Guizhou Cultural and Natural Heritage Protection and Development Project Environmental Impact Assessment Guiyang Hydropower Investigation Design & Research Institute China Hydropower Engineering Consultation Group Corporation September 18


Cultural and Natural Heritages in Project Area



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Cultural and Natural Heritages in Project Area


      1. Scenic Areas

There are 3 national scenic areas and 3 provincial scenic areas involved in the project, they are:



  • Wuyang River National Scenic Area;

  • Malinghe Canyon-Wanfeng Lake National Scenic Area;

  • Liping Dong Village National Scenic Area

  • Rongjiang Ancient Banyan Provincial Scenic Area;

  • Tiantai Mountain-Shilahe Provincial Scenic Area; and

  • Jinping Sanbanxi-Longxi Ancient Town Provincial Scenic Area.

Although relevant national regulations require that functional zoning is palled within the scenic areas at national level, the scenic areas in the project area is in its initial stage of such planning. The final zoning planning for these affected scenic areas will be completed pending on the preliminary design of the components in the areas. The Guizhou Construction Commission has issued an official document to confirm this approach.



A. Wuyang River National Scenic Area

The Wuyang River National Scenic Area covers an area of 620 km2. The Master Plan for Wuyang River National Scenic Area indicates that there are 10 regions within this area to be developed for tourist attraction. Closely associated with the project are Shamu River Scenic Area and the Jiuzhou Ancient Town in Huangping.




  • Shamu River Scenic Area

The Shamu River Scenic Area is one of the 10 most important scenic regions of Wuyang River National Scenic Area. This area is located in Shibing County, in the central part of Wuyang River National Scenic Area. Shamu River Scenic Area is located in the northwest of Shibing County, with the distance of 14 km to the urban area. The environment around the starting point and ending point of boat driftage sport in Shamu River shows in Figure 5.6-1. This scenic area can be divided into 4 sub-areas including Shechong, Huangtunei, Zijinguan and Jiangjiatian, with a total area of 96 km2. There are 19 scenic spots in the Shamu River Scenic Area, which are comprised by beautiful natural landscapes formed by water and steep ridges. The Shamu River is a branch of Wuyang River in a length of 44km and a gradient of 640m. There are 1800 residents living in the area, and 7 villages located along the road from Shibing to Yuqing and 3 villages located along the Shamu River. The main traffic of the scenic area is the road from Shibing to Yuqing with the length of 22km within the scenic area, 17km of which connects Shibing and Yangliutang station. There are 6km roadway and 6km pathway in the scenic area. The driftage was started from 1995 in the reach of Baishajing in Jiangjiatian.
Figure 5.6-1 The Environmental Status of Driftage Area in Shamuhe Scenic Area



The Jiuzhou Town is one of the 10 scenic regions of Wuyang River National Scenic Area. It is also recognized as one of the 10 famous historical and cultural towns and one of the 20 important protection and construction minority towns in Guizhou. It is also designated as a pilot unit in the small town construction program, and one of the 5 economic development towns in Qiandongnan prefecture. A picture of the street in Jiuzhou Town is given in Figure 5.6-2. The assembly halls in Jiuzhou include Sichuan hall (Chuanzhu temple), Jiangxi hall (Wanshou palace), Linjiang hall (Renshou palace), Fujian hall (Tianhou Temple), Jiangnan hall and so on. There are 4 gates in each side of this town, and another small gate in the west with thousands of emplacements, 5 water falls and 1 water gate. It is seeking a status of National Famous Historical and Cultural Town.
Figure 5.6-2A The Environmental Status of the Streets in Huangping Jiuzhou Ancient Town
Figure 5.6-2B The Environmental Status of the Streets in Huangping Jiuzhou Ancient Town

B. Malinghe Canyon-Wanfeng Lake National Scenic Area

This national scenic area is located in the Xinyi county and Anlong county of Qianxinan prefecture, with the total area of 450 km2. The Malinghe Canyon Scenic Area includes the Malinghe canyon, Xifenglin, Dongfenglin, and the Wanfeng Lake, which was designated as the provincial scenic area in 1987 and one of the third groups of national scenic areas approved by the State Council.


The Wanfenglin Scenic Area is located within the Malinghe Canyon-Wanfeng Lake National Scenic Area. The Wanfenglin scenic area is formed by thousands of steep ridges. It is bordered by Xingba road to the south east, by Malinghe canyon to the west, and by Nanpan River to the north. It covers an area of nearly 6.7km2. The picture of Xifenglin scenic area is shown in Figure 5.6-3.
Figure 5.6-3 The Environmental Status of the Xifenglin Scenic Area

C. Liping Dong Village National Scenic Area

The Liping Dong Village National Scenic Area covers 15 villages and towns, including Gaotun, Defeng, Hongzhou, Shangzhong, Shuikou, Zhaoxing, Longe, Maogong, Bazai, Yandong, Koujiang, Shuangjiang, Diping in Liping counties. The total area is 159 km2.


The Zhaoxing town involved by the Zhaoxing Dong cultural heritage protection is located in the Liping Dong Village National Scenic Area A picture of Zhaoxing Dong Village is shown in Figure 5.6-4
Figure 5.6-4 The Environmental Status of Zhaoxing Dong Village

D. Rongjiang Ancient Banyan Provincial Scenic Area

This component mainly involves the Shanbao Dong village scenic area. The Shanbao Dong village includes three parts of Shangbao, Zhongbao and Xiabao, which are the intensive agglomeration of Dong with 2,467 households and the population of 13,197. The main minority customs of Shanbao Dong village include roadblocks songs, roadblocks toast, sing over the night, dragon performance, sing in the feast, drama of Dong, wedding customs and the folk festivals of Shama and Chixin and so on. There are the highest village drum-tower of Dong over the world and 38 ancient banyans, 35 of which are over 300 years old. The environmental status of Shanbao Dong village scenic area is shown in Figure 5.6-5. The Shanbao village involved by the Chejiang Shanbao village cultural heritage protection is located in the Rongjiang ancient banyan provincial scenic area.


Figure 5.6-5 The Environmental Status of Sanbao Dong Villages

E. Tiantaishan-Shilahe Provincial Scenic Area

The Tianlong Town is in the Tiantaishan scenic area of Tiantaishan-Shilahe Provincial Scenic Area. There are 15 scenic sites such as Wulong Temple which is a national–level cultural relics unit. The primary forest and Tianlong fortress ancient town in the Tiantaishan scenic area. The core area is 67km2. The environment status of Tianlong ancient town is shown in Figure 5.6-6.


Figure 5.6-6 the Environmental Status of Tianlong Ancient Town

F. Jinping Sanbanxi-Longli Ancient Town Provincial Scenic Area

The Longli ancient town involved by Longli ancient town heritage protection is part of the Jinping Sanbanxi-Longli ancient town provincial scenic area. It has been successfully listed in the second group of provincial historical and cultural towns in Guizhou. In March 1999, China Government and Norway Government signed a cooperation intention letter to construct the Guizhou Ecological Museum Group. In December 1999, Guizhou Provincial Government approved the proposal for construction of ecological museum in Longli ancient town. In 2001, Longli ancient town ecological museum has been agreed to join the group of international museum association. This ecological museum is classified into protection zone, control zone and buffer zone. The total area is 530,000 m2, and the area in the ancient town is 4,817m2 with a perimeter of 1,500m. The main cultural relics in the ancient town include Longbiao College, Zhuangyuan Temple, Zhuangyuan Bridge, traditional houses, water systems. The Longbiao College is a key cultural relic protection unit in Jinping county. The environmental status of Longli ancient town is shown in Figure 5.6-7.


Figure 5.6-7A The Environmental Status of Longli Ancient Town
Figure 5.6-7B The Environmental Status of Moat
Figure 5.6-7C The Environmental Status of Resettlement Area

      1. Geo-Parks

There are 2 national geo-parks to be involved in the project. They are the Guanling National Geo-Park and Xingyi National Geo-Park. The functional zoning and classification of protection of fossils in the two geo-parks are discussed in Section 4.3.3.



A. Guanling National Geo-Park

The Guanling National Geo-Park is located in the Xinpu Village in Guanling County, which is in the southwest of Guizhou. The area of the park is 26km2, the area of protection zone is 200km2 with the core area of 0.94km2. This park includes 15 villages of Shangjiuda, Xiajiuda, Sanjiazai, Shazitian, Daao, Xiaoao, Maoao, Hongyan, Wufangzai, Duimianshan, Wenjiatian, Pingpo, Baobaozai, Huangtutang and Xita. The Huajiang Canyon Provincial Scenic Area is 35 km to the south of the park.


The Guanling Geo-Park is underlied with lime stones and rocks formed in the Late Triassic. The vegetative covers are rare and the rocks are strongly weathered. The features of interest of the park include fossils and associated statra landscape. Relevant studies indicate that the discovered fossils of fish, sea reptiles and sea lily are the most valuable fossil groups in the world in term of integrity, species and quantity. Thus it is generally regarded as an unique treasure of marine animal fossils that is very valuable for study of the Late Biassic.
The main species of marine animal fossils are listed in the following box:
Box 5.1: Fossil Resource in Guanling National Geo-Park

Category

Name of fossil species

Marine reptile

Ppanjiangsaurus epicharis

Xinpusaurus bamaolinensis

Neosinasaurus hoangi

Wayaosaurus belles

Wayaosaurus geei

Xixosaurus guanglingensis

Guizhouichthyosaurus tangae

Xinpusaurus suni

Guanlingsaurus liangae

Psephochelys polyosteoderma

Sinocyamodus xinpuensis Sinocyamodus xinpuensis

Fish

Parvicorona dacrysulca

Annulicorona pyramidalis

Sea lily

Traumatocrinus guanlingensis

Traumatocrinus xinpuensis

Plant

Ctenozamites sarrani

Equisetites arenaceus

Cephalopod

Paratrachyceras baiyanenses

Paratrachyceras guanling

Enoploceras xinpuense

Alloceratites sp

Sibyllites cf. tenuispinatus

Other

Theelia planorbicula

The picture of Guanling national geological park is shown in Figure 5.6-8.


Figure 5.6-8 Guanling National Geo-Park


B. Xingyi National Geo-Park

The Xingyi National Geo-Park is located in the Xinyi County of Qianxinan Prefecture. Establishment of the Geo-Park was approved by Ministry of Land Resource on January 19, 2004. It is the first geo-park ever established in Guizhou. Completion of the park was on September 28, 2005. The Xingyi National Geo-Park is famous for the locally called Guizhou dragon fossil (Keichousaurushui) and the typical cone and tower karst topographical features (see Figure 2.6-9). The park includes 8 scenic areas, including Malinghe Canyon area, Xifenglin rural scenic area, Dongfenglin lake scenic area, Dingxiao Guizhou dragon scenic area, Wusha Guizhou dragon scenic area, Nidang stone forest scenic area, Pogang karst ecological area, and Wanfeng Lake area . The area of this park is 350km2, and the peripheral protection area is 1000 km2.


The Dingxiao Guizhou dragon scenic area is located in the east of Dingxiao. It includes the Luyin village and the discovery site of Guizhou dragon. Discovery of Xingyi Dingxiao Guizhou Dragon marks the start of the study of marine reptiles fossils formed in the Triassic in Asia. The representative species of fossils discovered in the geo-park are Keichousaurushui, Lariosaurus shingyiensis, Peltopleurus orienlalis, Asialepidotus shingyiensis and Sinoeugna thus kueichowensis. .
Figure 5.6-9 The Guizhou Dragon Museum and the Guizhou Dragon Fossil

      1. Protected Cultural Relics Unit

There are 2 cultural relics protection units involved in the project, they are the Shiqiao White Paper Workshops and Sanmentang Ancient Buildings Complex..

A. Shiqiao White Paper Workshops



The Shiqiao White Paper Workshops are located in the Shiqiao village of Danzai County in Qiandongnan prefecture. The white paper workshops in Shiqiao can be dated back to the Han dynasty period. It is a cultural relics protection unit and one provincial preservation unit of cultural relics and is one component in the Intangible Cultural Heritage Inventory.

B. Sanmentang Ancient Buildings Complex



The Sanmentang Ancient Building Complex is in the Benchu Town of Tianzhu County in Qiandongnan Prefecture. The archetectural style of the builingds complex is a representative of the North Dong culture. There are over 300 ancient steles, 68 ancient trees, 28 ancient buildings, 20 ancient wells, 17 pounds, 6 stone arched bridges, 10 stone slab bridges, 12 stone slab roads, over 30 cobble roads and so on in the village. Most of the buildings were built during the Qianlong Emperior period and the Jiaqing Emperior period of Qin Dynasty, over 400 years old. It is well known for the abundance and well preserved intergrity of the cultural relics of Qing Dynasty in China. The Liu Ancestral Hall (Figure 5.6-10) has been acknowledged for the National Cultural Relics Protection Unit.
Figure 5.6-10 The Liu Ancestral Hall in Sanmentang

      1. Famous Historical and Cultural Town



A. Jiuzhou Ancient Town
The component of Jiuzhou Ancient Town cultural heritage protection involves the Jiuzhou town of Anshun City which is one of the first group towns awarded with the title of provincial famous historical and cultural towns in 2006 (Figure 5.6-11). Jiuzhou Ancient Town is 25 km northwest to Huangping County. Most of the ancient buildings were built in the period from Ming Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. The well known ancient buildings are Renshou Palace, Tianhou palace, Wenchang Palace, Fuzhong Bridge and Dayuan Residencial Buildings. The total area of the ancient town is 1.4 km2, and the peripheral construction control area is 110.38 km2. On 25 may, 2006, the Jiuzhou Ancient Town has been listed in the Inventory of National Cultural Relics Protection Unit. It is making an effort to claim the status of National Famous Historical and Cultural Town.
Figure 5.6-11 The Environmental Status of Streets in Jiuzhou Fortress

B. Xijiang Miao Villages

The component of Xijiang Miao cultural heritage protection involves the Xijiang Miao Village (Figure 5.6-12) of Leishan County in Qiandongnan prefecture which is the provincial famous historical and cultural town and one of the 13 key ethnic minority villages to be protected and developed. The Xijiang thousands-household village is known as the culture and art museum of Miao as it is the largest Miao village with the integrated ecological culture of Miao, and it is one village in the third group of National Famous Historical and Cultural Towns in 2007.


Figure 5.6-12 Xijiang Miao Villages

      1. Other Cultural Heritages

Other cultural heritage protection components involve the protection on intangible cultural heritages and training programs for the protection and development of minority finery, craft, festivals, songs and dances. The typical intangible heritages in the regions involved by the project are as the following:

.

A. Biasha Gunman Tribe

Biasha is the famous gunman culture village, and it is known as the unique ethnic cultural of gunman tribe in the world and reaggarded as an ancient ecological culture museum of Miao. The most distinctive feature of Biasha is the warrior image of men with bob (Figure 5.6-13). The people of Miao in this tribe still live the primitive life. The Biasha village was classified as one of the 10 key minority villages of Guizhou for conservation.

Biasha village has preserved the prestine ecological environment where vegetation is not disturbed and and ancient trees are protected. The people of Biasha live by growing rice and hunting, and believe in the Kinokami and Titan. The tribal folk culture is also distinctive, for example, the boys of 7 to 15 years old will be tonsured by shaikh with the sickle which is sharpened with the water boiled eggs. The boy should keep the hairstyle which only retains hair at the top all the lifetime. When the boy is 15 years old, he will be granted with a shotgun from his farther which marked the start of independent life of the boy as an adult. The most distinctive features of the men in Biasha village are black clothes, huge black trousers, the tobacco bag on waist, the gourd contained bullet, horn, machetes and guns on shoulders. The features of women there are partial bun, insert with wooden comb, and the triangular skirt printed graphics.
The Biasha villagers worship the Titan. The people will line up and face to the direction where the sun rises and retreat seven-step before the start of congregation. They also worship the Kinokami and hold memorial ceremony for the trees in the festival. When they died, the corpse will be buried with the cover of black cloth and bound with bamboo twig. There will grow a tree upon the grave without the rideau. For this reason, the Biasha villager is abundance of trees and without tombs.
Figure 5.6-13 Biasha Gunman


B. Xiaohuang Traditional Chorus of Dong

Xiaohuang Village has been well known as the Village of Folk Culture and Arts for Dong traditional chorus. It is an important ethnic minority cultural tourism destiny in Chongjiang County.


Xiaohuang Village is famous for Dong traditional chorus. All the residents there love songs. Besides the famous chorus, there are more than 10 types of songs such as love song, lute song, cicada song, acceptance songs, toast song, fiesta song, labor song, narrative song and so on. There are 52 singing groups with a total population of 2,000 including both the youth and elder. It preserves the tradition that songs passed from old people to childeren, and young people is the mainstream to sing songs.. In the Xiaohuang Village, everyone can sing, and the songs permeate through everything of all times. The songs are not only performed in festivals but also when the young men and women fall in love, as well as the welcome and valediction for guest. The Dong traditional chorus of Xiaohuang village is a chorus without music instruments and guide. The alt, mediant and bourdon integrated coordination with the perfect harmony, and the gentle euphemism style, the elegant beautiful melody of the chorus are famous in the world. The chorus is lead by one primary singer and the others sing for chorus. The wonderful melody can bring the audiences into the beautiful harmony of nature.
The folk customs of Xiaohuang village are simple, especially the Sing Over the Night and the Valentine's Day When night comes, couples in pairs meet in the drum-tower, the flower bridge, the bamboo grove or the stream bank with amorism through the night. The Valentine's Day of Xiaohuang village is the June 5 and 6 in lunar calendar. In that day, the married men and women over 40 years old will dress up and take sticky rice bowl and salted fish to date with former lovers. They will climb up the hillside hand by hand, recalling the stories in the past years, singing love songs from morning til the next day. Therefore, Xiaohuang village is called as the Village without Night.
Figure 5.6-14 The Grils of Xiaohuang Village Perform Chorus of Dong


B. Raohao tin embroidery

Raohao tin embroidery is a special craft of Miao in the villages in Jianhe County, such as Raohao village and Liufu village. It is regarded as the symbol for wisdom by the Miao and considered as the clear distinguishment from other minorities. The tin embroidery is a kind of exquisite handicrafts with clear pattern, unique material and high appreciation and collection value. The tin embroidered costumes which looks like silver clothes is characterized by the silvery white tin sheets embroider into dark blue cotton cloth. It is extremely ornate and elegant with the decoration of silver hat, silver earrings, silver necklace, and silver bracelet. Because of the unique features of tin embroidery, it is the favorite sovanir to tourists. The producing area of tin embroidery such as Raohao village and Liufu village is located along the banks of Qinshui River where human development is rare. The villages have been planed as the tourism sites and the window of tin embroidery culture by Jianhe County Government.



C. Sister Rice Day of Shidong Town

The Sister Rice Day of Shidong Town has been listed in the first group of national non-materialintangible heritage inventory. The Canoe Day, the costume of Miao and the drama of Miao has been listed in the second group of national intangible heritage inventory.


The Sisters Rice Day is on March 15 each year in lunar calender. Before the festival, all the families become busy with preparing the food and drink. They collect a kind of local flower, called sister flowers, and various dyes and, then mix with the sticky rice to produce the so-called Sisters Rice. On the festival the girls prepare the eggs, meat, wine, fish and sister rice and present to the visiting boys. They play musical instruments in daytime while drinking and singing at night. When they are singing, the boys will ask the girls for sisters rice, and the girls will give them no matter whether she knows the boy or not. It is interesting that the different things hided in the sister rice have different implications. If the girl hides pine needle, it means the boy should present embroider needle and thread to her, the greengrocery means marry me, the cotton means missing and the cayenne or garlic means break off a friendship. The festival usually lasts for 3 days with the activity of step on drums, musical performance, bullfight, horse race and bird-fight. It is a distinctive festival full of youthful vitality and love.
Figure 5.6-15 The Sister Rice Day of Miao in Shidong County


D. Nachan Buyi Culture

Nachan village is located in the east of Mingu Town, Zhenfeng County, with the distance of 6km to the urban area. Nachan village is one of the most ancient and largest Buyi villages in China, which is calssified into Class A Scenic Area by the Master Plan for tourism Development in Guizhou.


Nachan has been granted with the status of the village of culture and art by the Provincial Culture Office. When the boys are playing dragon performance and blowing trombone, and girls are performing the brush dance, copper-drum dance, weave dance, bamboo hat dance and harvest dance, the audience seem to be taken into the sea of folk art. The traditional festivals of Buyi are on March 3, April 8, and July 15. The June 6 song festival is the most ceremonious festival of Buyi and Zhenfeng County. On that day, all the Buyi people will gather there for the contest of singing as well as other folk activities. It is also a good chance for boys to make friends with girls. Nowadays the June 6 has become the festival for all the people in Zhenfeng County, the government holds the June 6 folk culture and art festival every year in Nachan village and Shanchahe village.
The customs of production, weddings and funerals, hospitality, festivals, language, dress, culture and entertainment are consistent with the ancient form of Buyi. The folk customs such as three times drink, bamboo music, singing, copper drum dance, dragon performance and the flower lamp is romantic and rusticitic. The tourist can appreciate that once entering the Buyi village.

E. Bala River Miao cCulture

The Bala river basin is the one of the most distingtive tourism regions in Guizhou where the the primitive customs of Miao is maintained and the landscape is printinely beautiful. The Bala river basin tourism region is one of the nine clusters for critical tourism development in the Master Plan for Guizhou Tourism Development. The scope of Bala river basin tourism region extends along Bala river from the Longjing of Sankeshu town in Kaili County to the Danjiang town of Leishan County, with a total length of 20km and a width of 6km. This region includes 8 Miao villages of Longjing, Huaiengbao, Nanhua, Jidao, Delangshang, Nanmeng, Jiaomeng and Maomaohe. The Bala river basin has been classified as the Top Ten Original and Natural Tourism Areas and the Top Ten Laps of Minority Culture.


The Nanhua village, as the earliest tourism development area in Guizhou, has been granted with the demonstration unit of ecological economiy by the State Ministry of Agriculture. The Delangshang village has been granted with the village of folk art in China by the State Ministry of Culture, and was approved as the key national preservation unit of culture relics and the one of the 100 characteristic open-air museums by the State Council. The tourism region also include the scenic sites such as the former residence of Dalu Yang, the Baoye bridge, Yuqin bridge, ancient emplacement and the military castle.



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