Glossary of sports and reporting terms abbreviations
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Apex [MOTOR]: the point during a turn in which the car comes closest to inside edge of the corner. A tight apex usually means a good turn. Apex [PARA]: the top of a parachute. Approach (GYM) To walk to the equipment, prior to the gymnastic routine. Similar to the approach in golf. Approach [BAL]: the act of losing altitude to come to rest on the ground. Also applies to airplanes. Approach [BOWL]: the act of taking 3, 4, or 5 steps, swinging the arm and releasing the ball toward the pins. Approach [GOLF]: to hit a short- or medium-length shot to the green, with an iron. Approach [SWIM]: the steps taken toward the end of the board (Diving). Approach Shot [TEN]: Made when a player makes a shot and approaches the net. Apron [BOX]: the floor outside the boxing ring. It is approximately 2 feet wide. Apron [GOLF]: Area immediately surrounding the green. Aqualung [DIVE]: trade name now synonymous with scuba. Aquameter [WSKI]: Device used to measure miles per hour in a speedboat. Now a generic term for all such gauges. Arch and Count [PARA]: Basic student learning technique and position. The arch prepares the student for free-fall and the count prepares him for a delay before opening his parachute. Archery Golf [ARCH]: Game similar to golf in which archers shoot for the target—that is, a small ball—and count the number of arrows required. Arm Guard [ARCH]: Protective cover made of leather or other material that protects the forearm from the bowstring as the arrow is released. Arm Puncher [BOX]: A boxer whose strength is only in his arms; lacks the power of his body behind his punches. Arm Weary [BOX]: tired of throwing punches. Army [POOL]: Betting money “I’ve got my Army with me.” Arrow Plate [ARCH]: Material set in a small ledge in the bow to protect the bow as the arrow slides across it. Arrow Rest [ARCH]: the ledge on the bow that the arrow sits on prior to release. The arrow slides across it upon release. Art [JOUR]: Illustrations, drawings, diagrams, or other non-print material that accompanies an article; common name for all non-textual material. Artificial Turf [BASE]: Synthetic grass substitute, sold under a variety of brand names. Also called carpet. A.S.O. [PARA]: Area Safety Officer, in charge of safety requirements and minimum safety standards for several area drop zones or clubs. Assignment [JOUR]: Any specific task given to an individual; for example, a commissioned article assignment to a freelancer by a magazine. Assist [BASE]: Credited to a player who throws to a base to aid in an out. Assist [BB]: a pass from one player to another, which results in a quick score. Assist Pocket [PARA]: a pocket built into the top of a sleeve that catches air during deployment and aids in proper deployment of the sleeve. ATC [BAL]: Air Traffic Control. The federal-government-sponsored agency that regulates air traffic, especially in and around large airports. Atmospheric pressure [DIVE]: Air pressure at sea level. ATT [JOUR]: the As Told To story. An athlete’s autobiography that is prepared for publication by a writer; the writer shares the byline credit, such as, “My Life in Football” by Joe Jock, As Told To Writer Charley Someone. Attack [FEN]: to attempt to hit the opponent by moving the body or the weapon forward. Attack Block [VB]: An attempt to block the ball before it crosses the net. Attack of Second Intention [FEN]: an attack that is meant to be defended, so the attacked may score on a counterattack. Attacking Zone [HOCK]: Area of the opponent’s goal. Attitude [BAL]: A position relative to the horizon. Audible [FB]: When a quarterback changes the play by the use of a code, at the line of scrimmage, just before the ball is snapped. By calling an audible, the quarterback hopes to fool the defense, which may be ready for a different play. Author’s Alterations (AAs) [JOUR]: Changes or corrections made by the writer in textual material (usually in galley proof form) before the material is printed. Avoidable Hinder [H&R]: Intentional interference of one player by another. Penalty is the loss of a score or the addition of a score by the player who was hindered. Away [GOLF]: Refers to the ball that is furthest from the cup, when more than one golfer is playing a particular hole. Axis [HANG]: Line of a plane. May be longitudinal (nose-to-tail); lateral (wingtip-to-wingtip); or vertical (bottom-to-top) of the aircraft. B 4, B 12 [PARA]: Surplus parachutes, modified for sport use. B.S.R.s. [PARA]: Basic Safety Rules (Regulations). Rules, laws, and guidelines issued by the F.A.A., U.S.P.A., and local officials governing jumping. Babe Ruth Baseball [BASE]: Nonprofit organization that sponsors summer baseball for youth aged 9–18. Back [ARCH]: Side of the bow away from the string. Back Cast [B&F]: Drawing the rod back, the first movement in the cast. Back Court [BB]: the half of the court that a team defends. Back Court [H&R]: the area behind the short line to the rear wall. Back Diagonal Pass [HOCK]: to pass to a teammate across the ice on a diagonal line and behind the passing player. Back Issue [JOUR]: any issue of a magazine or newspaper printed prior to the current date (newsstand) issue. Back Jackknife [SWIM]: Common name for the inward pike dive (diving). Back Off [MOTOR]: to reduce speed. Back Shop [JOUR]: Composing room area of a newspaper. Back Wash [SURF]: Water from a wave that is returning to sea. Backboard [BB]: Flat 4- × 6-foot surface, suspended above and perpendicular to the floor, to which the basket rim is attached. In some cases, the backboard may be fan shaped and approximately 35 × 54 inches, with a 29-inch radius. Players may bank the ball off the backboard to score. Backcourt [TEN]: the area of the court near the base lines, as opposed to the area near the net. Backed Bow [ARCH]: Bow in which the back and belly are made of different material. Backer [POOL]: Banker for a gambler. A nonplayer usually, who supplies betting money. The backer will usually cover all losses, but will take a percentage of the hustler’s winnings. Backfield (Defense) [FB]: Consists of four players, two defensive cornerbacks, and two safeties or three defensive backs, and one safety. Backfield (Offense) [FB]: usually consists of a quarterback, a fullback, a halfback, and a flanker back. Backfield in Motion [FB]: on the offensive team, one player is allowed to run parallel to the line of scrimmage or back away from the line of scrimmage before the ball is snapped. If the back runs toward the line of scrimmage, it is a penalty for backfield in motion or illegal procedure. Backhand [BAD]: Stroke made with the back of the hand toward the opponent’s end of the court. Usually cross-body stroke. Backhand [FRIS]: a cross-body throw of the disc with the thumb on top of the disc and the fingers underneath. Backhand [TEN]: Shot made with the back of the hand facing the net or opponent. Backhand [TT]: Stroke used with the back of the hand facing the opponent. Backing Out [SURF]: Pulling out of a wave that could have been ridden. Backing Up [FHOCK]: Defensive play behind or outside the bully. Backlash [B&F]: Line that becomes tangled by rolling over itself in the reel during the cast, because there is too much play in the reel. (Note some modern reels have an anti-backlash mechanism built in.) Backloop [PARA]: Back flip done in free-fall. Completion of backloops, front loops, and barrelrolls are requirement for the U.S.P.A. “C” license and are highly recommended for good RW jumping. Back-of-the-Book [JOUR]: Secondary articles, columns, and other material literally or figuratively printed behind the primary articles. Backpack [PARA]: the main parachute, worn on the back and the reserve on the chest, as opposed to the piggyback or pigrig, a tandem combination of the main and reserve, both worn on the back. Backpedal [BOX]: to retreat across the ring. Backspin [TEN]: A stroke that imparts spin on the ball in the direction of the server. Backspin [TT]: Stroke in which the ball spins toward the server. Backstop [BASE]: a screen that protects spectators behind the plate from pitches that might get away from the catcher. Backstroke [SWIM]: to swim with alternate arm strokes while on the back. Backswing [H&R]: Beginning motion to hit the ball. Similar usage as in a golf backswing. Back-Wall Shot [H&R]: a ball that is hit after it rebounds from the back wall. Bad Hop [BASE]: Awkward bounce that allows a ball to get away from a fielder. Bag Deployment [PARA]: Deployment of the main parachute from a bag, similar in size and shape to a knapsack, as opposed to a sleeve deployment. A bag will usually, although not always, allow a parachute to be packed smaller and tighter than a sleeve. Download 7.55 Mb. Share with your friends:
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