File Title space weaponization good 2
Hegemony 2NC --- Trades Off With Military
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- Even minor space weapons cost hundreds of billions and trade off with the Army, Navy, and Marines
- SMIL Bad --- Indo-Pak War 1NC
- Indo-Pak space weaponization causes nuclear war
Hegemony 2NC --- Trades Off With MilitaryTight budgets mean space weapons trade off with conventional military fundingColeman 2 – Sean J. Coleman, February 2002, "Space Based Weapons are Wrong." U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings. (February 2002): pg. 96 Despite a proposed 7% increase in the Department of Defense (DoD) budget, resources are constrained. The billions of dollars -- some estimates are in the tens of billions -- needed to develop space-based weapon capabilities will take money from transformation efforts that will make greater contributions to the nation's security, both now and in the long term. Retired Navy Vice Admiral Arthur Cebrowski, DoD's new Director of Force Transformation is correct in his oft-stated view that "numbers matter." Weaponizing space will mean fewer ships, planes, tanks, and other platforms capable of taking the fight to the enemy. Even minor space weapons cost hundreds of billions and trade off with the Army, Navy, and MarinesDolman 6 – Everett C. Dolman, Professor of Comparative Military Studies at the US Air Force?s School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, Dr. Dolman began his career as an intelligence analyst for the National Security Agency, and moved to the United States Space Command in 1986. In 1991, he received the Director of Central Intelligence?s Outstanding Intelligence Analyst award. 2006, "U.S. Military Transformation and Weapons in Space," School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) Review, XXVI, No. 1 (Winter-Spring 2006), pg. 163-174, http://spacedebate.org/evidence/2309/ The immediate budget impact of significant funding increases for space weapons would be to decrease funding for combat aircraft, the surface battle fleet, and ground forces. This may well set the proponents of space weaponization at odds with both proponents and opponents of increased defense spending. Space advocates must sell their ideas to fellow pro-weapons groups by making the case that the advantages they provide outweigh the capabilities forgone. This is a mighty task. The tens or even hundreds of billions of dollars needed to develop, test and deploy a minimal space weapons system with the capacity to engage a few targets around the world could displace a half-dozen or more aircraft carrier battle groups, entire aircraft procurement programs such as the F-22, and several heavy armored divisions. This is a tough sell for supporters of a strong military. It is an even more difficult dilemma for those who oppose weapons in general, and space weapons in particular. Ramifications for the most critical current function of the Army, Navy, and Marines—pacification, occupation, and control of foreign territory—are profound. With the downsizing of traditional weapons to accommodate heightened space expenditures, the U.S. ability to do all three would wane significantly. At a time when many are calling for increased capability to pacify and police foreign lands, in light of the no-end-in-sight occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan, space weapons proponents must advocate reduction of these capabilities in favor of a system that will have no direct potential to do so. SMIL Bad --- Indo-Pak War 1NCIndia and Pakistan would build space weapons in response to the USLewis 4 – Jeffrey Lewis, postdoctoral fellow in the Advanced Methods of Cooperative Security Program at the Center for International and Security Studies at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy, July 2004, “What if Space Were Weaponized?” Center for Defense Information, http://www.cdi.org/PDFs/scenarios.pdf India is a state that may pursue ASAT capabilities, if other states do so first. The chief of the Indian Air Force, S. Krishnaswamy, recently remarked that: “Any country on the fringe of space technology like India has to work towards such a command as advanced countries are already moving towards laser weapons platforms in space and killer satellites.”57 Pakistan has a much smaller industrial base, but has long attempted to match Indian deployments – particularly in military matters. Pakistan is likely to emulate Indian ASAT efforts, given the enmity between the two countries and the relative advantage that India derives from the use of space for military operations. Indo-Pak space weaponization causes nuclear warLewis 4 – Jeffrey Lewis, postdoctoral fellow in the Advanced Methods of Cooperative Security Program at the Center for International and Security Studies at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy, July 2004, “What if Space Were Weaponized?” Center for Defense Information, http://www.cdi.org/PDFs/scenarios.pdf Perhaps more importantly, the risk of Pakistani ASAT attacks would create the same escalatory incentives for India that the United States faces in the second scenario. U.S. war games suggest that future conflicts in South Asia may not be very stable.72 A contractor who has conduct more than two dozen war games for the Pentagon and other military-planning centers told the Wall Street Journal that the India-Pakistan scenarios usually escalate to the use of nuclear weapons “within the first 12 ‘days’ of the war game.” “It’s a scary scenario,” said one participant. Anti-satellite weapons would reinforce the strong escalatory dynamic that many war games have revealed. For example, war games that quickly escalate to nuclear use are often restarted to allow the Indian side to reconsider some of the moves that lead to Pakistani escalation. The Indian side, however, generally learns the opposite lesson and attempts a “lighting strike” to destroy the Pakistani nuclear stockpile. When asked if the Indian Armed Force could really execute a preemptive strategy, one participant noted, “Probably not, but they believe they could.” Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. 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