COMMERCE SS 2 THIRD TERM

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  Credit instrument
  
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  Functions of credits to; retailer and wholesalers.
  
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  Problems facing users of credit (buyer)
  
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  Problems facing business in granting (seller).
  

Students to collect newspaper cuttings of finance houses.

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  Profit, meaning, types, gross and net profit.
  
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  Calculation of gross and net profit from a given data.
  
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  Calculation of gross and net profit to turnover.
  

Students compute gross and net profit using the two approach.

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  Turnover, meaning, relationship of capital investment to turnover, factors that affect turnover.
  
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  Calculation of gross profit to turnover and net profit to turnover.
  
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  Variation in turnover in different types of business.
  

Students calculate the rate of turnover from a given data.

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  Definition, list and explain the branches of business law- law of contract, sale of goods, agency, hire purchase, employment.
  
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  Law of contract; meaning, basic elements/essentials of a valid contract.
  
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  Parties to a contract, characteristics of an offer and termination of an offer, contract binding on a minor and contract void on a minor.
  
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  Types of misrepresentation mistakes.
  

Students write short notes on types of business law from the board.

Resources; publications on government regulations.

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  Types of contract voidable, formal and informal, oral and written, expressed and implied etc
  
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  Termination of a contract and remedies for breach of contract.
  
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  Sales of goods act; meaning, provisions of sale of goods act 1893, rights of the buyer and unpaid seller.
  

Students write short notes on types of business law from the board.

Resources; publications on government regulations.

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  Rights and duties of the agent and the principal.
  
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  Rights and obligation of employer and employees.
  
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  Government regulations of business—registration of business, patent right, trade mark, copy rights and intellectual property.
  

Students copy notes from the board.

Resources; articles and memorandum of association.

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  Organizational setup
  
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  Draw an organizational chart showing various positions.
  
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  Authority responsibility, accountability, span of control, delegation of authority, advantages and disadvantages of delegation of power/authority.
  

Students outline the departments in organization.

Resources; charts, diagrams.

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  Inter-intra-departmental communication, meaning, media of communication in inter and intra departmental communication.
  
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  Comparism, importance of inter and intra-departmental communication.
  
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  List the various media of communication.
  
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  Distinguish between the power of an individual and the power of an office.
  

Students outline the departments in organization.

Resources; charts, diagrams.

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  Business- meaning of business and meaning of management.
  
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  Business resources; meaning and examples- human, money, machine, materials, opportunities, goodwill.
  
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  Business objectives.
  
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  Management of business, functions of management (planning, organizing, etc)
  

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  Departments, departmentalization, function.
  
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  Business and its environment.
  
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  Social responsibilities of business- scholarship awards, employment of people in the community, etc
  
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  Responsibilities to community, government, shareholders and employee.
  

Students draw organizational chart in their notebooks.

Resources; charts, pictures, and newspaper cuttings.

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  Meaning, importance in functions in an economy.
  
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  Marketing concept, the four marketing mix.
  
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  Price mix; pricing policies e.g penetration, scheming.
  
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  Methods of promotion.
  

Students distinguish between market and marketing.

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  Definition and terms associated with waves. waves tide, currents, coast, swash etc and erosional processes (corrosion, attrition, solution and hydraulic action)
  
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  Erosional features of waves cape, bay cliff, caves, stock, etc
  
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  Coastal deposition (beaches, spit bar etc)
  
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  Coastal deposition (beaches, spit, bar etc)
  

- Meaning and characteristics of waves, tides and currents

- guide discussions of erosional processes and coastal landforms

- help students identify and describe features of coastal erosion and deposition.

- Guides and supervises students as they make annotated diagrams of landforms

- Takes students on field work to observe features of wave erosion and deposition

- Bring pictures of coastal landforms to school

- Participate in guided tour to observe coastal landforms.

Instructional Materials : Films, Pictures, Models, slides, Sketches and Annotated diagrams.

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  Climatic types (hot, temperate, cold, desert etc
  
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  Characteristics(temperature, rainfall, etc)
  
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  Geographical distribution
  

- Uses the globe, maps, diagrams and sketches to explain climatic factors and their influence on weather and

climate

- Guides class discussions on :

- characteristics of major climatic types

- their geographic distribution and influence of climatic types on human activities

- classification of climate

- Takes students on a study trip to a meteorological stations

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  Greek classification(torrid, temperate and frigid), geographical distributions merits and elements.
  
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  Koppen classification (A, B, C, D, E and sub categories Af, Am, Aw, Bs, Bw, Cw, Cs, CF, DF, ET and EF )
  
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  Advantage and disadvantages of Koppen classification
  

- Draw diagrams and sketches to show the effects of latitude, planetary winds, pressure, ocean currents, distance from the sea etc on climate.

- Draw a map of the world showing the distribution of climatic types/ regions

- Draw a map of the world showing Greek climatic classification system, and that, showing koppen’s classification

Maps, slides/power points, drawing paper, sketches and diagrams. Colour pencils , Tracing paper

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  Meaning of environmental resources and types (atmospheric-sun, wind, rain, gases etc,)
  
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  Water resources-meaning, types/examples and uses
  
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  Vegetation resources ; meaning types example and uses
  

- Components of each type of environmental resources

- Quality of human resources in relation to size, skilled and unskilled human resources, education and health etc,

- uses and importance of environmental resources

- Uses pictures, charts and maps to explain the meaning of environmental resources

Students :

Draw a table indicating the types of resources

- Components of the resources, their sources and uses.

Instructional Materials

- illustrative diagrams and sketches

- Documentaries

- Maps

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  Mineral resources; meaning, types, uses and the problem of mineral exploitation.
  
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  Land resources; meaning, types soils, plateau, etc and their uses.
  
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  Human resources: meaning, types human capital, population, technology etc), uses etc
  

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  Meaning and types of renewable and non-renewable resources
  
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  Advantages of renewable and non-renewable resources
  
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  Disadvantages of renewable and non-renewable resources
  

- Initiates and guide students discussions on advantages and disadvantages of the types.

- Takes students on field tour to identify renewable and non renewable resources in their community.

Students : Participate in field work

- Watch documentaries of renewable and non-renewable resources

- Tabulate resources as renewable and non renewable resources.

Instructional Materials :

- illustrative diagrams and sketches

- Documentaries

- Maps

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  Meaning and types (drought, desert encroachment, pollution, deforestation, soil erosion; meaning, causes, effects and solutions.
  

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  Coastal Erosion: Meaning, areas affected, causes effects and solutions
  
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  Flooding; meaning, causes, effect and solutions.
  
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  Deforestation; Meaning, area affected, causes, effects and solutions.
  
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- Uses pictures and documentaries to guide students discussion of ;

- Environmental problems and their effect on human activities

- Solution to the problems

- Takes students on field work to observe environmental problems and their causes.

Students :

- Observe environmental problems in their community

- Watch documentary films of environmental problems

Instructional Materials :

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  Documentaries
  
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  Maps
  
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  Photocopies
  
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  Video clips/tapes
  

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  Pollution : Meaning and types (land pollution)
  
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  Water Pollution; meaning, causes, effects and solutions.
  
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  Air and noise Pollution; Meaning, causes, effect and solutions.
  

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  Meaning and types/methods, afforestation/re-afforestation,, cover cropping improved farming techniques, environmental education, recycling
  
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  Methods of environmental conservation, improved farming methods.
  

- Uses pictures, charts and maps to explain the meaning of environmental conservation

- Initiates and guides discussions on ;

- Types of environmental conservation

- Needs and importance of environmental conservation

Students :

Listen to teacher and participate in discussion

Environmental education :

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  Recycling
  
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  Importance of environmental education
  

- Documentaries

- Maps

- Video clips/tapes