Eoc packet Review – Presidents us history
EOC Review Packet – Amendments US History
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- EOC Review Packet – Tariffs US History
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EOC Review Packet – Amendments US History Bill of Rights [1791] 1. 5 Freedoms – Religion, Press, Assembly, Petition, Speech (Congress can’t pass any law that restricts these rights) 2. Bear arms – “A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed” 3. Quartering Troops – government can’t force you to house soldiers 4. Search and seizure – government cannot search property without cause and a search warrant 5. Due Process – Accused have rights that cannot be restricted without due process 6. Speedy, fair trial – Accused have the right to a trial process that is conducted as fast as the court process will allow 7. Civil Suits – Right to trial in civil suits over more than $20 8. Bail and Punishment – no bail or punishment that is cruel or unusual 9. Power to the People – any other freedoms not restricted by the government are given to the people 10. Power to the States – any right not reserved for the federal government is given to the states
12. Presidential and Vice Presidential Elections – use separate ballots to vote for president and vice president so that they belonged to the same party – [1804] Civil War Amendments 13. Abolition of Slavery – Slavery now illegal in the United States – [1865] 14. Citizenship – Protects the rights of all citizens of the US and can’t restrict these rights without due process; also provides for equal protection of the laws among states – [1868] 15. Black Suffrage – voting rights cannot be denied on the basis of race – [1870] Progressive Amendments 16. Income Tax – allows the federal government to collect tax on income on a direct basis – [1913] 17. Direct Election of Senators – people elect Senators rather than the state legislatures – [1913] 18. Prohibition – prohibited the production, sale, and consumption of alcohol in the US – [1919] 19. Women’s Suffrage – women get the right to vote in national elections – [1920]
21. Repeal of Prohibition – allowed alcohol legally in the US, also first amendment to repeal previous – [1933] 22. Two Terms – the president’s term in office is limited to two terms or 10 years – [1951] 23. DC Electors – gave Washington DC electoral votes in the Electoral College – [1961] 24. Abolition of Poll Tax – prohibits requiring a tax being paid to vote in federal elections – [1964] 25. Presidential Succession – sets the order of succession if the president were to die in office or have to step down from office; also fills vacancy of vice president – [1967] 26. Voting Age – changed the voting age of all elections to 18 – [1971] 27. Congressional Pay Raises – Congress can vote for their own pay raises to take effect the next term – [1992] EOC Review Packet – Tariffs US History
EOC Review Packet – Important People US History John Jay- 1st U.S. Chief Justice; also negotiated Jay’s Treaty with Great Britain (established America’s claim for payment regarding impressments measures by the British, and also gave Americans a legitimate right to trade within the West Indies) John Marshall- 4th U.S. Chief Justice; U.S. diplomat to France during the XYZ Affair; presided over Marbury V. Madison; was a Federalist Alexander Hamilton- Washington’s Sec. of the Treasury; Federalist and political opponent of Thomas Jefferson; killed by Aaron Burr (duel) Tecumseh- Shawnee Indian chief; untied his followers into a confederacy, and engaged American general William Henry Harrison at the Battle of Tippecanoe; brother was named the Prophet Eli Whitney- Invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts Abigail Adams- Wife of John Adams, the 2nd president of the U.S. Charles Pinckney- U.S. diplomat to France during the XYZ Affair Henry Clay- Nicknamed “The Great Compromiser” for his roles in negotiating both the Missouri Compromise (1820) and the Compromise of 1850; founder of the American System; War Hawk; favored the creation of the 2nd Bank of the U.S. John C. Calhoun- War Hawk from South Carolina; strong advocate of slavery, and was directly responsible for the Nullification Crisis, which helped ignite the path to the Civil War Lewis and Clark- Legendary explorers who explored the pacific northwest after the purchase of the Louisiana territory from France (1803); accompanied by Sacajawea Francis Scott Key- Wrote the Star Spangled banner during the War of 1812 Stephen F. Austin- Famous empresario; nicknamed the “Father of Texas” Samuel Morse- perfected the telegraph (1832) and later Morse Code John Deere- Invented the steel plow Cyrus McCormick- Invented the mechanical reaper Robert Fulton- Invented the steamboat William Lloyd Garrison- Abolitionist leader, and publisher of The Liberator Frederick Douglass- Abolitionist leader and former slave; was a friend of President Lincoln; publisher of The North Star Nat Turner- Enslaved minister who thought God had called him to free the slaves; led a revolt and killed more than 50 white men before being captured and hung Demark Vesey- Free African-American woodsman who was accused of starting a fire, and then later hanged Dorothea Dix- Created the first American mental institutions Horace Mann- American educational reformist from Massachusetts Elizabeth Cady Stanton- Worked with Lucretia Mott to organize the Seneca Falls Convention, which took place in New York, and focused on women’s rights (1848) Sojourner Truth- African American abolitionist who went around issuing lectures focusing on the evils of slavery Susan B. Anthony- Leading advocate for women’s suffrage Sarah and Angelina Grimke- South Carolina sisters who opposed slavery and moved North to relay their message David Walker- African American from North Carolina, who wrote “Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World” Charles Grandison Finney- Prominent Presbyterian minister during the 2nd Great Awakening; founder of modern revivalism Harriet Tubman- Primary conductor of the Underground Railroad Charles Sumner- Massachusetts Senator and abolitionist; opposed the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and was canned on the Senate floor because of it (by Andrew P. Butler) John Brown- Abolitionist who staged the infamous raid on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA; captured and hung Harriet Beecher Stowe- Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin Jefferson Davis- President of the Confederate States of America John Wilkes Booth- Assassinated President Lincoln Robert E. Lee- Confederate general from VA; Lost the Battle of Gettysburg, and later surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox House Ulysses S. Grant- Lead Union General; Lincoln’s friend and advisor; future president who presided over a scandal ridden tenure in office George McClellan- Union commander who preceded General grant; waged the Peninsula Campaign against the Confederates (largely unsuccessful) Stonewall Jackson- Confederate general and close friend of General Lee; earned his nickname at the 1st Battle of Bull Run; accidentally shot by his own men at the Battle of Chancellorsville William Tecumseh Sherman- Union commander; led the infamous March to the Sea, in which he destroyed various parts of the Carolinas and burned Atlanta to the ground Winfield Scott- Mexican-American war general; Union general during the Civil War who designed the “Anaconda Plan for dealing with the Confederate States of America Thaddeus Stevens- Radical Republican Representative from PA, who opposed reconciliation with the South Booker T. Washington- African American educator and civil rights advocate; founded the Tuskegee Institute (Alabama); favored education goals over political or legal ones ; Atlanta Compromise Joseph Smith- Founder of the Mormon religion (1830’s)- moved them from New England to Illinois before being murdered Brigham Young- Took over as leader of the Mormon religion after the death of Smith; moved the group to Utah Chief Joseph- Nez Perce chief who favored who refused to move from his lands in Idaho, but favored peaceful resolutions to the conflicts between Native Americans and white settlers rather than violent ones Sitting Bull- Chief of the Lakota Sioux; engaged and killed General George Armstrong Custer at the Battle of Little Bighorn (June 25th, 1876) William Jennings Bryan- Democratic leader, and staunch supporter of “free silver,”- “Cross of Gold Speech” Jacob Riis- Muckraker journalist; wrote “How the Other Half Lives,” which described disease and poverty in New York City immigrant neighborhoods Jane Addams- Founder of Hull House, America’s 1st settlement house Alexander Graham Bell- Invented the telephone Thomas Edison- Perfected the incandescent light bulb Horatio Alger- Former Massachusetts minister who moved to New York and wrote over 100 “rags-to-riches” novels focusing on individualism Frederick Olmstead- Landscape architect Andrew Carnegie- Wealthy philanthropist and Robber Baron; founder of Carnegie, later U.S. Steel; wrote “The Gospel of Wealth”; vertical integration John D. Rockefeller- Robber baron; founder of Standard Oil; horizontal integration J. P. Morgan- Broker and financial specialist Cornelius Vanderbilt- Railroad Robber baron; New York Central Railroad George Westinghouse- American entrepreneur and engineer; invented the railroad air brake and was a pioneer of the electrical industry (rival of Edison’s) Herbert Spencer- Philosopher who applied Darwin’s theory of evolution to various aspects of society (Social Darwinism) Samuel Gompers- Founded the American Federation of Labor Eugene Debs- Leader of the American Railway Union; follower of Socialism- American Socialist Party Boss Tweed- Leader of the corrupt new York City political machine known as Tammany Hall Thomas Nast- Father of American political cartoons Alfred Mahan- U. S. naval admiral; published The Influence of Sea Power Upon History, 1660-1783 , which helped prompt the U.S. naval build-up before WWI Frederick Jackson Turner- American historian who wrote, The Significance of the Frontier in American History Josiah Strong- Popular American minister during the late 1800’s, who promoted the concept of Anglo-Saxonism (English speaking nations were superior)- ties in with Imperialism Queen Liliuokalani- Queen of Hawaii who disliked American influence in Hawaii; forced out of power by a group of planters Commodore George Dewey- Naval commander during the Spanish-American War (he took the Philippines from the Spanish) Teddy Roosevelt- Commander of the Rough Riders during the Spanish-American War (instrumental in the victory at San Juan Hill); 26th U.S. President; “Walk Tall and Carry a Big Stick”; trust-busting president who used a program called the Square Deal to clean up American society; was a Progressive; negotiated the Treaty of Portsmouth, which earned him a Nobel prize and ended the Japanese-Russo War William Randolph Hearst- Owner of the New York Journal, who used sensational, yet oftentimes exaggerated stories known as “Yellow Journalism” alongside Joseph Pulitzer during the Spanish-American War Pancho Villa- Leader of Mexican bandits, who caused President Woodrow Wilson and General John J. Pershing considerable trouble in the early 1900’s Ida Tarbell- Muckraker Journalist who exposed the corrupt dealings of Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Company Lincoln Steffens- Muckraker who focused on the corrupt dealings of political machines Upton Sinclair- Muckraker who wrote The Jungle Carrie Nation- Member of the American Temperance movement, which sought to eliminate the production and consumption of alcohol Robert Lafollette- Republican politician from Wisconsin, whose ideas focusing on direct primaries, eventually led to the state being nicknamed the “laboratory of democracy”; was a Progressive W.E.B. DuBois- African American civil rights leader; wrote The Souls of Black Folk; very focused on gaining voting rights for African Americans Ida B. Wells- African American civil rights leader from TN; launched an anti-lynching campaign through writing in the Memphis Free Speech newspaper Marcus Garvey- African American leader from Jamaica, who promoted the concept of “Negro Nationalism”; founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association or UNIA Wright Brothers- 1st successful airplane flight; Kitty Hawk, NC (1903) Henry Ford- American businessman who created the 1st actual automobile, the Model-T (1908); used the assembly line; introduced new employment based reforms such as an 8 hr. workday and $5.00 per day Archduke Francis Ferdinand- Heir to the Austrian-Hungarian throne, whose assassination by Serbian nationalists prompted the beginning of WWI Kaiser Wilhelm- German ruler during WWI Jeanette Rankin- 1st woman ever elected to Congress (Representative from Montana) John J Pershing- American military leader; tracked Pancho Villa in the months leading up to WWI; commander of the American Expeditionary Force during WWI Henry Cabot Lodge- American politician and historian; supporter of the eugenics movement; disliked the league of nations and supported immigration restrictions Herbert Hoover- 31st U.S. president; followed Harding and Coolidge as president, and had served as the U.S. Commerce Secretary under both; president during the onset of the Great Depression Bernard Baruch- Stockbroker, and head of the War Industries Board during WWI (told manufacturers what they could and couldn’t produce) George Creel- Journalist and head of the Committee of Public Information during WWI (he was supposed to sway public opinion in favor of the war)- established the “Four-Minute Men” A. Mitchell Palmer- U.S. Attorney General during the Red Scare (post WWI); established the General Intelligence Division in the U.S. Department of Justice and appointed J. Edgar Hoover to lead it (it would eventually become the FBI); also organized the Palmer Raids, which were designed to flush out anyone, particularly immigrants, with Communist based ideals Sacco & Vanzetti- Two Italian immigrants who were accused of murdering two men outside of the Slater & Morrill Shoe Company (Massachusetts); accused of being anarchists (people who oppose government rule) and were eventually executed; one of the major issues concerning the ideas of Nativism in the U.S. John L. Lewis- Head of the United Mine Worker’s Union, later helped form the Committee for Industrial Organization or CIO Albert Fall- Secretary of the Interior under president Warren G. Harding; became the first cabinet official to ever go to prison after his illegal participation in the Teapot Dome Scandal Langston Hughes- Famous African American writer, and one of the leading figures during the period known as the Harlem Renaissance Louis Armstrong- Famous African American musician, who became the 1st great cornet and trumpet soloist in Jazz music- “Cornet Chop Suey” Babe Ruth- Famous baseball player, who was nicknamed the “Sultan of Swat” Charles Lindbergh- Pilot who flew the Spirit of St. Louis on the 1st Transatlantic flight in history Aimee Semple McPherson- Evangelical preacher, whose teachings were rooted in Fundamentalism, or creationism, (based in LA, and used theatrical props to get her message across) Billy Sunday- Former professional baseball player who turned into an evangelical, fundamentalist based preacher (on-stage, rapid fire like sermons) Margaret Sanger- One of the first female anthropologists; published Coming of Age in Samoa Father Coughlin- Detroit based Catholic priest; had a weekly radio show, and had originally been a supporter of FDR’s New Deal Program (however later he said that it was to moderate); Organized the National Union for Social Justice and favored a heavy progressive tax system, and the centralization of the banking system Huey Long- Nicknamed the “Kingfish”; organized the “Share Our Wealth” program to combat FDR’s bid for re-election in 1936 Frances Perkins- Friend of FDR, and the 1st female cabinet member ( she served as the U.S. Secretary of Labor) Dr. Francis Townsend- Public health official, who thought that elderly workers (60 and over) should retire and be paid $200 a month to free up jobs for younger unemployed workers Adolph Hitler- Chancellor/Dictator of Nazi Germany during the 1930’s-early 1940’s; anticommunist; admirer of Benito Mussolini, with whom he would later join, along with Japan, to form the Axis Powers during WWII; Nazi- National Socialist German Worker’s Party Benito Mussolini- Fascist dictator of Italy during WWII; Hitler’s all and friend ; maintained control through a militarized group of individuals called “blackshirts” Joseph Stalin- Communist dictator of the Soviet Union during WWII; Member of the Big Three along with FDR and Winston Churchill; distrustful of President Truman, and was unnerved when the president informed him that the U.S. had successfully tested and atomic bomb (Potsdam) Douglas McArthur- American general and Army Chief of Staff during the Hoover Administration; one of five men to ever be named General of the Army (2nd highest military honor); “sent” the Bonus Army home at the request of President Hoover; served in: WWI, WWII, and the Korean War; Commander of the U.S. army in the Pacific during WWII, and accepted the unconditional surrender of the Japanese; initially defended S. Korea from N. Korean forces until he was removed by President Truman George Patton- U.S. Army general who led the American forces in Morocco (Africa) during WWII, where he actually captured the key city of Casablanca; was also instrumental in capturing Sicily during WWII, and the Allied victory at the Battle of the Bulge J. Robert Oppenheimer- Nuclear scientist who actually developed the world’s first atomic bomb Chester Nimitz- U.S. Fleet Admiral in the pacific during WWII; leading U.S. authority on submarines Fidel Castro- Communists dictator of Cuba; Soviet Ally George Marshall- General of the Army during WWII, and chief military advisor to FDR; formulated the Marshall Plan to assist in the rebuilding of Europe after WWII Alger Hiss- U.S. State Department official who helped formulate the United Nations; accused of being a Soviet spy, and was eventually convicted or perjury Julius and Ethel Rosenberg- NY couple who were members of the Communist Party, they were charged with heading a Soviet spy ring and eventually executed Joseph McCarthy- Extreme Anti-Communist senator from Wisconsin, whose political theory call McCarthyism usually made unsubstantiated allegations against members of the U.S whom he thought might be spies (especially Democrats); he was eventually discredited by the Senate Rosa Parks- Civil Rights activist who led the Montgomery bus boycott Martin Luther King Jr.- Peaceful civil rights activist who sought equal treatment of African Americans in all aspects of life; assassinated by James Earl Ray shortly after giving his famous “I Have a Dream” speech Stokely Carmichael- African American civil rights activist who initially started out as the leader of the SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee); he would later rise to become a highly regarded member of the extreme activist group known as the Black Panthers; coined the term “ ”institutional racism” James Meredith- 1st black student to be admitted into the University of Mississippi (with some assistance from President John F. Kennedy) George Wallace- Governor of Alabama who supported segregation, especially after the violence in Birmingham erupted and Dr. king was jailed Thurgood Marshall-African American attorney who ended segregation with his victory in Brown v. Board of Education; would later become the 1st African American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court Earl Warren- Former Republican Governor of CA; appointed as the Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court by President Dwight D. Eisenhower; presided over: Brown v. Board of Education; Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S., Gideon v. Wainwright, Mapp v. Ohio, Miranda v. Arizona, and Escobedo v. Illinois Gloria Steinem- Advocate for women’s rights; editor of Ms. Magazine Phyllis Schafly- Organized the Stop-ERA campaign (Equal Rights Amendment) Cesar Chavez- Hispanic civil rights activist who focused on better rights for farm workers Betty Friedan- Started the Feminist Movement through her book entitled, The Feminine Mystique Robert McNamara- U.S. secretary of Defense during the Vietnam War; later became president of the World Bank Ho Chi Minh- Vietnamese revolutionary; established a Communist regime after overthrowing the French government in Indochina; founded the Vietminh; President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (N. Vietnam) General William Westmoreland- American commander in S. Vietnam; falsely stated that the U.S. was on the verge of winning the war John Glenn- American astronaut; 3rd American to enter space and the 1st to orbit around the Earth (Friendship 7) Neil Armstrong- American astronaut; 1st man to set foot on the moon Sam Ervin- North Carolina Senator; established the Senate’s Select Committee on Presidential Campaign Activities (played a major role in the investigation of president Richard Nixon and the Watergate Scandal) John Dean- White House Counsel to President Nixon; key witness in the investigation who pointed fingers at the president himself Woodward-Bernstein- Reporters who broke the news of the Watergate Scandal Yasser Arafat- Leader of the Palestine Liberation Organization; “worked” with President Clinton to try and find peace in the Middle East Menachem Begin- 6th Israeli Prime Minster; signed the Camp David Accords with President Jimmy Carter and Egyptian President Anwar Sadat Shah of Iran- Leader of Iran, who was a major supply of oil to the U.S. and a buffer to the spread of Communism against the Soviets; was eventually forced out by his own people and replaced by Ayatollah Khomeini who distrusted the U.S. (his forces eventually stormed the American embassy, took 52 hostages, and placed president carter in an unenviable position) Nelson Mandela- Antiapartheid activist, and the 1st fully elected president of S. Africa Mikhail Gorbachev- Soviet leader, who agreed to resume arms control talks after assuming the position in 1985; sought an economic rebirth for the Soviet Union and promised to cut back on Soviet arms production if Reagan gave up SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) or “Star Wars”; responsible for ending the Cold War and agreeing to tear down the Berlin Wall Saddam Hussein- Iraqi dictator; invaded oil rich Kuwait, and prompted the Persian Gulf War Sandra Day O’Conner- 1st woman on the U.S. Supreme Court Clarence Thomas- Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court; 2nd African American to be named to the court Directory: uploads uploads -> 587 Return function, r i(X) r i(0) r i(1) r i(2) r i(3) 1 0 2 4 6 Thermal Station, I 2 0 1 5 6 3 0 3 5 6 10 uploads -> Department of science and humanities department of mathematics part-a questions and answers uploads -> The Case Against the nypd’s Quota-Driven ‘Broken Windows’ Policing What Is It? uploads -> For want of a nail uploads -> Ownership Models There are two different types of ownership models uploads -> Police Militarization uploads -> City of rising star regular meting thursday, july 14, 2016 uploads -> Township of winfield uploads -> Stop Militarizing Law Enforcement Act of 2014 uploads -> The Black Panther Party’s Ten-Point Program What We Want Now! 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