Эумк по дисциплине «иностранный язык (английский)»для студентов заочной формы обучения специальностей

OUR UNIVERSITY 28

Kirby Wildlife Park 278

4 278

5 278

Coarse Fishing available.  Please call 0478 488377 for permit prices. 279

Contents 332

How to promote the spread of mobile phones among the world's poorest 367

WHAT IS LAW ? 404

THE COURT SYSTEM OF ENGLAND AND WALES 413

1. Самым распространённым судом общего права в Англии и Уэльсе является мировой суд. 414

2. Уголовные дела направляются на рассмотрение в суд Короны. 414

3. Гражданские дела рассматриваются в суде графств. 414

4. Высшим апелляционным судом является Палата лордов. 414

5. Апелляции заслушиваются в высших судебных инстанциях. 414

6. Правовая система включает суды для несовершеннолетних, суды коронеров. 414

7. Административные суды рассматривают вопросы профессиональной этики, разногласия между гражданскими лицами. 414

8. Некоторые дела направляются на рассмотрение в Европейский суд в Люксембурге. 414

9. уголовное право; 415

10. гражданское право; 415

11. мировой судья; 415

12. Суд короны; 415

13. гражданское дело; 415

14. суды графств; 415

15. Европейский суд по правам человека; 415

16. правовая система; 415

17. суд по делам несовершеннолетних; 415

18. правонарушение; 415

19. правонарушитель; 415

20. насильственная смерть; 415

21. развод; 415

22. налогообложение; 415

23. банкротство. 415

24. What two types of law exist in England and Wales? 415

25. In the United Kingdom, what is the difference between criminal and civil law? 416

26. What is the most common type of law court in England and Wales? 416

27. What cases are heard in magistrates' courts? 416

28. What are the other types of British courts? 416

29. What courts deal with serious criminal cases? 416

30. What courts deal with civil cases? 416

31. What is the highest court of appeal in England and Wales? 416

32. What cases do coroners’ courts and juvenile courts investigate? 416

33. What cases do tribunals deal with? 416

1. The law in England and Wales is divided into criminal law and civil law 416

2. Criminal law governs the relationships and transactions between citizens. 416

3. Administrative law cases are mostly heard in magistrates’ courts. 416

4. The magistrates' court is not common in England and Wales. 416

5. Minor criminal cases are heard in local magistrates' courts. 416

6. More serious criminal cases then go the County court. 416

7. Appeals are heard by lower courts. 416

8. There are 30 000 magistrates' courts and about 700 magistrates. 416

9. The highest court of appeal in England and Wales is the House of Lords 416

10. The legal system doesn’t include administrative tribunals 416

11. Tribunals deal with disputes between individuals, and disputes between individuals and government departments 416

12. Coroners’ courts deal with offenders under 17. 416

1. The law in England and Wales is… 416

2. Criminal law involves… 416

3. Civil law governs… 416

4. Administrative law is… 416

5. The most common type of law court in England and Wales is… 416

6. Offences are heard in… 416

7. More serious criminal cases go to… 416

8. Civil cases are dealt with… 416

9. Appeals are heard by… 416

10. The highest court of appeal is… 416

11. The legal system also includes… 416

12. Juvenile courts deal with…and coroners' courts investigate… 416

13. Tribunals deal with… 416

34. a bank robbery? 417

35. a divorce case? 417

36. a burglary committed by a fifteen-year-old? 417

37. a drowning? 417

38. a case of driving too fast? 417

THE COURT SYSTEM OF THE USA 418

39. В Америке система судебных органов подразделяется на федеральную судебную систему и судебную систему штата. 419

40. Верховный Суд может пересматривать решения суда штата. 419

41. Частные лица подпадают под юрисдикцию двух разных судебных систем. 419

42. Большинство дел разрешаются в судах штата. 419

43. По своей структуре федеральные суды напоминают пирамиду, у основания которой находятся окружные суды. 419

44. Аппелировать означает подать иск в высший суд. 419

45. Верховный Суд является судом последней инстанции. 419

46. сосуществовать; 420

47. частные лица; 420

48. суды штатов; 420

49. подать иск; 420

50. федеральные суды; 420

51. подавляющее большинство; 420

52. подпадать под юрисдикцию; 420

53. разрешить дело в судебном порядке; 420

54. ярус; 420

55. Верховный суд; 420

56. судебное разбирательство, тяжба; 420

57. окружные суды; 420

58. высшие суды; 420

59. аппеляционные суды; 420

60. исключение; 420

61. низшие суды; 420

62. рассматривать дело. 420

63. Why is the American court system complex? 420

64. Are state court systems identical? 420

65. Federal courts coexist with the state courts, don’t they? 420

66. In which courts can individuals sue or be sued? 420

67. In what way are the federal courts constructed? 420

68. Name American courts in the descending order. 420

69. Where does litigation begin? 420

70. What does the word «to appeal» mean? 420

71. What do the appellate courts review? 420

72. What are the functions of most federal courts? 420

73. What are the judges in federal courts known as ? 420

74. In the United States the judiciary is divided into the national ( federal ) and state judiciary. 420

75. State judicial systems are similar. 420

76. Federal courts coexist with the state courts. 420

77. Individuals fall under the jurisdiction of one court system. 420

78. Individuals can sue or be sued in both systems. 420

79. The vast majority of cases are resolved in the federal courts. 420

80. The federal courts are organized in two tiers. 421

81. At the bottom of the pyramid are the courts of appeals. 421

82. At the top is the US Supreme Court. 421

83. To appeal means to take a case to a lower court. 421

84. The appellate courts review cases that have been decided in lower courts. 421

85. In the is divided into United States the federal judiciary and state systems. 421

86. Each runs state court system its own. 421

87. The jurisdiction individuals of two fall under different systems courts. 421

88. Criminal and civil cases federal courts hear. 421

89. Majority the vast of cases resolved are courts in the state. 421

90. Three tiers in are organized the federal courts. 421

91. Litigation usually in the US district courts begins. 421

92. To take a case to appeal means to a higher court. 421

93. The judges are known as in federal courts generalists. 421

94. The American court system functions as ……. 421

95. Each state runs ……. 421

96. These federal courts coexist ……. 421

97. Individuals fall under ……. 421

98. The vast majority of cases……. 421

99. The federal courts……. 421

100. At the bottom of the pyramid……. 421

101. In the middle are……. 421

102. At the top there is………. 421

103. The appellate courts review……. 421

104. закон; законопроект; 423

105. чтение; 423

106. комитет, комиссия; 423

107. вносить изменения, вносить поправки; 423

108. королевская санкция; 423

109. царствующий монарх; 423

110. преобладать; 423

111. настойчивое несогласие. 423

1. Where does a new legislation start in Britain? 423

2. How many stages does a bill pass? 423

3. Is the first reading formal? What is the first reading for? 423

4. What is the second reading for? 423

5. Who examines the bill in detail after the second reading? 423

6. Where does the report stage take place? 423

7. Where does the bill go to after the third reading? 423

8. Who considers the amendments made to a bill by the House of Lords? 423

9. What happens if the House of Commons do not agree? 424

10. Who prevails in the event of persistent disagreement between the two houses? 424

11. Where does the bill finally go to? 424

12. Is the royal assent merely a formality? 424

13. Could the queen refuse her consent? 424

14. Who vetoed the unpopular Scottish Militia Bill in 1707? 424

1. New legislation in Britain usually starts in the House of Commons. 424

2. In each house a bill is considered in two stages, called hearings. 424

3. The first reading is not formal. 424

4. The second reading is usually the occasion for speech. 424

5. After the third reading the bill is examined in detail by a committee. 424

6. The bill is returned to one of the houses for the report stage. 424

7. If passed after its third reading, it goes to the other house. 424

8. Amendments made to a bill by the House of Commons must be considered by the Lords. 424

9. In the event of persistent disagreement between the two houses, Lords prevails. 424

10. Finally, the bill goes to the reigning monarch for the royal assent. 424

11. Nowadays the royal assent is merely a formality. 424

12. In practice the queen could not still refuse her consent. 424

13. The last monarch to use this power was Queen Anne, who vetoed the popular Scottish Militia Bill in 1707. 424

2. In each house a bill is considered in … 424

3. The first reading is purely .... 424

4. The second reading is ... 424

5. After the second reading the bill is ... 424

6. The bill is then returned to … 424

7. If passed after its third reading, it goes … 424

8. Amendments made to a bill by the House of Lords must be … 424

9. If the House of Commons do not agree, the bill is … 424

10. In the event of persistent disagreement between the two houses… 424

11. Finally, the bill goes to ... 424

12. Nowadays the royal assent is ... 424

13. In theory the queen could still refuse … 424

LAWMAKING PROCESS IN THE USA 425

1. Палата представителей 425

2. Сенат 426

3. Конгресс 426

4. Законодательная ветвь 426

5. Слушание 426

6. Цикл слушаний 426

7. Постоянный комитет 426

8. Общие прения 426

9. Большинство, составляющее две трети, 426

10. Право налагать вето 426

1. What is the structure of the US congress? 426

2. Who may initiate new legislation? 426

3. Where is the bill first introduced? 426

4. Who initiates hearings on the bill? 426

5. What are these hearings for? 426

6. Where is the bill referred afterwards if the standing committee passes the bill? 426

7. What is the next stage of passing the bill? 426

8. Is the process of committee hearings and general debate the same in the Senate? 426

9. What happens in cases of disagreement? 426

10. What committees examine the bill if it is passed by the Senate? 426

11. Who is the bill signed by? 426

12. What is the last stage of passing the bill? 426

13. The president doesn’t have the right to veto the bill, does he? 426

14. Can the bill still become a law if the president vetoes a bill? 426

112. The US Congress consists of two houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. 426

113. Only the president may initiate new legislation. 426

114. The bill is first introduced in the Senate. 426

115. The bill passes through a number of stages called readings. 426

116. The House of Representatives have a similar sequence of committee hearings and general debate. 426

117. In cases of disagreement the Senate prevails. 426

118. Once passed by the Senate as a whole, the bill is then signed by the speaker of the House and by the president of the Senate. 426

119. The bill needn’t be signed by the president. 426

120. The bill can become a law in case it has been vetoed by the president if it is passed by an absolute majority in both houses of Congress. 426

1. The US Congress consists of two houses… 426

2. Any congressman in either house, or the president… 426

3. The bill is first introduced in… 426

4. Then hearings on the bill are organized by one of the standing committees to …. 427

5. If the committee passes the bill… 427

6. If passed by the House of Representatives, … 427

7. In cases of disagreement… 427

8. Once passed by the Senate as a whole… 427

9. The bill is then signed by… 427

10. Finally, it must be signed by… 427

11. If the president vetoes a bill,… 427

Solicitors 428

1. How many solicitors are there in Great Britain? 429

2. Do solicitors make the smallest branch of legal professions in England? 429

3. Where can you find a solicitor? 429

4. What do solicitors do? 429

5. May solicitors appear as advocates in higher courts? 429

6. Where can a solicitor appear as a lawyer? 429

7. What cases can a solicitor represent in a court? 429

8. What education do solicitors need? 429

9. How long do solicitors work as “clerks”? 429

10. What exam do solicitors pass? 429

11. Solicitors must be British Commonwealth citizens, mustn’t they? 429

1. There are about 30000solicitors in Great Britain. 429

2. Solicitors make the smallest branch of legal professions in England 429

3. Solicitors are found only in big cities. 429

4. Solicitors work on court cases and deal with all the day-to day work. 430

5. Solicitors represent clients in the higher court. 430

6. Solicitors give advice and do not do the necessary work when property is bought or sold. 430

7. If one gets into trouble with the police one can ask a solicitor to help prepare legal document for his defense. 430

8. Solicitors do not have a right to act in all courts as the agents for litigation or representatives of their clients. 430

9. Solicitors represent divorce cases in the High Court. 430

10. The education required of a solicitor includes a secondary school course. 430

11. To qualify as a solicitor one is to join a practicing solicitor as a “clerk” and to work for him forever. 430

12. Solicitors pass the Law Society exams. 430

13. Solicitors must be British Commonwealth citizens. 430

2. Solicitors prepare… 430

3. Solicitors deal with…. 430

4. Solicitors advise on…. 430

5. Solicitors help… 430

6. Solicitors’ duties include… 430

7. Solicitors can not….. 430

8. The required education for solicitors includes…. 430

1. Barrister is the only type of practicing lawyers in England. 432

2. In general, barristers engage in advocacy and solicitors deal with office work. 432

3. Barristers are experts in the interpretation of the Medicine. 432

4. Barristers advise on really complex points. 432

5. Only barristers may appear as advocates before lower courts. 432

6. In the court barristers wear wigs and dresses. 432

7. You never see a barrister without your solicitor being with you. 432

8. To be a barrister it is necessary to be a member of two of four Inns of Court in London. 432

9. A prospective barrister mustn’t pass some examinations established for the Inns by the Council of Legal Education. 432

10. A prospective barrister must serve his apprenticeship with a practicing barrister for not less than a year. 432

11. The most experienced barristers have a title QC. 432

12. A barrister is required to accept any case for a proper professional fee. 432

13. Barristers can carry on any other profession or business. 432

1. How magistrates many there are in Great Britain? 439

2. Magistrates do any legal training have? 439

3. Who magistrates selects? 439

4. Does Magistrates draw from wide a committee the variety of professions? 439

5. Are unpaid Magistrates? 439

6. Magistrates cases they lower judge, don’t in the courts. 439

7. Judges do what deal with? 439

8. Judges are by the State paid salaries? 439

9. Judges trained as barristers are? 439

10. Judges do legal training have? 439

11. Coroners into violent inquire or do unnatural deaths? 439

12. Who after administrative looks and legal courtroom matters in the? 439

13. A jury does of people consist twelve? 439

14. What duties of are the a jury? 439

15. In Britain the vast majority of magistrates are paid. 439

16. Magistrates have some legal training but they have no “sound common sense”. 439

17. Magistrates judge cases in the lower courts. 439

18. Magistrates give up time voluntarily. 439

19. A small proportion of judges are not Magistrates. 439

20. High Court Judges deal with the petty crimes. 439

21. High Court Judges have legal training. 439

22. They are trained as solicitors and preside in more serious cases. 439

23. Coroners have either medical or legal training. 439

24. Coroners inquire into natural deaths. 439

25. Clerks look after administrative and legal matters in the living room. 439

26. A jury consists of eleven people. 439

27. The jury listens to the evidence given in court. 439

28. The jury decides whether the defendant is guilty or innocent. 439

29. Juries are often used in civil cases 440

30. Magistrates are… 440

31. Magistrates deal with… 440

32. Magistrates judge… 440

33. Judges are… 440

34. Judges have… 440

35. Coroners have… 440

36. Clerks deal with… 440

37. A jury consists of… 440

38. A jury may be… 440

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