Federal emergency management agency fema rep-2, rev. 2 / June 1990

6.8Logistics Planning

For example, the logistics plan might call for MAPs at about 10 mile radius of a sector with two survey teams per MAP. The MAPs should be strategically located to provide easy access by monitoring team members, e.g., if team members have to travel long distances, it may be necessary to have the MAP located near a local airport. These MAPs may be used as communication and resupply posts. Fire or police stations would be desirable for MAPs because emergency communications with the EOC would be available. Also, vehicle fuel and emergency vehicles may be available. Trained volunteers survey team personnel may normally report to these stations, and the survey team equipment should be stored at the MAP.

Each survey team should be equipped with both high (100 R/h) and low (50 mR/h) range field gamma exposure rate instruments. Based on the radioiodine measurement system described in Section 4, one portable airborne radioiodine sampler is also required for each team. In addition, spare instrumentation should be available in case of malfunction of some of the instrumentation. The usual criteria for instrumentation with proven reliability is to provide about 20 percent spare instrumentation. Each survey team member should be equipped with personal dosimeters as described in Section 5.

For local offsite monitoring teams as most facilities, the needed gamma instrumentation to implement the Plume Exposure Rate Verification System can be made available through the Civil Defense organization in their State, although it may have to be redistributed for an effective logistics plan. Also, Civil Defense instrumentation would have to be calibrated at the frequency set forth in the State emergency response plan.

If this is implemented, the cost of additional equipment to supplement available instrumentation is expected to be small. The number of instruments needed, and hence the cost of supplemental instrumentation, depends upon the monitoring plan. Once the minimum requirements of the monitoring plan have been met, which are that the plan be adequate to provide the needed measurements for any set release and meteorological variations, then the effectiveness of the plan increases slowly wit the number of additional instruments in use. On the other hand, the effectiveness of the plan decreases rapidly with the decrease in the number of instruments available, resulting in inability to meet the minimum requirements of the plan. If only a few measurements are made about the same time, they will not give adequate spatial coverage, of if these few measurements are made at different times, they will not be as useful for developing exposure rate contours. Also, the effectiveness of the monitoring plan to respond to changes in wind direction will decrease with decrease in the number of instruments available below the minimum requirements.

In addition to the instrumentation required for teams to verify the projected release pattern, it is recommended that all personnel involved in setting up road blocks or other access control points restricting public access into the area where the radiological hazard is believed to exist be equipped with gamma radiation rate measuring instrumentation. The reason for this recommendation is to ensure that these control points are outside the hazard area. These personnel should be instructed to make radiation measurements at the time the control point is established and periodically throughout the incident (at least once per hour). These measurements also will give the EOC personnel plotting the radiological data some additional monitoring information. The personnel used for setting up theses access control points should be given training in the proper use and operation of the radiation rate measuring instruments.

The minimum instrumentation provided to the personnel at each access control point should be one low-range gamma measuring instrument capable of measuring at least 50 mR/h and meeting the specification requirements of Appendix E of this document. This is additional to the dosimetry recommended for all emergency personnel as described in Section 5.