Explanation of advantages— Science Diplomacy
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- “Development” is activity to utilize ocean spaces
- Naval architecture is commercial exploitation of the oceans
- Shipbuilding = ocean development
- Historically, the first ocean development was shipbuilding for fishing
- Shipbuilding and ocean engineering are ocean development—they are the logical base for all marine industries
- Shipbuilding is a traditional sector of maritime industry
- Ship infrastructure is an intrinsic part of ocean development
- Defer aff. Shipbuilding uniquely intersects with ocean development – their offense is non-unique, debates about both are structurally inevitable.
- Ocean development includes shipbuilding
- We meet – ‘ocean development’ includes marine technology
- Ocean Infrastructure = Exploration
- Shipbuilding = Exploration
AT T Ocean DevC/I UtilizationWe meet – “Ocean development” is utilization of ocean space—includes naval architectureJIN 98 – Japan Institute of Navigation, “Ocean Engineering Research Committee”, http://members.j-navigation.org/e-committee/Ocean.htm 2. Aim of Ocean Engineering Committee Discussions of "Ocean Engineering" are inseparable from "Ocean Development." What is ocean development? Professor Kiyomitsu Fujii of the University of Tokyo defines ocean development in his book as using oceans for mankind, while preserving the beauty of nature. In the light of its significance and meaning, the term "Ocean Development" is not necessarily a new term. Ocean development is broadly classified into three aspects: (1) Utilization of ocean resources, (2) Utilization of ocean spaces, and (3) Utilization of ocean energy. Among these, development of marine resources has long been established as fishery science and technology, and shipping, naval architecture and port/harbour construction are covered by the category of using ocean spaces, which have grown into industries in Japan. When the Committee initiated its activities, however, the real concept that caught attention was a new type of ocean development, which was outside the coverage that conventional terms had implied. “Development” is activity to utilize ocean spacesUNESCO 86 – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, “IOC-Unesco Regional Training Workshop on Ocean Engineering and Its Interface with Ocean Sciences in the Indian Ocean Region”, 4-5, http://www.jodc.go.jp/info/ioc_doc/Training/085239eo.pdf The term "ocean development" has often been used to denote all activities, including ocean sciences, ocean engineering and related marine technology, directed to resource exploration and exploitation and the use of ocean space. The underlying guiding principle in all these activities has been that these be conducted in a manner that insure the preservation of the marine environment without detriment to its quality and the resources with which it abounds. From the statements given by the participants, it became apparent that in some countries, such as China, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand, ocean development programmes and activities, over the years, have evolved from fisheries oriented needs towards mineral resources exploitation. In some of these countries exploitation of these resources has brought about new adjustments to their priority needs which have progressively involved the strengthening of their marine scientific and technological capability demanded by these new situations. Naval architecture is commercial exploitation of the oceansSonenshein 9 (rear admiral nathan graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy tn the Class of 1938. His work has included instruction in Naval Construction and Marine Engineering at Massachusetts Institute of Technology which lead to His MS degree in 1944 and in the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Graduate School in 1964. As an Engineering, “THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE OCEANS” pg online at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1976.tb03793.x/abstract//sd) Since commercial development of the oceans is of special interest to naval engineers, — be they in industry, the U.S. Coast Guard or the U-S- Navy — these engineers must be alert to national marine activities as well as to current economic, political and social happenings- Historically, naval engineering has drawn technical strength from the engineering progress achieved in the private sector, and it is expected that this type of transfusion will continue in the future. Shipbuilding = ocean developmentOcean development includes shipbuildingYoshifumi 3 (Tanaka, Tanaka is appointed Professor in International Law with Specific Focus on the Law of the Sea at the Faculty of Law, University of Copenhagen. Ocean Development & International Law, pg online at http://www.library.georgetown.edu/newjour/publication/ocean-development-international-law//sd) Ocean Development and International Law is devoted to all aspects of international and comparative law and policy concerning the management of ocean use and activities. It focuses on the international aspects of ocean regulation, ocean affairs, and all forms of ocean utilization. The journal publishes high quality works of scholarship in such related disciplines as international law of the sea, comparative domestic ocean law, political science, marine economics, geography, shipping, the marine sciences, and ocean engineering and other sea-oriented technologies. Discussions of policy alternatives and factors relevant to policy are emphasized, as are contributions of a theoretical and methodological nature. Historically, the first ocean development was shipbuilding for fishingMaeda 2 (Hisaaki, Nihon University Department of Oceanic Architecture and Engineering, “Marine and Ocean Engineering in 21st Century” pg online at http://www.nmri.go.jp/main/cooperation/ujnr/24ujnr_paper_jpn/maeda.PDF//sd) 2. Marine and ocean development in the 20th century The relationship between human being and the ocean started in the oldest history of the fishery activities. In the beginning of the 20th century, the technology of fishing boats, and the fishing methods were greatly progressed, and the fish catch was tremendously improved. The excessive catch of fishes is the today’s big issue. In order to maintain the sustainable development, nowadays the management of fish resources becomes a big issue. The total allowable catch is one of the examples of the today’s issue. The aquaculture is getting important from the standpoint of the sustainable development. The ocean surface transportation has had the long historical since olden days, while the ocean surface transportation has pursued the scale merit and high-speed merit to the present. Nowadays super large-scale container ships require a very deeper water port, then the existing ports. could not afford this situation in Japan. The most successful example of the ocean development in the 20th century is the offshore oil development as in the Gulf of Mexico or in the North Sea. The today’s energy problem could not be solved without the offshore oil, while the offshore oil development is progressing into the deeper water, ultra deep water area more than 3,000m deep that requires the breakthrough of the underwater technology. The ocean technology has been improved very much by the development of the underwater submarine cable networks. This submarine cable laying technology has been accompanied with development of the technology on the ocean measurement and deepwater exploration. In the following paragraphs two examples are introduced which realized the needs of the ocean development. At first, a twin hull ferry boat is shown which connects the downtown of Vancouver and the residential area of the North Vancouver and belongs to the Transportation Bureau of the British Columbia in Canada. The ferry is far from the ordinary ferry. The ferry has the same configuration of bow as that of stern part, carry 400 passengers who can get out and get on only in less than 90 seconds, adopting the unique design and utilizing improved floating terminal. A special consideration is paid to the connection with the bus lines at the North Vancouver in which the passenger can transfer a ferry to a bus without worrying the miss of the bus. They have operated two twin hull ferries every 15 minutes from 6 am till midnight with only 3 accidents in 20 years. The maintenance has been kept from midnight till 6 am every night with 6 persons. This ferry is one of the examples of the success of the ocean development in which technical, sociological and economical conditions are improved in order to fulfill the needs. Shipbuilding and ocean engineering are ocean development—they are the logical base for all marine industriesTack 97 (Huh HYUNG, Senior Research Fellow at the Korean Academy of Science & Technology “Korea strengthens marine programs for new ocean era” pg online at http://search.proquest.com.proxy2.cl.msu.edu/results?accountid=12598//sd) Recently, Korea has taken the initiative measures toward the ocean development to be ready for the coming ocean era in the 21st century. Korea (South) is one of the most densely populated countries in the world, as she holds 45 million people in a land less than 100,000 square kilometers. What's worse is that Korea is endowed with little arable land space (less than 20 percent of the total land) and poor natural resources. The limited natural setting of the land caused Korea to rely largely upon marine resources. Fortunately, Korea as a peninsula nation is blessed with extensive marine environments: seas on its three sides, numerous islands, vast areas of continental shelf, good fishing grounds, etc. Therefore, Korea is in an excellent position to gain much from the seas for foods, minerals, energy, and space. Recent advancement of Korea's technological capabilities in shipbuilding and ocean engineering, offshore drilling, seabed mining, and fisheries could lend an impetus to the future development of marine industries. Shipbuilding is a traditional sector of maritime industryIOSC 98 (Information Office of the State Council Of the People's Republic of China, “The Development of China's Marine Programs” pg online at //sd) In the light of the bearing capacity of marine resources, China adopts a policy of developing and utilizing them in a comprehensive way, so as to promote the coordinated development of the marine industries. In recent years China has made constant efforts to upgrade the maritime fishing, transportation, salt-making and other traditional industries. At the same time, it has spared no effort to develop the industry of marine reproduction and mariculture, offshore oil and gas, tourism, marine pharmaceuticals and other burgeoning industries. It has actively explored new marine resources as far as possible, and promoted the formation and development of some potential marine industries, such as deep-water mining, comprehensive utilization of seawater, and power generation with marine energy. In 1997 the total output value of the major marine industries, including ocean fishing, salt-making, the salt chemicals industry, marine transportation, shipbuilding, offshore oil and gas, and tourism, topped 300 billion yuan. As a result, these industries have become forces actively promoting the development of China's economy as a whole. Ship infrastructure is an intrinsic part of ocean developmentKyushu 11 (faculty of engineering, kyushu university, “Department of Marine Systems Engineering” pg online at http://www.eng.kyushu-u.ac.jp/e/research/marine///sd) Effective utilization of ocean space, especially development of transportation systems, utilization of artificial land space on the sea and sustainable marine resources development, is an important challenge. It is imperative to develop new-generation systems that are able to integrate land, coastal and ocean transportation. Coastal transportation systems are viewed as a potential solution for supplementing saturated land transportation. Intelligent access procedures are required for efficiently developed waterfront communities. Planning and construction methods are needed for the utilization of artificial land space on the sea, the construction of infrastructures (offshore floating airports and power plants, etc.) and the facilities for leisure activities (passenger cruise ships, marine leisure complexes, etc.). In addition, the development of peripheral technologies for the exploration and mining of marine resources, such as subsea transportation and machine operation, is in high demand. Amongst other technologies required for ocean development, naval architecture is particularly important. To provide useful solutions for these social demands, the Department of Marine Systems Engineering is offering students the opportunity to study marine utilities and naval architecture, including marine transportation systems, biological and mineral resource development technologies and the planning of ocean spaces. The research objective of this division is to propose a wide range of environmentally-friendly marine applications and to develop technologies related to them, whilst taking full advantage of the achievements in naval architecture, marine engineering, industrial engineering and systems engineering in a comprehensive manner. Defer aff. Shipbuilding uniquely intersects with ocean development – their offense is non-unique, debates about both are structurally inevitable.French 81 C.L French, President and Chief Operating Officer, National Steel and Shipbuilding Co, Chapter 11, Energy and Sea Power: Challenge for the Decade, written by Don Walsh, PhD, oceanographer, explorer, and former submarine captain, president of Oregon based International Maritime Incorporated, 1981//AW The topic of shipbuilding needs for support of ocean development is a challenging one. Conditions existing in the industry and indeed in the world, concurrent with the requirements for ocean energy development, dictate the needs of the industry. Therefore, assumptions will have to be made as to what the conditions will be and as to what the needs will be under those projected conditions. Ocean development includes shipbuildingDujuan 09 Dujuan, Writer for Europe-China Economic and Trade Review, 7/25/09 (“China`s Shipbuilding Industry: With Policies as Sail Force of, Will it Brav”, http://www.europe1china.com/en/observe/2009080319610267.htm)//AW Following the iron & steel industry and the automobile industry, shipbuilding industry has been approved by China`s State Council as another revitalization industry. Shipbuilding is a comprehensive modern industry which provides technology and equipment for waterway transport, ocean development and national defense. It`s an important role in driving the development of steel, chemical, textile, equipment manufacturing, electronic information and other key industries.
W/M Marine Tech
Pujari 12 Saritha Pujari, BS Poona College of Arts Science & Commerce 2012 The Objectives and Observation of Ocean Development around the World, http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/ocean/the-objectives-and-observation-of-ocean-development-around-the-world/11207/ The broad objectives of ‘ocean development’ have been laid down by Parliament in the Ocean Policy Statement of November 1982. The domain of our concern for development of oceanic resources and its environment extends from the coastal lands and islands lapped by brackish water to the wide Indian Ocean. The ocean regime is to be developed in order to: (i) explore and assess living and non-living resources; (ii) harness and manage its resources (materials, energy and biomass) and create additional resources such as mariculture; (iii) cope with and protect its environment (weather, waves and coastal front); (iv) develop human resources (knowledge, skill and expertise), and (v) play our rightful role in marine science and technology in the international arena.
ISP 13, International Shipbuilding Progress, 2014, (“Aims and Scope”, http://www.iospress.nl/journal/international-shipbuilding-progress/)//AW The journal International Shipbuilding Progress (ISP) was founded in 1954. Each year four issues appear (in April, July, September and December). Publications submitted to ISP should describe scientific work of high international standards, advancing subjects related to the field of Marine Technology, such as: conceptual design structural design hydromechanics and dynamics maritime engineering production of all types of ships production of all other objects intended for marine use shipping science and all directly related subjects offshore engineering in relation to the marine environment ocean engineering subjects in relation to the marine environment The contents may be of a pure scientific or of an applied scientific nature. Aff T Ocean ExpOcean Infrastructure = ExplorationInvestment in ocean infrastructure is exploration because it is necessary for understanding the oceansBarron et al 11 (Eric, American academic and university administrator who serves as the 18th President of Pennsylvania State University.[1] Previously, he has served as the 14th President of Florida State University and Director of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) in Boulder, Colorado (USA), and the rest of the Committee on an Ocean Infrastructure Strategy, including the National Academy of Science. “Critical Infrastructure for Ocean Research and Societal Needs in 2030” pg online at http://www.innovation.ca/sites/default/files/Rome2013/files/National%20Academies%20Critical%20Ocean%20Research%20Infrastructure%20Report%202012.pdf//sd) The Merriam-Webster Dictionary5 defines "infrastructure" as "the underlying foundation or basic framework (as of a system or organization)" or "the resources (as personnel, buildings, or equipment) required for an activity." Consistent with this definition. U.S. infrastructure for ocean research could be broadly defined as the full portfolio of platforms, sensors, data sets and systems, models, computational and network services, personnel, facilities, and enabling organizations that the nation can bring to bear to answer questions requiring understanding of the ocean. For the purpose or this report, the committee adopts a slightly narrower definition that focuses on the shared or community resources accessible to the U.S. ocean research enterprise. This excludes personnel and resources associated exclusively with a particular investigator's research activities, which are often very specialized, prototypes in development. or fully dedicated to a particular task. Under the committee's definition. U.S. ocean research infrastructure is the full portfolio of platforms, sensors, data sets and systems, models, supporting personnel, facilities, and enabling organizations that the nation can bring to bear to answer questions about the ocean, and that is (or could be) shared by or accessible to the ocean research community as a whole. As defined here, ocean research infrastructure is a national portfolio of resources and assets that include technology, facilities, data, people, and institutions. This portfolio changes over time in response to federal, state, local, and private-sector investments in ocean research infrastructure and to developments in oceanography and other fields (information technology, power systems, robotics, and genomics, among others). The state of the nation's ocean research infrastructure at any point in time determines how well, how quickly, and at what cost the nation can obtain answers to basic and applied questions about the ocean. However, significant components of U.S. ocean infrastructure are currently insufficient to meet needs for the ocean research community (see Box 1.2). Shipbuilding = ExplorationShipbuilding is necessary for ocean explorationBurke et al 2K (David Burke, professor at MIT Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chryssostomos Chryssostomidis Professor of Mechanical and Ocean Engineering. Professor, Michael M. Bernitsas Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering “Naval Engineering A National Naval Obligation” pg online at https://www.google.com/search?q=Michael+M.+Bernitsas&rlz=1C1CHFX_enUS592US592&oq=Michael+M.+Bernitsas&aqs=chrome..69i57&sourceid=chrome&es_sm=122&ie=UT F-8//sd) Certain sectors of the marine industry, and particularly shipbuilding of large ships, have been shrinking since the middle 1980’s. This has resulted in eroding infrastructure and reduction in human resources. On the other hand, the discipline of “Engineering for the Marine Environment” – referred to in this report as Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering – is broad. It encompasses several engineering disciplines (Offshore, Mechanical, Civil, Electrical, Systems, Economics, Transportation, etc.) as they apply to the marine environment. Further, new challenges in national defense, ocean exploration and resource utilization require more human resources. These two persisting trends lead with certainty to the alarming conclusion that sooner rather than later the USA will lose technical expertise in commercial and naval shipbuilding. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. 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