Federative Republic of Brazil National Road Safety Capacity Review
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- The Situation in Brazil
- The specific situation of Municipal Governments
4.3CoordinationThe need for multi-sectoral and across State Government Agency Coordination and CollaborationCoordination is recognized as a key management function for Road Safety, including multi-sectoral coordination amongst and within governments (national, state, and municipal), non-government stakeholders, and parliaments.44 The Situation in BrazilWithin Brazil, the contributions of the three levels of Government, each with their own roads, will require significant coordination in order to ensure consistency of crash data, consistency with national strategies, messaging and approaches, and in order to capture synergies of actions where they are available. The absence of clear leadership from a central Lead Agency has led to limited partnership development amongst agencies and absence of development of multi-sectoral action plans and effective sharing of learnings across municipalities and across states. Consensus on Road Safety directions and collaboration has not been effectively built. Sectors and departments do not effectively mutually reinforce each other’s Road Safety activities. Yet, there is some important coordination horizontally from the national level and across some State governments in Road Safety, including: CONTRAN (national committee consisting of the following representatives: Presidente – Diretor do DENATRAN, Ministério da Justiça, Ministério da Defesa, Ministério dos Transportes, Ministério da Educação, Ministério da Saúde, Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação, Ministério do Meio Ambiente, Ministério das Cidades, Ministério do Desenvolvimento, Indústria e Comércio Exterior, Agência Nacional de Transportes Terrestres) assists with coordination on traffic matters at the national level; Committees designed to assist with coordination also exist in some states. In Rio Grande do Sul, the State Committee for Mobilization for Road Safety is attempting to improve collaboration by engaging many stakeholders and informing each other of Road Safety activities. An important strength of the Committee is that it is chaired by the Vice Governor. However, the Committee is too large to be effective: with over 70 members it operates more as a means of dissemination (which is useful) rather than decision making and coordination; Police sourced crash data being effectively used by the state road agencies for crash blackspot identification and treatment; Road agencies and departments of planning work collaboratively. At both federal and state levels, Road Safety programs exist and Road Safety activity occurs. However, the lack of coordination and leadership means that such programs are less efficient and effective than they could be with well-developed co-operation. Work is fragmented in several ways; for example, there appears to be little accountability for pedestrian safety in large cities, in small cities, on highways, or on rural roads. The extent of vertical co-ordination at the National-State level is also concerning for Road Safety. For example, there is little coordination and national uniformity in Road Safety policy and practice between federal and state governments. While the federal government sets road law and minimum standards on various aspects of road transport, the coordination required to produce a singular police recorded crash database or a tight singular licensing system has not yet been developed. The specific situation of Municipal GovernmentsMunicipalities are key in Road Safety management and their activities need coordination with the other levels of government. Municipalities are the road authority for the large majority of roads in Brazil, as in most states and countries; globally, it is common to find that a majority of road deaths occur on Municipal (local government) roads. Internationally, increased ownership of Road Safety has been effective in improving Road Safety on municipal roads (e.g., in New Zealand) and efforts to increase the Road Safety activities of municipalities have been effective in many instances. For example, the Center for Road Safety in New South Wales Australia successfully joint funded local councils to undertake Road Safety projects and local councils around Australia are able to apply for funding from the Federal and State Governments to fix serious crash locations on their roads. In Brazil, the majority of the 1.6 million km of roads is managed by the municipalities (estimated at about 1.3 million km, with only a fraction paved)45. With responsibility for the large majority of the network (77%, though of course a lower percentage of the vehicle kilometers), an effective role by the municipalities in Road Safety in Brazil is a critical success factor. As part of the ongoing limitations of crash data in Brazil, sound data on the percentages of deaths on each road network are not available. However, data for federal roads are available and indicate that for 2013 of the official 42,266 deaths, 6,874 were on federal roads, leaving 35,392 deaths (83.7%) on state and municipal roads. Brazil has an excessive number of municipalities, for them to be effective for Road Safety. Tiny municipalities are not only unable to provide municipalized traffic, but are insufficiently resourced and funded to manage the basic safety of their road networks though analyzing crash data, identifying blackspots, and improving roads. Thus, the number and size of the smaller municipalities presents a significant impediment to Road Safety on local roads in Brazil. Table 4 presents the number and percentage of municipalities without municipalized traffic by state. While significant percentages of municipalities without municipalized traffic in some states reflect a reliance on water based transport (e.g., in Amazonia), the high percentages in many other states are deeply concerning. No state has a majority of municipalities with municipalized traffic, with even Sao Paulo in a minority at 43.3%. Although, the 1,438 with municipalized traffic represent 72% of the population and 82% of the national fleet.. A number of large municipalities are making serious attempts to manage Road Safety (for example Porto Alegre and Sao Paulo have strong municipal guard organization, many speed cameras, and blackspot programs). As an example of the level of traffic enforcement and activity for a strong performing medium size municipality, the Box below presents details from the municipality of Formosa in Goiás. Table 4. Number and percentage of municipalities with municipalized traffic by State.
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