Harvard University Press



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AUTHOR Sara B. Pritchard

TITLE Confluence
The Nature of Technology and the Remaking of the Rhône
CATEGORY history
monograph
NUMBER OF PAGES 352
5 halftones, 2 line illustrations
PUBLICATION MONTH April

AUTHOR BIO Sara Pritchard was born in Albuquerque, NM in 1972. Educated at the University of Puget Sound and Stanford University she is now Assistant Professor in the Department of Science & Technology Studies at Cornell University. This is her first book.

BOOK DESCRIPTION

An environmental history that shows how the Rhône River was repeatedly reshaped since 1945 and what the remaking of this powerful river says about the politics, economics, and culture of twentieth-century France.
Because of its volume, descent, speed, and propensity for severe flooding, the Rhône is France’s most powerful river, and has long played an important role in the economy, politics, and transportation networks of Europe and the greater Mediterranean basin. River management helped transform the Rhône over the past couple thousand years, but comprehensive, large-scale development did not occur until the twentieth century, especially so after World War II. The Rhône is the only river in France managed primarily by its own river authority, a quasi-state agency called CNR (Compagnie Nationale du Rhône). Politicians and state engineers eager to reconstruct and industrialize France after the war effected a radical technological and environmental transformation of the Rhône, turning the river into a series of figure eights. Long diversion canals sent most of the flow through hydroelectric dams and locks; irrigation networks directed water into the countryside, allowing the state to promote agricultural reorganization and regional economic development.

Pritchard examines this transformation of the Rhône River and what it says about the relationship between nature and the nation in France. She analyzes the political, cultural, and technological histories of the Rhône’s management, the CNR’s early projects, defined in terms of national reconstruction and modernization, the impact of environmental disasters, regionalism, and nuclear power on the debates over river management, and how changing views after 1968-environmental, political, and cultural--altered the meaning of development, alongside the meaning and landscape of France itself.


Harvard Historical Studies, 172


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AUTHOR Daniel K. Richter



TITLE Before the Revolution
America’s Ancient Pasts

CATEGORY history
trade

NUMBER OF PAGES 370
85 halftones, 13 maps
PUBLICATION MONTH April


AUTHOR BIO Daniel Richter was born in Erie, Pennsylvania in 1954. Educated at Thomas More College and Columbia University he is now 1The Richard S. Dunn Director, McNeil Center for Early American Studies and Roy F. and Jeannette P. Nichols Professor of American History at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of Facing East from Indian Country published by HUP in 2001.
BOOK DESCRIPTION

A history of America beginning around 900 C.E., a period of global warming and agricultural revolution on both sides of the Atlantic, through the waves of conquest in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and the traders and planters who followed in their wake, to the new wave of imperialist expansion flowing west from Europe in the seventeenth century, and finally to the polyglot Atlantean culture (American, European, African) that emerged in the mid-eighteenth century only to be ultimately crushed in the revolutionary age.

1In the United States people often pretend that they live in a land of fresh starts, a land that hardly had a past that mattered. If they do acknowledge a past that shapes the present, they usually find it in the generation of the Founders, who waged a revolution against Britain and created the American republic. This book argues that the society that became the United States has a much deeper history—that indeed multiple pasts, stretching back as far as the Middle Ages, left enduring legacies for the world we think the Founders made anew.
Exploring a vast range of original sources while summarizing the best of the current generation of scholarship, Before the Revolution spans more than seven centuries, three continents, and varied islands of the Atlantic basin to recreate successive epochs that gradually created a distinctive North American world. Born of the collision of societies with vastly different long histories in the years after 1492, shaped in the imperial contests of Native American nations and European states for control of land, resources, and trade, and transformed by waves of immigrants from Africa and continental Europe as well as from the British Isles, that world remained intimately connected both to the landscape of North America and to the routes of Atlantic commerce and conquest. Violent and exploitative more often than peaceful and free, the societies that these jostling peoples and empires created gradually acquired characteristics that seem essentially “American” and “modern”: governments founded on ideals of laws, rights, and representation; capitalist development rooted in private property, a racial and ethnic order in which English-speaking males brutally exploited African slaves and expropriated Native American lands.
But, viewed in the context of their own times, these traits come to seem less “American” and “modern” than the products of the long interconnected histories of Europe, Africa, and America that came before. From the Middle Ages to the middle of the eighteenth century, successive cultural patterns—cultural pasts—gave way to one another, sometimes slowly, sometimes abruptly. Yet patterns laid down in earlier epochs never fully disappeared; the new was always a product of the old, made from bits and pieces retained from earlier pasts. To begin to comprehend the society that grew up in North America after 1776, the cultural forms that accumulated before anyone dreamed there would be a United States need to be excavated—and understood on their own dynamic terms.




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