874Trip Report, Desert Shield Orientation, Capt Michael E. Hall, Acting Director of Contracting, Lessons Learned, 19 Nov 1990.
875Lessons Learned, Contracting/Finance Interface, USCENTAF/LGC, Lt Col Busch, nd.
876“Shopping From Scratch,” Air Force Magazine, Dec 1991, pp 78-79.
877Trip Report, Desert Shield Orientation, Capt Michael E. Hall, Acting Director of Contracting, Lessons Learned, 19 Nov 1990.
878Military Review, Lt Gen Henry J. Hatch, Cmdr, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Dr. Janet A. McDonnel, Historian, Laying the Groundwork for Theater Operations, Mar 1992, pp 6-7.
879“Shopping From Scratch,” Air Force Magazine, Dec 1991, pp 78-79.
880JULLS Rpt, 31705-45206 (00089), submitted by Col Downey, CCJ4/7-C, 17 Jan 1991.
881JULLS Rpt, 52237-50100 (00261), submitted by CUSNCRN9, Lt Snook, 17 May 91.
882Trip Report, Desert Shield Orientation, Capt Michael E. Hall, Acting Director of Contracting, Lessons Learned, 19 Nov 1990.
883Threatcon Charlie applies when an incident occurs or when intelligence indicates an imminent terrorist action against U.S. bases and personnel.
884Military Review, Lt Col Norman F. Hubler, U.S. Army Reserve, Jul 1992, p 76.
885Ibid, pp 77-78.
886CJCS message, “ROE Authorized Serial #1,” 091335Z Aug 1990.
887[DELETED]
888[DELETED]
889[DELETED]
890[DELETED]
891CENTAF/DO letter, subject “CAP Manning,” dated 15 Dec 1990.
892Msg, JHQ High Wycombe, 162006Z Dec 1990.
893AF Form 1768, Operational Guidance for Desert Shield, dated 21 Dec 1990.
894(S) Only a select group of planners directly involved with the development of the campaign and the senior staff were allowed into the planning area, or even had knowledge of their activities. Very few members of the CENTAF Combat Plans Division and Combat Operations Division were granted access. Command and Control report, Chapter 6.
895Most legal scholars opine that targeting decisions encompass three legal principles rather than two. These scholars would include the principle prohibiting the use of weapons that cause unnecessary suffering, according to Annex to Hague Convention Number IV, 18 Oct 1907, paragraph 27(e). This principle is not germane to most combat targeting decisions. Except for questions concerning the possession and use of expanding (dum dum) bullets, munitions deployed for use by U.S. forces undergo a legal review during the development and acquisition process to ensure their employment will not violate this prohibition. See DOD Instruction 5500.15, AFR 110-31, paragraph 6‑7a. HHh.
896Command and Control report, Chapter 6: Black Hole and its Impact.
897Ibid.
898(S) Memo for Record from Col Kansala, CENTAF/JA, to Brig Gen Glosson, CENTAF/DO, 18 Feb 1991.
899(S) Letter from Maj Harry Heintzelman, CENTAF/JAI to USCINCCENT/CCJA, 18 Feb 1991.
900Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Prisoners of War, 12 Aug 1949, Art. 4, 6 U.S.T. 3316, 75 U.N.T.S. 135 [hereinafter GPW].
901Msg from USCINCCENT/CCCS to USCENTAF FWD/CC. “B-52 Media Coverage,” 5 Feb 1991.
902Peter Grier, “Joint STARS Does Its Stuff,” Air Force Magazine, Jun 1991, p 40.
903Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 12 Aug 1949, Art. 24, 6 U.S.T. 3114, 75 U.N.T.S. 31 [hereinafter GW].
904Ibid.
905GW, supra, note 19, Art. 33.
906GW, supra. note 19, Art. 25.
907Letter from Lt Col William Schmidt to HQ USCENTAF/SG, 30 Jan 1991. Memo from Lt Col William Schmidt to Col Kansala, 22 Feb 1991.
908Letter from 1611st Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron (Provisional) to All Operating Locations, 27 Jan 1991. See also Air Force Pamphlet 110-31, Chapter 7, “Uniform, Insignia, and Marking Requirements,” para 7-3, 19 Nov 1976.
909(S) Letter from Capt Steven Miller, 401st TFWP (CENTAF) to USCENTAF/JA, 16 Jan 1991; (S) Letter from CENTAF/JA to TFWP 401/JA, 14 Feb 1991.
910Letter from Capt Kniffen to Col Kansala (CENTAF/JA) undated; See also letter from CENTAF/JA to CENTCOM/JA regarding “Operational Law Issue at Shaik Isa” (undated).
911(S) Msg from HQ AFTOSA to USCENTAF Forward, “AOR Criminal Jurisdiction,” 29 Aug 1990.
912(S) Message from USCINCCENT/CCJA to USCENTAF Forward, “Host Nation Jurisdiction Over U.S. Forces Personnel Deployed in Saudi Arabia,” 3 Sep 1990. See also Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Concerning United States Forces in Saudi Arabia, 17 Aug 1990, U.S.-Saudi Arabia.
913Lessons Learned from Capt Miller, 401st TFW/JA.
914(S) See note 28, supra.
915Arms Export Control Act, 22 U.S.C. Sect 2751, 2761-2762, as amended.
916Lessons Learned from Col Dennis Yoder, HQ TUSLOG/JA.
917Policy Letter from CENTAF/JA to All CENTAF Judge Advocates and Paralegals, Atch 1, 31 Aug 1990.
918Lessons Learned Report, HQ USAF/JACC.
919Lessons Learned (unsigned).
920Ibid.
921Lessons Learned Report from Col William At Lee, Jr.
922Special Order G-12, from HQ TAC, 13 Sep 1990. See also Msg from HQ TAC/JA, 17 Sep 1990.
923Special Order G-4 from USCENTAF/CC, 10 Nov 1990.
924Lessons Learned Report, Col William At Lee, Jr.
925Msg from HQ USAF/JAJM to HQ TAC/JA, 21 Dec 1990.
926Lessons Learned (unsigned).
927Ibid.
928Ibid.
929Letter from USCENTAF/J to USCENTAF/SG, 5 Jan 1991.
930Because the Time Phase Force Deployment Date (TPFDD) utilized to support Desert Shield was cobbled together from previously approved OPLANs, it was not Force Sized appropriately; consequently, TAC and CENTAF elected to individually source legal personnel in order to tailor installation legal sections to meet the anticipated legal requirements of the supported organizations. See also Bullet Background Paper from Colonel Kansala, CENTAF/JA, 23 Apr 1991.
931Letter from HQ USAF/JACA to HQ USAF/JACI, 26 Mar 1991.
932Intvw with Lt Col Harry Heintzelman, former CENTAF/JAI, at the Pentagon, Washington, DC, 3 Aug 1992.
933Ibid; Lessons Learned input from Lt Col Schmidt, HQ USAFE/JAI. See also Lessons Learned from Maj Walter Skierski, Jr., 67th TRW/J.
934Reserve personnel consisted of Category B IMA, Ready Reserve and Air National Guard personnel.
937Lessons Learned from Col John Duncan, Jr., HQ TAC/J.
938Letter from AFLSA/JASF to HQ USAF/JAI, 28 Jul 1992.
939(S) Air Weather Service Historian (AWS/HO) Special Study, AWS Role in Operation DESERT STORM/DESERT SHIELD, Dr. William E. Nawyn, 27 Feb 1992, p 13.
940(S) Air Weather Service DESERT SHIELD/DESERT STORM Report No. 2, An Analysis of AWS Support to DS/DS, 6 Dec 1991, p 25.
941(S) USAF Environmental Technical Application Center Technical Note 92/003, Gulf War Weather, pp 2-1 to 2-2-57; AWS DS/DS Report No. 1, p 3.
942USAF Environmental Technical Applications Center Study, Comparison of Germany, Viet Nam Climatology to Persian Gulf Climatology and DESERT STORMJanuary through March, 19 May 1992, Capt R. D. Arnold and TSgt R. C. Bonam.
943(S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 1, pp 1-3.
944(S) Ibid, p 1.
945(S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 2, pp 117-125.
946USAFETAC/TN-92/003, Gulf War Weather, USAF Environmental Technical Applications Center, Mar 1992, pp 3-1 3-106.
947(S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 2, pp 117-118 and 123.
948(S) Ibid, pp 119-120.
949(S) Ibid, pp 77-78.
950(S) Ibid, pp 119-120; (S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 1, p 24.
951(S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 1, pp 24-25.
952(S) Ibid, Report No. 1, p 31.
953(S) Ibid, p 24; (S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 2, pp 90-93.
954(S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 1, p 31.
955(S) Ibid, pp 30-31.
956(S) Ibid, p 6; (S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 2, pp 94-95.
957(S) Ibid.
958(S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 1, pp 8-10.
959(S) Ibid, pp 9-10.
960(S) Ibid, pp 10-14.
961(S) Ibid, pp 14-18.
962(S) Ibid, pp 19-21.
963(S) Ibid, pp 28-30.
964(S) Ibid, p 22.
965(S) Ibid, p 22.
966(S) Ibid, p 24.
967(S) Ibid, pp 24-32.
968(S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 2, pp 242-246.
969(S) Ibid, pp 171-181.
970(S) Ibid, pp 159-170.
971AWS/DO Joint Universal Lessons Learned Input (31852-41900), Maj Norman Buss (AWS/DOJ), 29 May 1991.
972(S) AWS DS/DS Report No. 2, pp 207-213.
973(S) Ibid, pp 111-112. 66
974David Rodney, Robert W. Downey, Jonathan Geithner, Desert Storm Reconstruction Report, Volume X: Reserve Manpower (Virginia: Center for Naval Analyses, Oct 1991), p 1.
975The term “reserves” includes both the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserves.
976Rep. Les Aspin, Rep. Beverly Byron, and Rep. G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, and the Reserve Components: Missing Lessons for a Future Force Structure, 15 Oct 1990, p 2.
977The Reserve Components of the United States Armed Forces, “Reserve Components,” Jun 1992, pp 23, 24.
978Issue Paper, HQ USAF/DPXCX, “ARC Participation in Desert Shield/Storm,” 21 Aug 1991.
979The Reserve Components of the United States Armed Forces, “The Contributions of the Reserve Components to the Persian Gulf War,” Jun 1992, p 40.
980Ibid.
981The Reserve Components of the United States Armed Forces, “The Contributions of the Reserve Components to the Persian Gulf War,” Jun 1992, p 40.
982Title 10 of the U.S. Code and Presidential Executive Order of 22 Aug 1990, “Ordering the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces.”
983Memo, Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense, to The Secretaries of the Military Departments and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, subj: Call of Selected Reserve Units and Personnel Active Duty, 23 Aug 1990.
984Ltr, Everett G. Hopson, Chief, General Law Division, Office of the Judge Advocate General, to HQ USAF/XOOTC, subj: Questions on the Order of Reserve Components to Active Duty, 17 Aug 1990.
987Presidential Executive Order, “Authorizing the Extension of the Period of Active Duty of Personnel of the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces,” 13 Nov 1990.
988Ltr, Donald J. Atwood, Assistant Secretary of Defense, to The Secretaries of the Military Departments and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, subj: Call of Additional Selected Reserve Units and Personnel to Active Duty, 14 Nov 1990.
989Ltr, Dick Cheney, Secretary of Defense, to The Secretaries of the Military Departments and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, subj: Call of Selected Reserve Units and Personnel to Active Duty, 1 Dec 1990.
990Presidential Executive Order, “Ordering the Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty,” 18 Jan 1991.
991Ltr, Richard Cheney, Secretary of Defense, to The Secretaries of the Military Departments and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, subj: Call of Ready Reserve Units and Personnel to Active Duty, 19 Jan 1991.
992Msg, SAF to ALMAJCOM-SOA Commanders, subj: Presidential Declaration of Partial Mobilization, 222245Z Jan 1991.
993Strength figures for Desert Storm represent peak period of Mar 1991. Source is Defense Manpower Data Center.