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11.3.3 Reinforcing Steel Reinforcing steel for concrete foundation elements will generally be AASHTO M (ASTM A) Grade
60, with a minimum yield strength of 60 ksi. The use of reinforcing steel with yield strengths less than 60 ksi is not recommended. Bars with yield strengths less than 60 ksi should be used only with the approval of the owner. The use of reinforcing
steel conforming to ASTM A, Low Alloy Steel Deformed Bars
for Concrete Reinforcement, should be considered where improved ductility is needed or where welding is required.
The modulus of elasticity, Es, for reinforcing steel can be assumed to be 29,000 ksi. Refer to AASHTO (2014) Section 5.4.3 for additional information on concrete foundation element reinforcing steel.
11.3.4 Casings Casings are sometimes required for foundation element constructed using drilling techniques such as drilled shafts.
When required, steel for permanent casings should generally conform to the values shown in Table 11-2.
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