Guahan rare pride project plan presented by


SECTION C: THREAT ANALYSIS



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SECTION C: THREAT ANALYSIS

4.0 Threat Ranking

Participants at the key stakeholder meeting provisionally ranked the direct threats that they identified. This work was subsequently ground-truthed by Guam Department of Agriculture. A threat ranking survey was distributed to the biologists and technicians of GDAWR, Wildlife Section. The following are results from returned threat ranking surveys.


4.1 Scope, Severity & Irreversibility of threats

First threats are ranked by the area of the site they affect (scope), by the severity or level of damage caused by the threat, and by the level of irreversibility (if not preserved it is likely to be eliminated with little or no chance of regeneration). See key below.


Table 2 – Threats ranked according to scope, severity, irreversibility



THREAT( FACTOR)

RANKING CUMULATIVE SCOPE, SEVERITY, IRREVERSIBILITY

INVASIVE SPECIES

IUCN 2.2

HIGH

FERAL/ NUISANCE ANIMALS

IUCN 2.5

HIGH

POLLUTION/LITTER

IUCN 6.2/6.3

MEDIUM

TOURISTS

IUCN 10.1

MEDIUM

INCREASED POPULATION

IUCN 10.6

HIGH

WILDLAND ARSON

IUCN 1.7

HIGH

HABITAT LOSS

IUCN 1.4

HIGH

EROSION/ RUN-OFF

IUCN 6.3

MEDIUM

OVER-HARVESTING

IUCN 3.1.1

MEDIUM

CULTURAL HUNTING

IUCN 3.5

MEDIUM

KEY TO THREAT CRITERIA (Based on Miradi definitions)
A: SCOPE (Area)

4 = Very High: The threat is likely to be very widespread across all or much of your site.

3 = High: The threat is likely to be widespread in its scope, and affect conservation targets at many locations at your site.

2 = Medium: The threat is likely to be localized in its scope, and affect the conservation target at some of the target’s locations at the site.

1 = Low: The threat is likely to be very localized in its scope, and affect the conservation target at a limited portion of the target’s location at the site.
B: SEVERITY – The level of damage to the conservation target that can reasonably be expected under current circumstances (i.e., given the continuation of the existing situation).

4 = Very High: The threat is likely to destroy or eliminate the conservation target over some portion of the target’s occurrence at the site.

3 = High: The threat is likely to seriously degrade the conservation target over some portion of the target’s occurrence at the site.

2 = Medium: The threat is likely to moderately degrade the conservation target over some portion of the target’s occurrence at the site.

1 = Low: The threat is likely to only slightly impair the conservation target over some portion of the target’s occurrence at the site.
C: IRREVERSIBILITY – The importance of taking immediate action to counter the threat.

4 = Very High: The effects of the direct threat are not reversible (e.g., wetlands converted to a shopping center).

3 = High: The effects of the direct threat are reversible, but not practically affordable (e.g., wetland converted to agriculture).

2 = Medium: The effects of the direct threat are reversible with a reasonable commitment of resources (e.g., ditching and draining of wetland).

1 = Low: The effects of the direct threat are easily reversible at relatively low cost (e.g., off-road vehicles trespassing in wetland).
4.2 Ability to influence & impact

A second screening of threats was then conducted to determine GDAWR’s ability to influence each of them. The Department recognizes that while it is always desirable to focus on the threats ranked highest in the previous exercise, there is little point focusing on one for which the agency has no competence or resources in mitigating. See key.


Table 3 – Threats ranked according to organizational ability, social practicality, and political feasibility



THREAT FACTOR

RANKING CUMULATIVE ORGANIZATIONAL ABILITY, SOCIAL PRACTICALITY, POLITICAL FEASIBILITY

INVASIVE SPECIES

IUCN 2.2

MEDIUM

FERAL /NUISANCE ANIMALS

IUCN 2.5

MEDIUM

POLLUTION/LITTER

IUCN 6.2/6.3

MEDIUM

TOURISTS

IUCN 10.1

LOW

INCREASED POPULATION

IUCN 10.6

LOW

WILDLAND ARSON

IUCN 1.7

MEDIUM

HABITAT LOSS

IUCN 1.4

MEDIUM

EROSION/ RUN-OFF

IUCN 6.3

MEDIUM

OVER-HARVESTING

IUCN 3.1.1

MEDIUM

CULTURAL HUNTING

IUCN 3.5

MEDIUM

KEY TO ABILITY TO INFLUENCE & IMPACT THE THREAT
A: Organizational ability: Does your group (or a partner) have the technical competencies and/or resources to address this threat. Does it have experience with the issue at hand?

4 = Very High: Organization (or partner) has the technical competences and resources on hand to address threat or remove barrier to threat mitigation

3 = High: Organization (or partner) can access the technical competences and resources to address threat or remove barrier to threat mitigation

2 = Medium: Organization has some technical competency and/or resources to address threat or remove barrier to threat mitigation

1 = Low: No competency or resources available
B: Social practicality: What barriers need to be removed to truly mitigate the threat. How difficult will it be to remove these barriers with the resources you have at hand, recognizing the prevailing, cultural, socio-economic climate?

4 = Very Easy: Barriers to behavior change easy to adopt, at little cost, and minimal disruption

3 = Easy: Barriers to behavior change require some expense, some disruption to the “normal way of doing things”

2 = Moderate: Barriers to behavior change require significant sacrifice, cost, loss of profits, new learning

1 = Difficult: Barriers to behavior change very high. New behavior requires high cost to adopt, new skills to be learned, traditional concerns overcome
C: Political feasibility: How supportive might the local political environment be. (This might include government, community leadership etc)

4 = Very Feasible: Government or community leadership already articulated strong support

3 = Somewhat feasible: Government or community leadership expressed support

2 = Unsure or unknown: The threat probably will need to be countered in the next 5-10 years, but does not need to be dealt with before then.

1 = Likely unfeasible: High socio-political barriers to overcome. Government or communities unlikely to support or endorse initiative

The ability of Guam Department of Agriculture to address these threats has been varied in response. Some issues, such as the impending military build-up and consequent urban development and construction, are of great biological and social concern but out of agency reach to halt or mitigate. However, the agency’s ability to positively change the community’s behavior regarding litter, invasive species and feral/nuisance animals seems feasible. Prioritizing and focusing in on these issues will also support current on-going projects such as the Cocos Island Restoration Project. This would entail educating the community on invasive and feral/nuisance species and biosecurity protocols. A recycling campaign called iRecycle launched the autumn of 2007 and engages schools and the public to collect aluminum cans. A littering campaign on Cocos Island may be advantageous in controlling rodent populations but efforts on Guam may be redundant.


The research conducted to date is built upon the foundation of a literature review and a stakeholder meeting that designed a Concept Model and ranked the factors that appeared in it. The result is based upon a number of assumptions that need to be tested before the launch of a campaign.


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