Ehvac: Wireless Modular Multi-Zone hvac controller Group b javier Arias Ryan Kastovich Genaro Moore Michael Trampler



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Section 2: Project Description




2.1 Project Motivation and Goals

The reality of the average Americans lifestyle in the 21st century is such that there are large units of time where there is nobody home. With a traditional bimetallic spring thermostat, the air conditioning unit runs throughout the day cooling the house with no inhabitants thus wasting energy. One way people try to save energy is by raising the set point on the thermostat when they are not home; however this is a manual adjustment which must be repeated everyday and due to the fact that this is manual, the thermostat will remain set at the high temperature at which it was set while the person was not home. Due to this, the house is very warm and requires in excess of an hour after the person returns home for it to be cooled to a comfortable level.


The motivation of this project stems behind the inefficient and labor intensive qualities of a bimetallic spring thermostat. When researching a standard digital thermostat the group found them to be woefully lacking in useful features and capabilities for their users. Thus, the idea came about to create an HVAC Control system that will utilize a sophisticated system that is much more than a simple thermostat. Another large scale issue that drove us to select this project was the lackluster power saving features of a standard digital thermostat. Finally, the cost of a web-enabled intelligent thermostat is so excessive that is becomes prohibitive to the technology.

Based on the perceived problems with a standard thermostat system, our group determined that a more efficient, user friendly, and feature rich HVAC Control system needs to be designed. This HVAC control system needs to be a low cost, drop-in replacement for a currently installed system. The controller will be programmable and modular such that it lowers electrical costs through intelligent control of the AC unit and is adaptable to any household environment. As well, the controller will be accessible through the internet. The user will also be able to control the HVAC system through any standard web browser.


One of the major goals of the proposed system is to be able to schedule temperature set points in advance so whereas the user would not have to manually set the temperature every day. Another specialized feature of the system is that the thermostats will monitor more than just temperature. It will be able to monitor humidity, and CO2 readings. A feature of the proposed system is wireless connectivity between each Remote Sensing Module (Thermostat) and the Main Control Unit for the purpose of allowing the user to interface directly to the main control unit without the need of a separate computer. Finally, the control system will take all data from the Remote Sensing Modules and store them into a web server. The user will be able to view this data in a useful, graphical format.

2.2 Objectives

The objective of the project at hand is to create a fully functioning HVAC control system that can satisfy the following requirements:




  • The capability of the system to connect to the internet.

  • This system must have functioning and accurate CO2, temperature, and Humidity sensors.

  • The ability to allow multiple users to connect to the online web server simultaneously and control multiple zones without issues.

  • Zone configurations that will allow for adjusting temperature settings, regulating weekly schedules all while connected to the online GUI.

  • The capability of viewing detailed historical reports of the system, current indoor and outdoor temperatures, set point readings, and humidity readings.

  • The capability of having wireless connectivity from each Remote Sensing Module to the Main Control unit without the need of a computer.

  • The system must be backwards compatible with any standard HVAC system already in place.

  • The system should be able to detect any safety hazards internal to the HVAC system and respond accordingly to reduce damage to the system and/ or the user.

  • The Thermostats will be able to function as an HMI (Human Machine Interface).



2.3 Project Requirements and Specifications

The reason we settled on the following requirements as shown in the list below was due to the level of fine-grained controls we sought to achieve. After multiple discussions about our requirements for the HVAC system we have created a list of what we feel was satisfactory to accomplish this project in its entirety. The following list shows our requirements for display accuracy for our HVAC Controller:




  • Temperature ±0.5°C

  • Humidity ±5%

  • CO2 ±500 ppm

The next list shows our Sensor Accuracy:


  • Temperature ±0.125°C

  • Humidity ±5% relative

  • CO2 At least ±500 ppm

  • Sampling Rate 0.5Hz

Finally, our requirements for the System accuracy for the HVAC Controller are as follows:




  • Temperature ±0.25°C

  • Humidity ±5%

As per the above requirements, we have created a list of specifications to satisfy these set requirements. For the Thermostat (RSM) we feel the specifications as follows are appropriate:




  • 1 CO2 Sensor with accuracy ±500 ppm

  • 1 Humidity Sensor with accuracy ±5% relative

  • 1 Temperature Sensor with accuracy ±0.125°C

  • Sampling Rate of 0.5Hz

  • 1 8/16 Bit Microcontroller

  • 1 LCD for displaying temperature and humidity readings

  • Operating Temperature Range of 20-50°C

  • 1 Rotary Encoder

  • 3 Momentary on push button switches

  • 2.4 GHz Radio

  • I2C, SPI support

For the Main Control Unit the group feels the following specifications are appropriate:




  • 2.4Ghz Radio

  • Ethernet enabled

  • I2C, SPI, UART support

  • External Flash Storage Support (i.e. microSD)

  • SQL (Structured Query Language) support

  • Web Server w/CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

  • 1 8/16 Bit Microcontroller

  • 1 ARM microprocessor

  • Triac components for switching

  • Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC)


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