2. A reflexive pronoun must always refer to another noun or pronoun in the sentence.
Examples:
I myself signed the document. (“Myself” refers to “I” in the sentence.)
John himself chaired the meeting. (“Himself” refers to John in the sentence.)
The students cleaned the room themselves. (“Themselves” refers to students in the sentence.)
INCORRECT: My brother and myself went to the concert. (“Myself” doesn’t refer to anything.)
The job was done by himself. (“Himself” doesn’t refer to anything.)
Correct the following practice sentences. Write “C” if correct.
I hurt myself with a hammer.
The scratches on my arm will heal theirselves.
Chelsea asked herself a question: How can I graduate from high school?
Tim saved his money for his wife, for his children, and for hisself.
The counselor scheduled Faith, Shelby, and myself for HRE 3O.
We gave hisself a pieces of our minds.
They prepared a meal for themselves.
They themselves prepared the meal.
The meal was prepared by themselves.
Give the cash to myself on payday.
The boss gave the cash to me myself on payday.
I myself locked the door before I left.
Mr. Tessier gave the tests to Cole, Max, and myself.
Mother wanted my brother to clean his room himself.
The mouse ate the cheese by itself.
We ourselves decorated the room for the banquet.
The room was decorated by ourselves.
These candies are so good that they will sell theirselves.
You should do your homework yourself.
Yourselves should be the best judge of what is right.
Parallel Structure in Sentences
Parallel structure means using similar forms of words and phrases to express similar parts of a sentence. You can see what this means by looking at some examples like those below:
Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise. 3 adjectives
Sailing, surfing, and swimming are popular sports 3 –ing endings
After I opened the bill, I wrote the check. 2 past tense verbs
Stanley likes to fish, to hunt, and to drive. 3 infinitives
Government of the people, for the people and by the people… 3 similar phrases
Non-examples:
Stanley likes to fish, to hunt, and driving. “Driving” is not parallel.
It is easier to do the right thing than doing wrong. “To do” does not match “doing.”
Read each sentence. If the sentence structure is parallel, write “C.” If the structure is not parallel, write in corrections.
The new student was tall, athletic, and he was strong.
Planning your work in advance is better than to correct errors later.
We amused ourselves on Halloween Eve by telling ghost stories and watching spooky movies.
“To know you is loving you,” said the bride to her new husband.
Today’s new homes are smaller, simpler, and cost less money.
The young mechanic performed skillfully and competently on his first job.
The graduates crossed the stage slowly and with great care.
The babysitter entered the home, looked at the rowdy children, then she resigned from the job.
Many young workers not only have a full-time job but also they also work part-time.
Medical researchers have had much better luck finding cures for bacterial illnesses than illnesses caused by viruses.
A good ending is more important than a beginning that is good.
Two hundred years ago, most people could neither read nor write.
Mr. Nori scheduled the new student for English, Economics, and for Canadian history.
The excited Lotto winner jumped for joy and cashed the check.
The fugitive dyed his hair, packed his bags, and was leaving town.
Driving under the influence of alcohol is as dangerous to play Russian roulette.
being as,
being as how,
make it where,
reason is because…
NO! UGH!
In the movies, most young people are single, attractive, and free of cares.
Our Non-standard English Errors!
Watch out for these non-standard usage errors that we make when we write. Study each error, and learn how to correct each one of them.
being as, being that Correction: Use because or since. Look at the examples below.
Wrong: Being as you are here, come in for class.
Right: Since you are here, come in for class.
the reason is because… Correction: Use that instead of because or eliminate because.
Wrong: The reason he isn’t here is because he is sick.
Right: The reason he isn’t here is that he is sick.
make it where… Correction: Reword the sentence. Get rid of excess words.
make it to where… Wrong: The government should make it to where taxes are lower.
Right: The government should lower taxes.
seeing as how… Correction: Use because or since. Get rid of excess words.
being as how… Wrong: Seeing as how the work was done, the workers got paid.
Right: Because the work was done, the workers got paid.
Notice that in each correction, the best ways to write these meanings are shorter than the worst ways.
Read each sentence, find the errors, and write a correction above the sentence. There are a few extra errors in the sentences. If the sentence is correct, write “C.”
Being as we have bugs in the pantry, we should call an archaeologist immediately! Find an error.
The principal should make it where we have a longer lunch break.
The reason there was a salami was because there was an earthquake in the Pacific. Find an error.
The hiker took a detour seeing as how Sasquatch was standing in the path.
The school board should make it to where students could wear flip-flops to school.
Being that a student accidently drove his auto into the cement block wall of the equipment room on Saturday, an emergency crew had to cover the hole with plywood. Find an error.
The boy dropped his cell phone on the floor, and the reason was because his teacher was looking over his shoulder.
Being that the caveman felt frustrated by civilization, he sang sadly, “Please, just one time, let me be myself.”
Being as how the Ogopogo had just been sighted, dozens of photographers ringed the shore of the lake.
The main reason for most fatal accidents is because of excess speed.
Review on complex sentences!
Here we go again! We are forgetting how to write and punctuate complex sentences. Hey, they don't call them complex sentences for nothing, you know. Think about this topic one more time.
A complex sentence always has at least one dependent clause and at least one independent clause. Dependent clauses start with conjunctions like these, but there are many others. Do not try to memorize the list.
after as soon as if though where
although as though in order that unless wherever
as because since until while
as far as before so that when inasmuch as
as long as even though than whenever
You, with punctuation errors.
Refresh your memory by writing these definitions:
What is a dependent clause? ______________________________________________________________
What is an independent clause? ____________________________________________________________
Punctuation Rules
1. Place a comma after a dependent clause at the beginning of a sentence. (When Clyde tripped, he broke his nose.)
2. Do NOT place a comma before a dependent clause at the end of a sentence. (Clyde broke his nose when he tripped.)
REVIEW: Underline the conjunctions in these sentences. Then punctuate these complex sentences. Correct any other errors as well.
If you need a ride to Ottawa call me. Call me if you need a ride to Mexico City, too.
Even though the teacher is 130 years old she is still in her prime.
Turn off lights and appliances when not in use unless you want to pay high electric bills.
Wherever you may go in life you can find happeiness and contentment. Find an error.
Before you dismiss going to college because of high tuition fees investigate scholerships. Find an error.
Even though you are soon to be graduated from high school you will keep learning all of your life.
As far as the little gecko is concerned Geico Auto Insurance is the best.
By the time we get to Phoenix the sun will be rising.
Miscellaneous Topic
LOSE -- to miss something from one's possession LOOSE -- not fastened or secured, not tight fitting, to release, uncontrolled
Quinn will ( lose, loose) his keys if Zach pulls his keychain ( lose, loose).
Don't ( lose, loose) your hair in the wind, or you may ( lose, loose) your formal hairstyle.
If you ( lose, loose) a button, your waistband will be ( lose, loose).
Do not turn the horses ( lose, loose) unless they are fenced in a pasture.
( Lose, Loose) living frequently gets people into trouble.
The Beatles, Three Doors Down, and Beck have all recorded songs with the word "( loser, looser )" in the title.
Banks that are ( losing, loosing ) money are usually taken over by an agency of the federal government.
"Don't ( lose, loose) out! Get your designer series Snuggie today!" announces the television commerical. Find an error.
REVIEW ALL THAT YOU HAVE LEARNED.
Although the character Quint from the film “Jaws” is loved for his straightforward manner, his grammar requires work. Correct the following dialogue using the knowledge we learned from this unit.
Quint: Japanese submarine slammed two torpedoes into our side, Chief. We was comin' back from the island of Tinian to Leyte - just delivered the bomb, the Hiroshima bomb. Eleven hundred men went into the water. Vessel went down in 12 minutes. Didn't see the first shark for about half an hour - a tiger - thirteen footer. You know how you know that when you're in the water, Chief? You tell by lookin' from the dorsal to the tail. What we didn't know was our bomb mission had been so secret, no distress signal had been sent. They didn't even list us overdue for a week. Very first light, Chief, sharks come cruisin'. So we formed ourselves into tight groups. You know, it was kinda like old squares in the battle like that you see in the calendar named 'The Battle of Waterloo.' And the idea was, the shark comes to the nearest man and he starts poundin' and hollerin' and screamin'. Sometimes the shark go away. Sometimes he wouldn't go away. Sometimes that shark, he looks right into ya, right into your eyes. Y'know, the thing about a shark, he's got lifeless eyes, black eyes, like a doll's eyes. When he comes after ya, he doesn't seem to be livin' until he bites ya, and those black eyes roll over white, and then - aww, then you hear that terrible high-pitch screamin', the ocean turns red, and in spite of all the poundin' and the hollerin', they all come in and rip ya to pieces. You know, by the end of that first dawn, we lost a hundred men. I don't know how many sharks, maybe a thousand. I don't know how many men. They averaged six an hour. On Thursday morning, Chief, I bumped into a friend of mine, Herbie Robinson from Cleveland. Baseball player. Boatswain's mate. I thought he was asleep. I reached over to wake him up. Bobbed up, down in the water just like a kinda top. Upended. Well, he'd been bitten in half below the waist. Noon the fifth day, Mr. Hooper, a Lockheed Ventura saw us. He swung in low and he saw us. He was a young pilot, a lot younger than Mr. Hooper. Anyway, he saw us and he come in low and three hours later, a big fat PBY comes down and start to pick us up. You know, that was the time I was most frightened - waitin' for my turn. I'll never put on a life jacket again. So, eleven hundred men went in the water, three hundred and sixteen men come out, and the sharks took the rest, June the 29th, 1945. Anyway, we delivered the bomb.
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