Area of Opportunity 2: Crash Data Systems Development

5.2Area of Opportunity 2: Crash Data Systems Development

Recommendation 2: Create a sound, comprehensive nation-wide Road Safety crash database and uniform collection procedures, covering all roads and including the crash details required for more informed Road Safety management. The Federal Highway Police database is a sound base, which with improvement and expansion could provide a sound crash database.

Recommendation 2.1: Use fatal and serious injury crashes as main performance indicators for Road Safety. All crashes may provide more data but the nature and location of minor crashes differs significantly from the most serious crashes; employing all crashes will lead intervention focus away from the most serious crashes.

Recommendation 2.2: Establish a multi-sectoral data working group, to create collaboration across required stakeholders and to assess the best Road Safety related data uses for all, review and create uniform (not minimum) crash data collection standards and processes, and oversee the development of data systems, leading to a comprehensive Road Safety observatory. This group should include representation from federal, state government, municipal government, and should consult NGOs including the existing Road Safety Observatory, as well as IRTAD. From the process, create a single database of crashes with at least the following features:

Based on Police records of crashes because only police records can contain sufficient details of crashes, with collation of federal, state and municipal roads crash records;

Revised minimum crash recording standards as set by federal law in consultation with federal, state and municipal stakeholders, to create agreed, quality, uniform crash data collection process;

Fully flexible analysis capability available in the system;

Deaths accurately recorded including tracking of injured people for 30 days after the crash;

More reliable accurate recording of crash locations for better targeting of engineering treatments, for example through use of GPS or more rigorous recording systems than currently exist. Federal Police are currently undertaking GPS mapping of the kilometer marker posts on the federal road network and this will be required for all roads if better locations recording is to be uniformly achieved. Currently, in some states Road Safety works are sometimes identified from media reports of crashes because the crash database is less reliable for location than media reports;

Recorded crash types to be significantly expanded to allow more effective management of crash types through better information on crashes;

The single database to include records of which authority is the road owner: federal, which state, or which municipality, as an analyzable variable. This will allow every agency at federal, state and municipal levels, and the public, to single out crash data for each municipality or state of federal network and make performance assessments as well as monitor Road Safety more precisely;

Full access to depersonalized crash information (not just summaries of it) for the media and the public, to facilitate advocacy and provide more transparent government;

Creation of more systematic crash data driven processes to select locations and works for Road Safety and resist the current trend that communities which lobby for Road Safety works get Road Safety attention (and resources) regardless of the actual level of risk.

Recommendation 2.3: Publicly acknowledge the limitations of current national data collection for transparency of Government and in order to manage the risk of apparent increases in deaths due to improved data collection processes.

Recommendation 2.4: Have IPEA develop an updated estimate of the costs of crashes in Brazil using the most modern techniques and best estimates of numbers of deaths and serious injuries not the current database numbers

Recommendation 2.5: Foster the development of a Road Safety research expertise both in Government, universities and independent research centers. In particular, increased research and analysis capacity will be required within the Lead Agency, to manage the crash database within the Lead Agency.

Recommendation 2.6: The crash data re-development should be treated as a first major step towards a more comprehensive Road Safety observatory. Ultimately, the crash database should be the central element of a government controlled but publicly accessible larger Road Safety observatory which includes comprehensive data on many aspects of Road Safety exposure and risk, including additional elements of information such as population, various measures of the economy and of road usage, the network, alternative transport, etc. Consideration should be given to the role of the existing non-government Road Safety Observatory in this process as a means of public data access and dissemination.

The following recommendations in Area of Opportunity 2 are identified as short term actions (a time frame of around 6 months): 2.1, 2.3, and 2.4. Recommendations 2.2 and 2.5 are medium term and recommendation 2.6 is longer term.

5.3Area of Opportunity 3: Funding and resource allocation.

Crashes create epidemic levels of human and economic loss. Road Safety is not just charity work but a legitimate investment for the economy and inhabitants of Brazil, and greater funding is warranted.

Recommendation 3: Sustainable appropriate funding and allocation of resources to effective safety measures are recommended as essential for effective delivery of Road Safety

Recommendation 3.1: Develop a framework for Road Safety funding and its allocation, based on benefit cost ratios to be used by the Lead Agency and other organizations for prioritization of Road Safety expenditure. This will facilitate improved efficiency of Road Safety expenditures, through more rigorous selection processes based on benefit-cost analysis and lives and injuries saved, and better business cases for Road Safety investments.

Recommendation 3.2: Dedicate speed camera revenue to genuine Road Safety action and monitor to ensure appropriate expenditure. This commitment of speed camera revenue to Road Safety provides a relevant sustained (though inadequate and perhaps reducing due to reduced speeding) funding source for Road Safety and expresses a commitment from government to Road Safety as well as reducing the community misperception that speed cameras are primarily to raise revenue for government.

Recommendation 3.3: Dedicate Government income from Compulsory Insurance (Lider) to genuine Road Safety investments selected by the Lead Agency.

Recommendation 3.4: Make funding of Road Safety sustainable by dedicating other specific funding resources. In addition to general taxation, and sources as recommended above, other sustainable revenue sources should be investigated and determined. Possibilities in use in other countries include Road Safety levies on vehicle licenses, and fuel charges dedicated to Road Safety.

Recommendation 3.2 in Area of Opportunity 3 is identified as a short term action (a time frame of around 6 months). Recommendations 3.1, 3.3, and 3.4 are medium term actions.

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