Elaboration of a strategy to integrate training on adaptation to climate change within the educational system of cameroon
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4.1.3.2 University of BueaDEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE BSc degree programme in Environmental Science ENV 204: Climatology and Biogeography 6 Credits (40–10–10)Objectives: To examine the basic climatic elements and show how climate affects the biogeography of the globe. Course also aims at elaborating the functional relationship between living and non-living things with stress on the prevailing climatic conditions and bio-geographical realms. Content: Atmospheric temperatures and moisture; precipitation distribution; Global distribution of climates; global climatic change and past climate; influence of climatic change on animal and plant life; Threatened forests and woodlands; Fundamental principles and concepts of biogeography; major biotic zones; soil types and development, as well as disruptive influence of man on the environment. Outcome: A deep understanding of the climatology and biogeography of any region and human impact on the environment. MSc degree programme in Environmental Science ENV 609: Global Commons, Natural Disaster and Environmental Risk Management 6 credits (40 – 10 – 10) Objectives: To examine the ways in which global changes pose challenges for environmental science, the responses through International Environmental Law, and approaches of education for a sustainable future. Content: On managing commons; International environmental law and soft law in action; Common heritage and global ethics; Regime theory and sustainability; The UN commission on sustainable development; Education for a sustainable future and impediments to education for sustainability; The concepts of safety and risk management; Communication and the role of experts in risk management; Natural hazards and disasters; the major natural disasters of the world; tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, floods, mass movements and desertification; Areas and populations most prone to natural hazards; monitoring and predicting risks from natural disasters; structures for managing and mitigating disasters; Case studies of major disasters and lessons to be learnt; Future perspectives of disaster management and drawbacks. Outcomes: Appreciate the nature, frequencies, management and impacts of natural disasters globally with particular attention to those that are common in Africa and Cameroon in particular. DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY BSc degree programme in Geology GLY 304: Environmental Geology and Remote Sensing 6 credits (40-10-10) Objectives: To examine aspects of Environmental Geology within a changing climate especially those with disastrous consequences on life, man, and on the environment. The course also treats methods of monitoring, controlling and possible prevention of, and mitigation against natural and man-made hazards. Content : Introduction and scope of Environmental Geology; Natural disasters: Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, volcanic gas releases, floods, and landslides; The science of climate change and variability; Causes and impacts of climate change; Mitigation and adaptation options to climate change; Aspects of environmental hazards in Cameroon and in selected regions of the world; Types and uses of aerial photographs; Principles of remote sensing; Active and passive systems; Remote sensing techniques and their geological applications. Outcomes: Identify various hazards and interpret basic remote sensing images. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BSc degree programme in Agriculture 5. AGR 301: Agroclimatology Objective: To equip the students with knowledge of the physical forces and the dynamic elements of weather and climate as they effect agricultural production. Content: Composition and structure of the atmosphere; radiation and heating of the earth-atmosphere systems; atmospheric moisture, pressure and wind systems; rainfall patterns; climate diagrams and crop and livestock distribution; temperature and water stress in the physiology of plants; climate change and crop adaptation; effect of climate on livestock and livestock acclimatization. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY BSc degree programme in Chemistry CHM 402: Chemistry and the Environment 6 credits (40-10-10) Objectives: To introduce the parameters used to describe ecosystems (air, water, soil) and their disturbances which are shown to be predominantly chemical and discuss the effects of industrial wastes and such chemicals as fluorinated hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, pesticides, fungicides and herbicides. Content: The earth’s atmosphere in perspective; Composition of the earth’s atmosphere: Interaction of land, water, air and life in relation to environmental pollutants; Particles, aerosols, clouds and cyclic processes; Pollutants in the environment (air, water, soil); Toxicity and risk assessment of environmental pollution; Principles of toxicology; effects of pollutants in animals and plants; Ozone depletion; oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur (Greenhouse gases); global warming; Acid rain; heavy metals and inorganic pollutants in soils; radionuclides, mineral fibres and particles smoke hydrocarbons; smog, organic solvents, organic halides (pesticides, PCB’s, PAH’s and dioxins); fungicides, herbicides, natural organophosphorus, sand carbamate pesticides; Wastes sources, treatment and disposal; sewage treatment; Oil pollution; natural resources and energy; Analysis and monitoring of pollutants: chromatographic techniques, atomic absorption, chemical analysis. Outcomes: Knowledge of chemical processes underlying important atmospheric phenomena such as acid rain, pollution, ozone depletion and global warming. DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS BSc degree programme in Physics PHY205: Thermodynamics and Structure of Matter 6 credits (40-10-10) Objectives: To acquire a deep understanding of: thermodynamic cycles and equations of state, the first and second laws of thermodynamics as well as kinetic theory of gases and properties of materials. Content: Temperature: macroscopic and microscopic variables, Zeroth law of thermodynamics, Temperature scales and thermometers, The gas thermometer; Equations of state: the ideal gas, Heat, work and the first law of thermodynamics, Heat capacity and specific heat capacity, First law of thermodynamics, Work and PV diagrams of a gas, The equipartition of energy, Thermal properties and processes, Thermal expansion, Change of phase and latent heat, Van der Waal’s equation and liquid vapour isotherms and heat transfer, Availability of energy, Heat engines and the second law of thermodynamics, Reversibility, Carnot engine, Absolute temperature scale, Entropy, Entropy change, Entropy and availability of energy, Molecular interpretation of entropy; Structure of matter: Interaction of molecules, Interaction with walls (gaseous state), interaction with cohesive molecules in their place (solid state); Structure of liquids: surface tension phenomenon, Solid state physics – kinds of crystal lattices, Defects in crystals and heat capacity. Outcomes: Apply the laws of thermodynamics to physical problems for example in the construction of thermometers, heat engines (automobiles) and also have a broader understanding of the structure and properties of matter. MSc degree programme in Physics PHY 604: Dosimetry and Radiation Biophysics 6 Credits (40-20-0) Objectives: To give the effects of ionizing radiation on biophysical material from molecular interactions, through sub-cellular and cellular levels of organization, to the response of tissues, organs and the whole body; Includes the application of radiation biology in oncology and the biological aspects of environmental radiation exposure. The course will also treat Radiation Physics covers the concepts of radiation, its production, detection, measurement and interaction with matter and properties. Content: The Bohr atomic model: Scattering of radiation and emission of radiation, Angular distribution of photons and larmor relationship, Production of X-Rays, X-Ray spectra; Targets, Absorption of waves and attenuation coefficients, Thompson scattering, photoelectric effect, pair production, Compton effect, scattering cross sections and atomic. DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY AND ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY MSc degree programme in fish and animal production FAP 619: ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY 6 credits (40-10-10) Objective: To find out how aspects of the climatic environment affect the animal environment in order to maintain homeothermy. Course Content: Homeothermy, heat production (thermogenesis), basal metabolism, standard metabolism, temperature regulation, heat loss and physiological regulation of heat loss. Water metabolism, adaptation in different domestic species. The influence of high temperature on production. The relationship between high ambient temperature and milk yields. Endocrine control of lactation. PhD degree programme in Fisheries FIS 708: Global Issues in Hydrobiology and Fisheries 6 credits (40 0 20) Objective: To assess the effects of different environmental and socio-economic factors on fisheries exploitation Course content: Effect of climatic changes, deterioration of aquatic habitats; aquatic pollution and restoration technologies, convention on biological diversity, uncontrolled exploitation of species and loss of geological property in developing countries. Socio-economic aspects.MSc degree programme in Zoology ZOO 601: Environmental Physiology of Animals 6 Credits (40-10-10) Objective: To study the adaptation of different animal groups to their environments and the mechanisms involved in responding to environmental parameters. Content: Adaptations of different animal groups to their various environments: respiratory, locomotory, sensory and integumentary adaptations. Mechanisms for responding to changes in environmental parameters - thermoregulation, osmoregulation, aestivation, hibernation, etc. Physiological consequences of environmentally imposed behaviour - aggregation, dispersal, migration, etc; effects on growth, reproduction, etc. DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY BSc degree programme in Geography 1. Geo 313: Climatology Objective: This course is designed to equip students with the understanding of the concept of energy and water balance, the dynamics of the atmosphere, major air masses, weather phenomena, weather forecasting, the physical forces and the basic elements of climatology. Content: This course cover concepts of energy and water balance, dynamics of the atmosphere, atmospheric processes and water systems, energy balance of west Africa, atmospheric disturbances and general circulation of the atmosphere, climatology of the middle and high latitudes of the world, major air masses of the world, air mass climatology and front genesis, violent connective phenomena and weather forecasting. 2. GEO 403: Advanced Climatology Objective: The course is designed to give students an understanding of the world patterns of climate, macro and macro-climates as well as climatic change. Content: World pattern of climates, tropical climates and their characteristics, tropical circulation, urban climates, evidences and theories of climatic change. Outcomes: At the end of the course, students should be able to apply the different climatic concepts and laws to specific regions of the globe at the Macro, Meso and Micro levels; understand the complexities involved in the classification of climates and acquire skills used to classify climates within a Micro scale. 3. GEO 404: Applied Climatology Objective: The course is designed to provide knowledge on the influence of climate on man and economic activities. Content: Elements of agro-climatology, bioclimatology, hydrometeorology, climate and construction, climate and clothing, atmospheric pollution, climate hazards and impacts on man, management of climatic resources and weather control. Outcomes: At the end of this course, students should be able to understand how climate influences people’s health and their activities. They should also acquire skills to understand how knowledge of climate can be applied to water, health, agriculture architectural design and urban planning. MSc degree programme in Geography 4. GEO 611: Advanced Climatology Objectives: This course is designed to equip students with skills and methods of climatic studies and the dynamics of climatology. Content: This course deals with radiation theory, concepts and models in micro-climatology with particular emphasis on the energy and water balance at the earth-atmosphere boundary layer, statistical methods in climatology and weather forecasting. Climatological issues. 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