Growth through Innovation An Industrial Strategy for Shanghai By Shahid Yusuf Kaoru Nabeshima April 22nd, 2009
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- Table 5.25: Deposits and Loan Balances of Financial Institutions in Shanghai (billion yuan)
- Table 5.26: Number of Financial Institutions in Shanghai, 2006-2007
- Table 5.27: Share of Loans and Savings in Beijing and China, 2000 and 2007
- Table 5.28: Basic Statistics on Shanghai Stock Exchange
II. The Financial SectorChina’s banking centered financial system has effectively supported development fuelled by heavy investment in infrastructure, urban real estate, and capital intensive manufacturing activities. This system has tended to favor SOEs and entities affiliated with local governments which have an adequate amount of assets to offer as collateral for loans. As the economy diversifies, services multiply, and the role of smaller firms continues increasing, a deepening of financial markets and the provision of a wider menu of financial choices would bolster economic performance. Shanghai’s financial sector is a leader in this regard and is contributing significantly not only to the municipal economy but more broadly to the emerging needs of the national economy. Industrial trends which enlarge the share of the technologically dynamic and potentially most competitive industries strengthen Shanghai’s longer term growth prospects. They are being buttressed by a widening of the financial system. Shanghai’s financial market has made solid progress in building the institutions mobilizing the resources and introducing the instruments to promote the expansion of the industrial activity in the Yangtze River region (see Table 5 .25). Between 2000 and 2007 savings deposits and loan balances have approximately tripled and by 2007, the deposit to GDP ratio had risen to 2. Table 5.25: Deposits and Loan Balances of Financial Institutions in Shanghai (billion yuan)
Source: Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2008 Other measures of financial depth provide corroborating evidence such as the number of banks operating in Shanghai and the savings and investment ratio in Shanghai. In 2007, there were 109 domestic banks and 84 foreign banks operating in Shanghai (see Table 5 .26). Among the 84 foreign banks, 45 could accept deposits and loans in yuan and were able to compete against local banks. Financial institutions in Shanghai, both foreign and local, have taken the lead in introducing new financial instruments and practices which are contributing to better resource allocation, improving the access to finance by smaller firms and consumers, and helping to enhance the growth potential of the entire urban region. Table 5.26: Number of Financial Institutions in Shanghai, 2006-2007
Source: Shanghai Statistical Yearbook 2008 Investment accounts for a large share of the growth in China and this is also true for Shanghai. It is supported by the local savings which have remained high. In 2007, the savings to GDP ratio in Shanghai was 249 percent and the ratio of loan to GDP was 178 percent. While the savings to GDP ratio in Shanghai is much higher than the national average, it is about one half of that in Beijing (see Table 5 .27). Table 5.27: Share of Loans and Savings in Beijing and China, 2000 and 2007
Note: Data for Beijing is from 2006 Source: China Statistical Yearbook 2008 Shanghai hosts the largest stock exchange in mainland China (the other stock exchange in located in Shenzhen). Based on the market capitalization, the SSE is the fifth largest in the world. The Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) began operating in December 1990. The number of listed companies increased from 188 in 1995 to 572 in 2000 and 834 in 2005 (Shanghai Stock Exchange 2007). The number of stocks listed rose from 220 in 1995 to 614 in 2000 and 904 in 2007. Correspondingly, the market value of stocks went from 253 billion yuan in 1995 to 2,693 billion yuan in 2000 and 26,884 billion yuan in 2007 (Shanghai Statistical Yearbook, 2008). In February 2008, 861 companies were listed on the SSE, and the total market capitalization of SSE was 23,340.9 billion yuan (or US$3,241.8 billion) (see Table 5 .28). In 1995, the total volume of stocks issued was 55.8 billion yuan, which went up to 213 billion yuan in 2000 and 1,237 billion yuan in 2006 (Shanghai Statistical Yearbook, 2007). One unique characteristics of the SSE (and the one in Shenzhen) is the different classification of shares. “A” shares denominated in yuan, were originally restricted to trading among domestic investors only. “B” shares denominated in US dollars, were open to foreign investors, but were closed to domestic investors. Subsequent reforms have eased these restrictions but there are still limitations on trading these shares by domestic and foreign investors. Between 2006 and 2008, Shanghai's stock market rose steeply as large current account surpluses increased the money supply which then fed the demand for equities. This demand was exacerbated by the continuing paucity of alternative sources of investment (DeWoskin 2008). Although the Shanghai market followed the international bourses down after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the market began reviving in April 2009 and it market capitalization is currently 73 percent of GDP which is higher than that of the U.S. (68), the UK (67) and Japan (64). The market's recent performance notwithstanding it remains a highly managed and largely domestic entity with licensed foreigners accounting for little more than one percent of the market capitalization. Furthermore, the stock market primarily serves the SOEs, many of which have diverted their productive assets into listed subsidiaries while retaining four-fifths of their shares, the bulk of which remain untraded even though in theory, up to 50 percent of the share should come onto the market as IPO lock-ups expire (Y. Huang, Saich and Steinfeld 2005; "Shanghigh" 2009). Development of the financial futures market and other attempts at broadening may have to wait until the financial crisis has passed and the shape of the new international regulatory architecture and of domestic systemic regulation becomes clearer. However, China is preparing to launch its own version of NASDAQ, The Growth Enterprise Board, which is scheduled to open on May 1st, 2009 at the Shenzhen Stock Exchange ("China to Establish" 2008). This board will provide an avenue for smaller high-tech companies to raise capital more easily from sources other than banks and family.113 Table 5.28: Basic Statistics on Shanghai Stock Exchange
Source: Shanghai Statistical Yearbook, 2007 Directory: curated curated -> Concept stage curated -> Concept stage curated -> Republic of Côte d'Ivoire Urbanization Review curated -> Report No: aus11011 Central America curated -> Report No. 94474-pk fiscal Disaster Risk Assessment Options for Consideration curated -> Environmental and Social Management Framework for the Costa Rica Telecommunications Sector Modernization Project curated -> Environment Impact Assessment For Jiangxi Shangrao Sanqingshan Airport Beijing Guohuantiandi Environmental Technology Development Center. Ltd. Oct. 2012 Content curated -> Report No: 70178. People's Republic of China curated -> Making Nutrition Policy Central to Development Understanding the Political and Institutional Conditions for Policy Change Case Study of the Political Economy of Nutrition Policies in Ethiopia Prepared By Download 0.88 Mb. Share with your friends:
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