
|
Negligible.
|
Zoonosis with serious consequences to exposed zoo staff.
|
Yes
|
Trichinella spiralis
|
Low to moderate.
|
Negligible.
|
Zoonosis, but unlikely to affect zoo staff.
|
No
|
Cochliomyia hominivorax and Chrysomyia bezziana (Screw-worm fly)
|
Very low.
|
Low to moderate.
|
Serious.
|
Yes
|
Borna disease virus
|
Very low.
|
Insufficient information on transmission.
|
Medium.
|
No
|
Canine distemper virus
|
Very low.
|
High likelihood of spread to other susceptible zoo species.
|
Within zoos consequences could be serious. Beyond zoos, consequences negligible.
|
Yes
|
Nipah virus
|
Very low from endemic country, negligible from other regions.
|
Extremely low.
|
Serious zoonosis with extreme consequences.
|
Yes
|
Cowpox
|
Extremely low.
|
Very low to negligible.
|
Mild.
|
No
|
Puma lentivirus
|
Moderate for susceptible species only.
|
Negligible other than to identical species within zoo.
|
Mild.
|
No
|
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathy
|
Extremely low.
|
Negligible.
|
Not relevant
|
No
|
Ehrlichia canis, E. risticii
|
Extremely low.
|
Extremely low.
|
Mild.
|
No
|
Yersinia pestis (plague)
|
Low to extremely low from endemic regions, negligible from unaffected regions.
|
Insufficient data on Australia’s potential reservoirs.
|
Serious zoonosis reportable to the WHO. Potential for extreme consequences.
|
Yes
|
Blastomyces dermatidis
|
Very low.
|
Extremely low.
|
Mild.
|
No
|
Cytauxzoon felis
|
In Lynx rufus moderate, in other Felidae, negligible.
|
Very low.
|
Moderate at zoo level, otherwise negligible.
|
Yes for Lynx rufus only.
|
Agent
|
Likelihood of entry
|
Likelihood of establishment
|
Consequences of establishment
|
Risk management required, yes/no
|
Babesia felis
|
Extremely low.
|
Insufficient data.
|
Mild.
|
No
|
Besnoitia besnoitii
|
Extremely low.
|
Negligible.
|
Not relevant.
|
No
|
Schistosomes
|
Extremely low.
|
Negligible.
|
Zoonosis but no particular risk to zoo staff.
|
No
|
Paragonimus kellicotti
|
Extremely low.
|
Negligible.
|
Not relevant.
|
No
|
Diphyllobothrium latum
|
Very low.
|
Negligible.
|
Zoonosis but no particular risk to zoo staff.
|
No
|
Tunga penetrans
|
Extremely low.
|
Negligible likelihood of establishment beyond zoo, but moderate to high likelihood of spread if establishment did occur.
|
Mild.
|
No
|
Exotic ticks
|
High.
|
Moderate.
|
Dependent on species of tick and any disease agent it might carry.
|
Yes
|
