Environmental Best Practice Port Development: An Analysis of International Approaches
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- 6. 7.Site selection and master planning
- 7.2Considerations in site selection
- 7.2.2Emerging additional drivers of site selection
- 7.2.3Overall site selection factors – moving towards best practice
5.7SummaryThe study found that best practice was most prevalent where there was a strong regulatory and policy environment for the port sector set by government and good governance of ports. Regulation and good governance provide a framework for identifying and managing environmental risks and driving continuous improvement. Incentive programs and awards and stakeholder engagement can also enable data sharing, enable community concerns to be considered and addressed, and provide motivation and encouragement to ports to improve environmental performance. These approaches are also applicable to the Australian context. 6.7.Site selection and master planning7.1IntroductionDetailed site selection and comprehensive master planning are considered fundamental for the sound management of environmental values at and around port facilities. These activities are typically undertaken as part of the very early stages of the port development cycle as seen in Figure . This figure also highlights the importance and central role of ‘adaptive management’ throughout all phases of the port development cycle. Figure Site selection and master planning in the port development cycle This section details site selection and master planning elements considered fundamental to good environmental management at seaports. It draws upon lessons from international examples where direct environmental benefits have been evident.
7.2.1Historic drivers of site selectionSite selection of port precincts throughout the world has historically been driven by three main elements: Existence or proximity to urban social catchments Proximity to minerals, resource, or agricultural economic catchments
The key drivers for the site selection of ports are:
7.2.2Emerging additional drivers of site selectionWhilst these drivers still exist, a number of different drivers are also emerging. In many cities for example, port relocations may be required to address problems associated with urban congestion. Examples such as the Dubai Ports World (DP World) development of ‘London Gateway’ in the lower reaches of the Thames Estuary, the Maasvlaktre 2 port expansion in Rotterdam, the proposed expansion of the Vancouver ports via the ‘Delta Port’ development, and the increasing reclamation of additional port lands in south western Singapore provide relevant examples. In Australia, this trend has also been witnessed – with Brisbane and Sydney providing examples, and to a lesser extent, Fremantle (Kwinana and Cockburn Sound precincts) and Melbourne (Port of Hastings development). The changing nature of port technology and emerging operational trends has also influenced this relocation movement. Examples include the move towards higher levels of containerisation for atypical containerised products bulk cereals and grains, construction products, break-bulk cargoes, and high value motor vehicles. 7.2.3Overall site selection factors – moving towards best practiceAdditional site selection factors should be considered in addition to traditional drivers as port developments move towards best practice, including key environmental factors, as well as social, economic factors. Most critically, environmentally best practice site selection of ports should be based on well founded and aligned, strategic planning policy that avoids short-term decisions. This is further detailed in Table below. Table Site selection considerations
A more comprehensive consideration of social, economic and environmental factors, and the interrelationship between these factors, will help avoid long-term and prolonged legacy issues for the operations of the port and its environment. For example, these issues could include:
Environmental considerations in the site selection phase of port development should be undertaken early and given equal weighting to social and economic factors. In addition to the more traditional industry and engineering skill sets, site selection activities should be undertaken using a range of environmental specialists in a multidisciplinary approach, including those with skills in:
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