Gonzaga Debate Institute 2011 Mercury China Coop Aff
Coop Feasible – AT – Suspicions (2/2)
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- Coop Solves – Spills Over To Relations
Coop Feasible – AT – Suspicions (2/2)Coop can work – despite tensions – Soviet coop proves O’Neil, Discovery News, 8 (Ian, Discovery News Space Science Producer, Discovery News, “Griffen: China Could Beat US in Moon Race”, 1/15/8, http://www.universetoday.com/15559/griffin-china-could-beat-us-in-moon-race/, accessed 6/30/11, CW) * Michael Griffen: Physicist, aerospace engineer, and former NASA administrator. More bad news for NASA: even their administrator thinks China could beat the US to the Moon. Speaking with the BBC today, Michael Griffin shared his views about the Chinese space aspirations, pointing out that the super-state could, if they wanted to, send a manned mission to the lunar surface within a decade. NASA’s return mission to the Moon is planned to launch, at the earliest, in 2020, so this news is bound to knock the wind out of the US space agency’s hopes to continue where it left off in 1972… In the last five years, China has been teetering on the edge of a full-manned space program. In 2003, the nation became only the third country to put a national into space (following the Russia and the USA), blasting Yang Liwei into orbit for 21 hours on the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Shenzhou 6 was launched with two astronauts (or “taikonauts”) on board, spending five days orbiting the Earth in 2005. This year, shortly after the Beijing Olympics in October, China is sending another manned mission into orbit, only this time it is hoped a spacewalk will be possible. With this rapid succession of successful manned launches, it comes as no surprise that attention is swinging away from NASA and to China for the next big step into space. The last time man set foot on the Moon was in 1972 when Eugene Andrew Cernan, last man on the Moon, boarded the Apollo 17 lunar module. That was 36 years ago and space flight has changed significantly since then, now NASA has more competition, as highlighted by Griffin during a visit to London: “Certainly it is possible that if China wants to put people on the Moon, and if it wishes to do so before the United States, it certainly can. As a matter of technical capability, it absolutely can.” – Dr Michael Griffin As to whether it actually matters whether China are the next to land on the Moon is open to interpretation. After all, the first nation to set foot on Earth’s natural satellite was the USA, so is a return trip a big psychological “victory” for China? “I’m not a psychologist, so I can’t say if it matters or not. That would just be an opinion and I don’t want to air an opinion in an area that I’m not qualified to discuss,” Griffin added. Recently, there has been increased cooperation between the US and China when sharing science and information. “We do have some early co-operative initiatives that we are trying to put in place with China, mostly centred around scientific enterprises. I think that’s a great place to start,” he said. Although many will view an early Chinese lunar mission as a NASA failure, both nations appear to be trying to forge close relationships that could possibly lead to joint space missions in the future. After all, even at the peak of the Cold War, the US and Russia began working on a common goal. “I think we’re always better off if we can find areas where we can collaborate rather than quarrel. I would remind your [audience] that the first US-Soviet human co-operation took place in 1975, virtually at the height of the Cold War. And it led, 18 years later, to discussions about an International Space Station (ISS) programme in which we’re now involved.” – Dr Michael Griffin Regardless of who gets to the Moon first, Griffin will be feeling the pressure of the “five-year gap” between the Shuttle being retired in 2010 and Constellation completion in 2015, there is still little alternative than relying on Russia and Europe for US access to space. Griffin has tried to increase Constellation funding by $2bn to bring completion forward by a year, but the application was quickly turned down by Congress. Those five long years may be more costly than the US government realizes as NASA loses more footing in manned access to space… Coop Solves – Spills Over To RelationsHaving peaceful and cooperative dialogue in regards to space fosters good US-Sino relations that solve extinction Hays, retired Airforce Lieutenant Colonel, 9 (Peter L., senior policy analyst supporting the plans and programs division of the National Security Space Office “Space and Sino-American Security Relations” http://web.mac.com/rharrison5/Eisenhower_Center_for_Space_and_Defense_Studies/Journal_Vol_2_No_3_files/Space%20and%20Defense%202_3.pdf SPACE and DEFENSE Volume Two Number Three Winter 2009 accessed: 6/28/11 pg 18) TJL Addressing four issue areas can help provide context and focus for these concerns: contrasting Chinese and American views of space and comparing the place of space during the Cold War with its role in the current global security environment; reviewing the evolution of security space capabilities and superpower space arms control; evaluating the role of space capabilities in Sino-American security interrelationships, particularly with respect to a potential conflict over Taiwan; and assessing the prospects for a range of possible cooperative ventures and transparency- and confidence-building measures (TCBMs). Defusing space apprehensions will be difficult and there are currently several worrisome trends, but space holds unique potential to help define the Sino-American security relationship and shape the very future of humanity. If Beijing and Washington can work towards resolving or at least lessening space tensions they will not only better manage their overall relationship but also open more opportunities to use space for the benefit of all humanity through pursuit of genuinely cooperative spacepower objectives such as joint science and exploration missions, generating wealth in space, harvesting energy from space, and, ultimately, improving the odds for humanity’s survival by better protecting Earth and creating capabilities to become a multi-planetary species. Space co-operation with China will spill over and solve globally Houpt, Master of Arts, Security Studies, Georgetown University, 2011 (Daniel M., “Does China have a comprehensive, coordinated, and consistent space policy? Implications for U.S. policymakers,” ProQuest, accessed 7/1/11, p. 60) EK However, the more pathways to government-to-government communication and confidence building that can be built in the space communities, the better. As mentioned, Europe has already pursued this path in their relations with China through Double Star and the Dragon Program. U.S. policymakers would be advised to at least study the progression of these programs to examine the risks, benefits, and outcomes of such cooperation. If deemed positive to U.S. goals, Europe may be willing to join with the U.S. and China in creating a new international space-based science venture, which could provide an informal mechanism to expand communication and cooperation. Furthermore, by forging ahead with cooperative measures in space, the U.S. can begin to construct space as a medium for cooperative international engagement, which will have an impact beyond near-term bilateral relations with China.
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