Environmental and social assessment
Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
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Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation MeasuresGeneralThe IWT is an environmentally friendly mode of transport compared to road and rail in terms of energy consumption and greenhouse gases emission. The negative impacts associated with the Project are mostly related to dredging activities for maintenance of navigation routes. However, the extent of dredging to be carried out under the navigation maintenance (5 to 6 million m3 of dredging annually) is very limited compared to the annual sediment load of one billion tonnes carried out by the Lower Meghna. Similarly, the 76.22 m width of channel to be dredged is also very less compared to the width of the Lower Meghna which varies from 5 to 12 km. The impacts of dredging and its placement on the aquatic and terrestrial habitat can be minimized by adapting mitigation measures presented in this chapter. The other significant negative impacts of the Project will mostly result from the construction and operation of river terminals, and construction of vessel shelters and landing stations, training institute, pilot river training works. A summary of these impacts and mitigation measures are presented in this chapter. Environmental Code of Practices (ECoPs) have been prepared and annexed to the EMF to manage all construction related impacts of the Project. Detailed ESIA studies will be conducted for terminals, landing stations, pilot river training works, and site specific EMPs will be prepared during the first year of implementation. Impact Assessment MethodologyPotential environmental and social impacts were identified through field visits and stakeholder consultations. The significance of potential impacts was assessed using the following criteria: Impact Magnitude: The potential impacts of the project have been categorized as major, moderate, minor or negligible on the basis of parameters such as: (a) duration of the impact; (b) spatial extent of the impact; (c) reversibility; (d) likelihood; and (e) legal standards and established professional criteria. Sensitivity of Receptor: The sensitivity of a receptor has been determined based on review of the population (including proximity/numbers/vulnerability) and presence of features on the site or the surrounding area. Each detailed assessment has defined sensitivity in relation to the topic. Assigning Significance: Following the assessment of magnitude, the quality and sensitivity of the receiving environment or potential receptor has been determined and the significance of each potential impact established using the impact significance matrix shown in Table 7. Table 7: Significance of Impact Criteria
Summary of Assessed ImpactsThe project’s potential impacts and their significance have been assessed using the methodology described in Section 7.2 above. A summary of these impacts and their significance is presented in Table 8. Table 8: Potential impacts and their significance
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