Estates-General Three Estates


d. farthest extent of lands ruled directly by Napoleonic France



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d. farthest extent of lands ruled directly by Napoleonic France

e. regions that experienced the slowest demographic changes in the eighteenth century




48. The cartoon above illustrates which of the following?

a. Renaissance rejection of medieval Christianity

b. Late-eighteenth-century calls for the abolition of the Atlantic slave trade

c. Social inequalities under the Old Regime in France

d. Aristocratic hostility to Peter the Great’s efforts to westernize Russia



e. Napoleon’s suppression of the Spanish nationalist movement

49. The contemporary drawing able of the storming of the Bastille was intended to portray

a. aristocratic support for the old regime



b. popular participation in the revolutionary process

c. the determination of the military to resist change at any cost

d. peasants protesting high rents for land

e. the imprisonment of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette after the September Massacres


50. Napoleon Bonaparte’s repressive occupation sparked a violent popular revolt in

a. Spain

b. Italy


c. Austria

d. Poland

e. Great Britain
51. The basic goal of Napoleon’s Continental System was to

a. isolate Russia diplomatically



b. weaken England economically

c. unite France and Spain

d. unify Germany

e. conquer Italy


52. The meeting of the Estates-General in 1789 marked a significant step toward revolution in France because it

a. exposed the plans of Louis XVI to abdicate in favor of his son



b. provided a legitimate forum for critics of the Old Regime

c. included a proposal to confiscate noble estates to raise government revenue

d. revealed the extent of papal influence on the French royal family

e. gave the clergy and the nobility an opportunity to overthrow the monarchy


53. The cahiers (notebooks) written on the eve of the French Revolution served which of the following purposes?



a. To present grievances and proposals for reform

b. To form the basis of a new constitution and code of laws

c. To represent the guilds’ interests to the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie

d. To restore the aristocracy to a full partnership with the monarchy

e. To make the clergy responsible to the national bureaucracy
54. The American Revolution played a major role in European history because it

a. inspired the United Irish Rebellion

b. led Spain to repudiate its alliances with France and Great Britain

c. created a new balance of power in favor of Great Britain



d. precipitated the French fiscal crisis that led to the calling of the Estates-General

e. inspired England’s Glorious Revolution


Possible Essay Questions

’81: Napoleon I is sometimes called the greatest enlightened despot. Evaluate this assessment in terms of Napoleon I’s policies and accomplishments. Be sure to include a definition of enlightened despotism in your answer.


’84: “The essential cause of the French Revolution was the collision between a powerful, rising bourgeoisie and an entrenched aristocracy defending its privileges.” Assess the validity of this statement as an explanation of the events leading up to the French Revolution of 1789.
’86: To what extent and in what ways was the French Revolution during the period 1789 through the Reign of Terror (1794) an attempt to create a government based on Enlightenment ideals?
’89: “Political leaders committed to radical or extremist goals often exert authoritarian control in the name of higher values.” Support or refute this statement with reference to the political and cultural policies of Robespierre during the French Revolution.
’92: “Napoleon was a child of the Enlightenment.” Assess the validity of this statement. Use examples from both the Enlightenment and Napoleon’s attitudes and policies.
’96: Identify the major social groups in France on the eve of the 1789 Revolution. Assess the extent to which their aspirations were achieved in the period from the meeting of the Estates-General (May 1789) to the declaration of the republic (September 1792).
’03: How and to what extent did Enlightenment ideas about religion and society shape the policies of the French Revolution in the period 1789 to 1799?
’07: Identify the grievances of the groups that made up the Third Estate in France on the eve of the French Revolution, and analyze the extent to which ONE of these groups was able to address its grievances in the period 1789 to 1799.
’08: Analyze the ways in which the events of the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic period (1789–1815) led people to challenge Enlightenment views of society, politics, and human nature.
‘10B: Assess the ways in which women participated in and influenced TWO of the following: The Renaissance, The Reformation, The French Revolution.
’11: Analyze how the political and economic problems of the English and French monarchies led to the English Civil War and the French Revolution.
‘11B: Describe and analyze the impact of the rise of Russia on international relations in Europe in the period from 1685 to 1815.
’12: Analyze various ways in which government policies during the Revolutionary and Napoleonic era contributed to a greater sense of French national identity in the period 1789 to 1815.

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