Guide to this bibliography and

S ocial, economic and

See also —

Related issues —

appropriate technology; artists' rights; cultural heritage; developing countries; exploitation; fair and equal remuneration; hygiene; international aid; leisure; New International Economic Order; right to education; right to strike; right to work; self-determination; standards of living; working conditions

AIKEN, WILLIAM. 'The Right to be Saved from Starvation', in William Aiken & Hugh La Follette (eds), World Hunger and Moral Obligation. Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall, 1977, pp. 85-102.

ALSTON, PHILIP. 'Human Rights and Basic Needs: A Critical Assessment'. (1979)
No. 1-2 XII Human Rights journal! Revue des Droits de PHomme, 19-67.

ALSTON, PHILIP. 'Human Rights and the New International Development Strategy'. (1979) 10 Bulletin of Peace Proposals, 218-90.

ALSTON, PHILIP. 'Linking Trade and Human Rights'. (1980) 23 German Yearbook of International Law, 126-58.

ALSTON, PHILIP. 'Peace as a Human Right'. (1980) 11 Bulletin of Peace Proposals, 319-30.

ALSTON, PHILIP. 'Prevention Versus Cure as a Human Rights Strategy', in Development,
Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Report of a Conference held in The Hague on

27 April — 1 May 1981 convened by the International Commission of jurists. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1981, pp. 31-108.

ALSTON, PHILIP. 'The United Nations' Specialized Agencies and Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights'. (1979) 18 Columbia Journal of Transnational Law, 79-118.

AUSTRALIA, ROYAL COMMISSION ON HUMAN RELATIONSHIPS. Final Report. 5 vols. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1977. ISBN 0 642 02889 3.

Part I: Introduction, Summary and Recommendations. Part II: Education for Human Relationships.

Part III: Health and Medical Education.

Part IV: Sexuality and Fertility.

Part V: The Family.

Part VI: Equality and Discrimination.

Part VII: Rape and other Sexual Offences.

AUSTRALIAN POPULATION AND IMMIGRATION COUNCIL. Immigration Policies and Australia's

Social, economic and cultural rights 341

BASTID, S. 'The Special Significance of the Helsinki Final Act', in Thomas Buergenthal & J. R. Hall (eds), Human Rights, International Law and the Helsinki Accord. Montclair, New Jersey, Allanheld, Osmum & Co., 1977, pp. 11-20.

ISBN 0 87663 828 0.

BLISHCHENKO, I. P. 'The Impact of the International Economic Order on Human Rights in Developing Countries'. (1980) 11 Bulletin of Peace Proposals, 375-86.

BOTHMANN, SUSAN & GORDON, ROBERT. Practising Poverty Law. Fitzroy, Victoria, Fitzroy Legal Service, 1979. Pp. 203. ISBN 0 959 6504 15.

BUERGENTHAL, THOMAS. 'International Human Rights Law and the Helsinki Final Act: Conclusion', in Thomas Buergenthal & J. R. Hall (eds), Human Rights, International Law and the Helsinki Accord. Montclair, New Jersey, Allanheld, Osmum & Co., 1977, pp. 3-10. ISBN 0 87663 828 0.

CALDWELL, M. E. 'Well-Being: Its Place Among Human Rights', in M. W. Reisman & B. H. Weston (eds), Toward World Order and Human Dignity. Essays in Honor of Myres S. McDougal. New York, The Free Press, 1976, pp. 169-197.

ISBN 0 02 926290 9.

CAPOTORTI, F. Study on the Rights of Persons Belonging to Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities. Report to UN Sub-Commission on Prevention of Discrimination and Protection of Minorities, E/CN 4/Sub. 2/383/Rev. 1, UNO 1977.

CASS, M. & WESTERN, J. S. Legal Aid and Legal Need. Canberra, Commonwealth Legal Aid Commission, 1980. Pp. 138. ISBN 0 642 89990 8.

CLAYDON, J. 'Internationally Uprooted People and the Transnational Protection of

DIAS, CLARENCE J. 'Realizing the Right to Development: The Importance of Legal Resources', in Development, Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Report of a Conference held in The Hague on 27 April - I May 1981 convened by the International Commission of jurists. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1981, Pp. 187-98.

DUPUY, RENE-JEAN (ed.). The Right to Health as a Human Right, Papers of a workshop of The Hague Academy of International Law and the United Nations University, The Hague, 27-29 July 1978. The Hague, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1979.

DUPUY, RENE-JEAN. The Right to Development at the International Level, Papers of a workshop of The Hague Academy of International Law and the United Nations University, The Hague, 16-18 October 1979. The Hague, Sijthoff & Noordhoff, 1980.

EDWARDS, ROBERT & STEWART, JENNY. Preserving Indigenous Cultures: A New Role for Museums. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1980. Pp. vii + 229. ISBN 0 642 03490 7.

ESPIELL, H. G. 'The Right of Development as a Human Right'. (1981) 16 Texas International Law journal, 189-205.

2 vols. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1978. Pp. x + 581. ISBN 0 642 03490 7.

GOODE, WILLIAM J. 'Family Patterns and Human Rights'. (1966) 18 International Social Science Journal, 45-60.

GOULET, D. 'In Defense of Cultural Rights: Technology Tradition and Conflicting Models of Rationality'. (1981) 3 Human Rights Quarterly, 1-18.

342 Bibliography
JACOBS, FRANCIS G. 'The Extension of the European Convention on Human Rights to

Include Economic, Social and Cultural Rights'. (1978) 3 Human Rights Review, 166-78.

JOBLIN, JOSEPH. 'Role of Human, Economic and Social Rights in the Advent of a New Society'. (1977) 2 Labour and Society, 349-76.

KADT, EMANUEL DE. 'Some Basic Questions on Human Rights and Development'. (1980) 8 World Development, 97-105.

LEGRAND, J. The Strategy of Equality. Redistribution and the Social Services. London, George Allen & Unwin, 1982. Pp. viii + 192. ISBN 004 336074 2.

This book examines a particular strategy for promoting social equality: public expenditure on the social services. It examines four areas of social policy: health care, education, housing and

transport. In each case, the distribution of public expenditure and of the 'outcome' of that expenditure are investigated, and the implications for various conceptions of equality discussed. The book includes an extensive bibliography.

MCCHESNEY, ALAN.' "Promoting the General Welfare in a Democratic Society":

Balancing Human Rights and Development'. (1980) 27 Netherlands International Law Review, 283-334.

MESTDAGH, KAREL DE VEY. 'The Right to Development'. (1981) 28 Netherlands International Law Review, 30-53.

NICKEL, JAMES W. 'Are Human Rights Utopian?'. (1982) 11 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 246-64.

Argues that scarcity of resources is not a valid ground for refusing to recognise human rights, particularly economic rights.

PAUL, JAMES. law, Socialism and the Human Right to Development in Third World Countries'. (1981) (No. 3) 7 Review of Socialist Law, 235-42.

PEFFER, RODNEY. 'A Defense of Rights to Well-Being'. (1978) 8 Philosophy and Public Affairs, 65-87.

Justifies some economic rights on the basis of a 'right to satisfaction of basic needs', but does not specify how needs give rise to rights.

RAMCHARAN, B. G. 'A Critique of the Third World Response to Violations of Human Rights', in A. Cassese (ed.), U.N . LawIF undamental Rights. Two Topics in

RAPHAEL, D. D. 'Human Rights, Old and New', in Raphael, D. D. (ed.), Political Theory and the Rights of Man. London, Macmillan, 1967, pp. 54-67.

SHUE, HENRY. Basic Rights. Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1980.

Argues that there must be a moral right to subsistence, since this is a precondition to the enjoyment of all other rights.

STERBA, JAMES P. 'The Welfare Rights of Distant Peoples and Future Conditions: Moral
Side-Constraints on Social Policy'. (1981) 7 Social Theory and Practice, 99-119.

An interesting attempt to base positive welfare rights on the right to life.

SWART, A. H. J. 'The Legal Status of Aliens: Clauses in Council of Europe Instruments

relating to the Rights of Aliens'. (1980) 11 Netherlands Yearbook of International Law, 3-65.

Social, economic and cultural rights 343

SZABO, IMRE. Cultural Rights. Budapest, Akademiai Kiado, 1974. Pp. 116.

In this monograph, the author makes a distinction between the right to instruction, the right to institutional formation, and the right to education. The progress of these rights in constitutions is traced. The book also discusses 'cultural rights' which come within the UNESCO's sphere of activity.

TRIVEDI, R. N. 'Human Rights, Right to Development and the New International Economic Order — Perspectives and Proposals', in Development, Human Rights and the Rule of Law: Report of a Conference held in The Hague on 27 April — I May 1981 convened by the International Commission of jurists. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1981, pp. 131-42.

TROY, PATRICK N. (ed.). A lust Society? Equity in Australia. Sydney, George Allen & Unwin, 1981. ISBN 0868612421.

A collection of critical essays looking at social justice and social policy in Australian society.

VAN DYKE, V. 'The Individual, the State and Ethnic Communities in Political Theory', in D. P. Kommers & G. D. Loescher (eds), Human Rights and American Foreign Policy. Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press, 1979, pp. 36-62. ISBN 0 268 01071 4.

VAN DYKE, VERNON. 'The Cultural Rights of Peoples'. (1980) 2(2) Universal Human Rights, 1-21.

VERWEY, Wm. D. 'The Establishment of a New International Economic Order and the Realisation of the Right to Development and Welfare: A Legal Survey'. (1981) 21 Indian Journal of International Law, 1-78.

WATSON, DAVID. 'Welfare Rights and Human Rights'. (1977) 6Yournal of Social Policy, 31-46.

WELLMAN, CARL. 'Taking Economic Rights Seriously', in Memoria del X Congreso Mundial Ordinario de Filosofia del Derecho y Filosofia Social. Mexico City, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, 1981, vol. 1, pp. 73-85.

While not dismissing the concept of economic rights, Wellman identifies problems arising from scarcity of resources, and difficulties in specifying the content of rights, and against whom and by whom rights may be claimed.

WELLMAN, CARL. Welfare Rights. Totowa, New Jersey, Rowman & Littlefield, 1982. Pp. vi + 221. ISBN 0 8476 6759 6.

This book is a philosophical analysis of welfare rights. It is a systematic theory of welfare rights which discusses issues, such as: How can one identify the possessor of a given right? and How, if at all, are welfare rights granted in human rights?

WHITEKER, B. 'Minority Rights and Self-Determination', in D. P. Kommers & G. D. Loescher (eds), Human Rights and American Foreign Policy. Notre Dame, Indiana, University of Notre Dame Press, 1979, pp. 63-76. ISBN 0 268 01071 4.

M
344
ulticulturalism

See also —

Related issues —

assimilation; cultural pluralism; ethnicity; immigration; integration

AUSTRALIA, DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATION AND ETHNIC AFFAIRS. National Consultations on Multiculturalism and Citizenship. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1982. Pp. v + 38. ISBN 0 644 02184 5.

AUSTRALIAN ETHNIC AFFAIRS COUNCIL. Australia as a Multicultural Society. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1977. Pp. 19.

AUSTRALIAN POPULATION AND IMMIGRATION COUNCIL AND AUSTRALIAN ETHNIC AFFAIRS COUNCIL. Multiculturalism and its Implications for Immigration Policy. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1979. Pp. 16.

BULLIVANT, BRIAN. 'Australia's Pluralist Dilemma: An Age-old Problem in a New Guise'. (1983) 55 Australian Quarterly, 136-48.

CHIPMAN, LAUCHLAN. 'Ethnicity', in Alice Erh-Soon Tay et al. (eds), Teaching Human Rights: An Australian Symposium. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1981, pp. 129-33.

The author describes in this paper the concept of 'hard' multiculturalism which involves a group pluralist vision of society, with individuals deriving their 'identity' from membership of intersecting groups.

CHIPMAN, LAUCHLAN. 'The Menace of Multi-Culturalism'. (1980) 24 Quadrant, 3-6.

CLYNE, MICHAEL G. Multilingual Australia Resources — Needs — Policies. Melbourne, River Seine Publications, 1982. Pp. x + 178. ISBN 0 909 367 094.

Comprehensive bibliography.

FRASER, MALCOLM. Multiculturalism: Australia's Unique Achievement. Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service, 1981. Pp. 6.

JUPP, JAMES. 'Multiculturalism: Friends and Enemies, Patrons and Clients'. (1983) 55 Australian Quarterly, 149-59.

LIPPMAN, LORNA. The Aim is Understanding. Educational Techniques for a Multi-Cultural Society. 2nd edn. Sydney, Australia and New Zealand Book Company, 1977.

Pp. x + 85. ISBN 0 85552 064 7.

In this case, the High Court recognised important differences that stemmed from the national and cultural origins of individual Australians. A determination of the 'reasonableness' of an act of a person (in this case, the killing of the accused's wife) must be taken in light of the accused's ethnic background.

NOVAK, M. 'The New Ethnicity'. (May 1983) Quadrant, 35-9.

PARTINGTON, GEOFFREY. 'Education for a Multicultural Society'. (1981) 53 Australian Quarterly, 467-75.

Social, economic and cultural rights 345

SESTITO, RAYMOND. The Politics of Multiculturalism. St Leonards, The Centre for Independent Studies, 1982. Pp. viii + 42. ISBN 0 949769 06 1.

This booklet tries to give an answer to the question: why do politicians promote multiculturalism? The author argues that multiculturalism cannot be seen as the result of migrants becoming more politically aware and organising to pursue their common interests and that political parties are the initiators of the new policies. They adopt this new policy as a way of buying votes.

Smoucz, J. J. Culture and Education in A Plural Society. Canberra, The Curriculum Development Centre, 1979. Pp. vii + 367. ISBN 0 642 96056 4.

ZUBRZYCKI, J. 'Cultural Pluralism and Discrimination in Australia: with Special Reference to White Minority Groups', in W. A. Veenhoven & W. Crum Ewing (eds), Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A world Survey. The Hague, Nijhoff, 1976, vol. 3, pp. 397-434. ISBN 90 247 1779 5.

2
346
5

Table of international

instruments

1904 International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic (Protocol 1949) 7

1910 International Convention for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic (Protocol 1949) . . . 7

1919 Constitution of the International Labour Organization (Part XIII of the Treaty of Versailles) . . . 68-9

1921 Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children (Protocol 1947) . . . 7

1926 International Slavery Convention (Protocol 1953) . . . 7

1930 Convention Concerning Forced Labour (ILO) . . . 68

Protocol Relating to a Certain Case of Statelessness . . . 7

Protocol Relating to Military Obligations in Certain Cases of Double Nationality 7

1933 Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age (Protocol 1947) . . . 7

1945 Charter of the United Nations . . . xi, 3, 13, 16, 62, 63, 67
Statute of the International Court of Justice. . . 67

1947 Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children of 1921 . . . 7

Protocol to the Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age of 1933. . .7

1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (U.N.) . . . xi, 3-5, 13-14, 17, 64, 74, 77 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (U.N.)

. . . 7, 14, 67

Convention Concerning Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise (ILO) . . . 68, 69

Charter of the Organisations of American States (Bogota Charter) . . . 74 American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man (Organisation of American States) . . . 74

Inter-American Charter of Social Guarantees (Organisation of American States) . . . 74

1949 Geneva Conventions on the Protection of Victims of War (U.N.) . . . 7

Convention Concerning the Application of the Principles of the Right to Organize

and Bargain Collectively (ILO) . . . 68

Protocol to the International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave

Traffic of 1904. . .7

Protocol to the International Convention for the Suppression of the White Slave

Traffic of 1910. . .7

1950 European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. . . 32, 65, 71-4

1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (U.N.) (Protocol 1967) . . . 5, 7, 67 Convention Concerning Wage Fixing Machinery in Agriculture (ILO) . . . 7 Convention Concerning Equal Remuneration for Men and Women Workers for

Work of Equal Value (ILO) . . . 68

1952 Convention on the Political Rights of Women (U.N.) . . . 5, 64, 67

Table of international instruments 347

1953 Protocol to the Slavery Convention of 1926. . . 7

1954 Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons (U.N.) . . . 9, 67

1956 Supplementary Convention on the Abolition of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and Institutions and Practices Similar to Slavery (U.N.) . . . 7

1957 Convention on the Nationality of Married Women (U.N.) . . 7, 67 Convention Concerning the Abolition of Forced Labour (ILO) . . . 7, 68, 69 Convention Concerning the Protection and Integration of Indigenous and Other

Tribal and Semi-Tribal Populations in Independent Countries (ILO) . . . 48-9 European Economic Community Treaty (Treaty of Rome) . . . 73

1958 Convention Concerning Discrimination in Respect of Employment and Occupation (ILO) . . . 68

1959 Declaration of the Rights of the Child (U.N.) . . . xii, 24, 26, 60-1, 64, 103, 105

1960 Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries (U.N.) . . . 64 Convention against Discrimination in Education (UNESCO) . . . 5, 7, 70

1961 Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness (U.N.) . . . 9, 67

1962 Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages (U.N.) . . .64

Protocol Instituting a Conciliation and Good Offices Commission (UNESCO) . . . 70

1963 Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (U.N.) . . . 64

1964 Convention Concerning Employment (Policy), (ILO) . . . 7

1965 International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial

Discrimination (U.N.) . . . xii, 5, 9, 14, 16, 20-1, 22, 23, 26, 35, 36, 43, 64-5, 67,71

1966 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (U.N.) . . . xii, 5, 9, 14-16,

17, 23-4, 26, 28, 31, 34, 46, 50, 54, 63, 64, 65-6, 71, 74, 99, 103, 109, 110, 112 Optional Protocol. . . 65-6

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (U.N.) . . . 5, 9, 14, 15-16, 64-6, 85-6

Declaration of the Principles of International Cultural Co-operation (UNESCO) 70

1967 Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women (U.N.) . . . 64 Declaration on Territorial Asylum (U.N.) . . . 64

Protocol to the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees of 1951 . . . 9 Revised Charter of the Organization of American States . . . 74

1968 Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity (U.N.) . . . 64

1969 American Convention on Human Rights. . . 74-6

1971 Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons (U.N.) . . . xii, 24. 26-7, 52-6

1973 International Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (U.N.) . . . 64

1975 Declaration on the Rights of Disabled Persons (U.N.) . . . xii, 24, 26-7, 52-3

1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (U.N.) . . . xii, 9, 41, 64

2
348
6

Table of statutes

Constitution

s.51(xxvi) (race power) . . . 35, 45, 48, 49

s.51(xxvii) (immigration) . . . 35

s.51(xxix) (external affairs power) . . . 9, 19-21, 33, 35, 41, 48,49 s.51(xxxi) (acquisition of property on just terms) . . . 18, 19 s.51(xxxvii) (reference of powers by States) . . . 48

s.80 (trial by jury) . . . 18, 19

s.92 (freedom of interstate trade) . . . 19

s.99 (preferential treatment to States) . . . 18-19

s.109 (inconsistency of State and Commonwealth laws) . . . 35, 42-3

s.116 (freedom of religion) . . . 18, 19

s.117 (discrimination on loss of State of residence) . . . 18-19

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders (Queensland Discriminatory Laws) Act 1975

22, 35

Aboriginal Land Fund Act 1974. . . 46

Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975 . . . 23 Air Navigation Regulations. . . 20

Broadcasting and Television Act 1942 . . . 28 Citizenship Act 1948 . . . 28

Compensation (Commonwealth Government Employees) Act 1971 . . . 41

Conciliation and Arbitration Act 1904. . . 42-3 Crimes Act 1914 . . .28

Freedom of Information Act 1982 . . . 23 Handicapped Persons Assistance Act 1974. . . 57-8

Human Rights Commission Act 1981 . . . xii, 25-30, 31, 54, 91

Income Tax Assessment Act 1936. . . 58 Law Reform Commission Act 1973 . . . 22 Ombudsman Act 1976. . . 23

Racial Discrimination Act 1975 . . . xii, 9, 20, 22, 23, 25, 26-30, 35-6, 39, 40, 41, 43 Repatriation Act 1920. . . 41, 58

Sex Discrimination Act 1983 . . . xii, 23, 40-2 Social Security Act 1947 . . . 41, 56-7, 58