Hithes doc Version 14

kind, sort, genus, species, variety, family, order, kingdom, race, tribe, caste, sept, clan, breed, type, subtype, kit, sect, set, subset; assortment; feather, kidney.

head, order, section; department, subdepartment; province, domain.

[of playing cards] suit.

range.

{{has_subtype: gender, sex, kin}}.

indication, particularization, selection, specification.

{{has_member}} member.

{{has_property(member): similarity &c. R17}}.

{{has_property(member): inclusion &c. R76}}.

{{is_a: group}}.

{{has_property: property}}.
#76. Inclusion. [Comprehension under, or reference to a class.] -- N. {opp. 77} inclusion, membership, subsumption, admission, comprehension, reception.

composition &c. (inclusion in a compound) 54.

containment, embrace, encirclement.

{{trait_of: ins, in crowd}}.

include, comprise, subsume, encompass, comprehend, admit, receive; embody; contain, have.

embrace, encircle, bound; inclose &c. (circumscribe) 229.

reckon among, enumerate among, number among; refer to; place with, arrange with, place under.

involve, take into account.

Adj. included, including &c. v.; inclusive; catholic, encyclopedic; congener, congenerous; of the same class &c. 75; encircling.

Phr. a maximis ad minima[Lat], et hoc genus omne[Lat], &c., etc.; et cetera[Lat].
#77. Exclusion. -- N. {{antonym: inclusion, R76}} {{synonym: exclusion &c. R55}}.

<-- Roget's comment: The same set of words are used to express Exclusion from a class and Exclusion from a compound. Reference is therefore made to the former at 55. This identity does not occur with regard to Inclusion, which therefore constitutes a separate category. -->

<-- however, non-member can be used for class or group, but not for compound. So put it here. -->

non-member, out.

{{plural}} outs.
#78. Generality. -- N. {opp. 79} generality, generalization; universality; catholicity, catholicism; miscellany, miscellaneousness[obs3]; dragnet; common run; worldwideness[obs3].

everything, all.

everyone, everybody; all hands, all the world and his wife; anybody, N or M, all sorts.

prevalence, run.

render general &c. adj.; generalize.

universal; catholic, catholical[obs3]; common, worldwide; , ecumenical, oecumenical[obs3]; transcendental; prevalent, prevailing, rife, epidemic, besetting; all over, covered with.

Pan-American, Anglican[obs3], Pan-Hellenic, Pan-Germanic, slavic; panharmonic[obs3].

every, all; unspecified, impersonal.

customary &c. (habitual) 613.

Adv. whatever, whatsoever; to a man, one and all.

generally &c. adj.; always, for better for worse; in general, generally speaking; speaking generally; for the most part; in the long run &c. (on an average) 29.

without exception.
<-- && feature, characteristic -- where else ? R5 intrinsicality!

The main heading should be here, where class and inclusion concepts are.

We break out trait, characteristic into its own entry and move the main entries from R5 to R79a. R79 retains the concept of specification, pointing to a particular item.

-->

[of people] personality, mannerism.

{{similar_to: unconformity, R83}}.

{{has_part: characteristic, R79a}}.

{{manifestation_of: character, R5}}.

reading, version, lection; state.

specification; deixis.

Pronoun. it, they.

Personal Pronoun. I, self, I myself, myself, me; you, yourself; thee, thou, thyself; he, she, him, her, himself, herself, itself, theirselves.

Possessive pronoun. my; your; mine; yours; his; hers; her; its.

Article. this; that; these; those; ; the; yon, yonder; this here [coll.].

[ref: type, idiotype].

descend to particulars, enter into detail, go into detail, come to the point.

peculiar, idiosyncratic.

each, apiece, one by one, one at a time; severally, respectively, each to each; seriatim, in detail, in great detail, in excruciating detail, in mind-numbing detail; bit by bit; pro hac vice[Lat], pro re nata[Lat].

namely, that is to say, for example, id est, exemplia gratia[Lat], e.g., i.e.,videlicet, viz.; to wit.

Phr. le style est l'homme meme[Fr].
<-- individual characteristic [[attribute]] -->

#79a. Trait, Characteristic.

N. {{member_of: character @R5}} {{member_of: pattern, A4.6}} {{part_of: specialty, R79}} trait, characteristic, property, feature, aspect, attribute, quality.

{{has_high_intensity}} peculiarity, distinctive feature, distinctive characteristic, distinguishing characteristic; unconformity &c. R83.

technicality.

particulars, details, items, counts; minutiae.

{{plural}} differentia.

[ref: characteristics of people, R820, M3.3.1 Habitual Affections ].

{{has_property(person): ability, endowment, faculty, @R157,A7.3}}.

A4.5 CATEGORICAL ORDER ...R80 to R83

<-- 80. Rule 81. Multiformity

82. Conformity 83. Unconformity

-->
#80. Normality. -- N. normality, normalcy, normalness[obs3]; familiarity, naturalness; commonness (frequency) 136.

default.

customary (habit) 613;

standard, pattern (prototype) 22.

uniformity &c. R16.

default, default to.

[ref: true, genuine, authentic, @R82].

[ref: undamaged, intact, healthy].

Adv. normally, naturally; true to form, true to type, as per form; in absence of contrary information.

typically, commonly, usually, as usual, &c. R136.

grab bag; hodge podge, hotch potch.

dissimilarity &c. 18.

non-uniformity, heterogeneity &c. R16a.

non-relation &c. 10; difference &c. 15.

{{manifestation_of: essence, R5}}.

jumbled, confused, mixed up, discordant; inharmonious, unmatched, unrelated, nonuniform.

omniform[obs3], omnigenous[obs3], omnifarious[obs3]; protean (form) 240.

Phr. "harmoniously confused" [Pope]; " variety's the very spice of life" [Cowper].
<-- conformity to some idea, rule, or standard is often expressed as "true to" the truth-concepts are in a cluster at M4, properties of ideas

R494 Truth, R495 Error,

543. Veracity.. 544. Falsehood

545. Deception 546. Untruth

-->

#82. Conformity. -- N. {opp. 83} conformity, conformance; observance; habituation; naturalization; conventionality &c. (custom) 613; agreement &c. 23.

example, instance, specimen, sample, quotation; exemplification, illustration, case in point; object lesson; elucidation.

standard, model, pattern &c. (prototype) 22.

rule, nature, principle; law; order of things; normal state, natural state, ordinary state, model state, normal condition, natural condition, ordinary condition, model condition; standing dish, standing order.

Procrustean law; law of the Medes and Persians; hard and fast rule, unwavering rule, unbending rule.

V. conform to, conform to rule; accommodate oneself to, adapt oneself to; rub off corners.

be regular &c. adj.; move in a groove; follow observe the rules, go by the rules, bend to the rules ,obey the rules, obey the precedents; comply with, tally with, chime in with, fall in with; be guided by, be regulated by; fall into a custom,fall into a usage; follow the fashion, follow the crowd, follow the multitude; pass muster, do as others do, hurler avec les loups [Fr]; stand on ceremony; when in Rome do as the Romans do; go with the stream, go with the flow, swim with the stream, swim with the current, swim with the tide, blow with the wind; stick to the beaten track &c. (habit) 613; keep one in countenance.

exemplify, illustrate, cite, quote, quote precedent, quote authority, appeal to authority, put a case; produce an instance &c. n.; elucidate, explain.

Adj. conformable to rule; regular &c. 136; according to regulation, according to rule, according to Hoyle, according to Cocker, according to Gunter; en regle [Fr], selon les regles[Fr], well regulated, orderly; symmetric &c. 242.

conventional &c. (customary) 613; of daily occurrence, of everyday occurrence; in the natural order of things; ordinary, common, habitual, usual, everyday, workaday.

in the order of the day; naturalized.

typical, normal, nominal, formal; canonical, orthodox, sound, strict, rigid, positive, uncompromising, Procrustean.

true, real, genuine, authentic, regular, bona fide, unquestionable; faithful, valid; [ref: true, R494].

{{similar_to: pure, unadulterated, R652 @M7.2.2.2 }}.

Adv. conformably &c. adj.; by rule; agreeably to; in conformity with, in accordance with, in keeping with; according to; consistently with; as usual, ad instar[Lat], instar omnium[Lat]; more solito[Lat], more-majorum. for the sake of conformity; as a matter of course, of course; pro forma[Lat], for form's sake, by the card.

invariably, &c. (uniformly) 16.

for example, exempli gratia[Lat], e. g.; inter alia[Lat], among other things; for instance.

Phr. cela va sans dire[Fr]; ex pede Herculem[Lat]; noscitur a sociis [Lat]; ne e quovis ligno Mercurius fiat [Lat][Erasmus]; "they are happy men whose natures sort with their vocations" [Bacon]. "The nail that sticks up will get hammered down" [Japanese saying]; "Stick your neck out and it may get cut off."

#83. Unconformity.-- N. {opp. 82} exception, peculiarity; nonconformity &c. 82; unconformity, disconformity; unconventionality, informality, abnormity[obs3], abnormality, anomaly; anomalousness &c. adj.; infraction of law, breach, of law, violation of law, violation of custom, violation of usage, infringement of law, infringement of custom, infringement of usage; teratism[obs3], eccentricity, bizarrerie[obs3], oddity, je ne sais quoi[Fr], monster, monstrosity, rarity; freak, freak of Nature, weirdo, mutant; rouser, snorter* [U.S.].

individuality, idiosyncrasy, originality, mannerism.

aberration; irregularity; variety; singularity; exemption.

salvo &c. (qualification) 469.

nonconformist; nondescript, character, original, nonesuch, nonsuch[obs3], monster, prodigy, wonder, miracle, curiosity, flying fish, black sheep, black swan, lusus naturae[Lat], rara avis[Lat], queer fish; mongrel, random breed; half-caste, half-blood, half-breed; metis[Lat], crossbreed, hybrid, mule, hinny, mulatto; tertium quid[Lat], hermaphrodite.

[mythical animal] phoenix, chimera, hydra, sphinx, minotaur; griffin, griffon; centaur; saggittary[obs3]; kraken, cockatrice, wyvern, roc, dragon, sea serpent; mermaid, merman, merfolk[obs3]; unicorn; Cyclops, "men whose heads do grow beneath their shoulders" [Othello]; monster, teratology.

[unconformable to the surroundings] fish out of water; neither one thing nor another, neither fish nor fowl, neither fish flesh nor fowl nor good red herring; one in a million, one in a way, one in a thousand; outcast, outlaw; off the beaten track; oasis.

{{&similar_to: impurity, contamination, adulteration, R653, @M7.2.2.2}}.

[ref: heterogeneity, R16a].

[ref: dissimilarity, R18].

out of order, out of place, out of keeping, out of tune, out of one's element; beyond the pale of, out of the pale of.

irregular, arbitrary.

teratogenic.

lawless, informal, stray, wandering, wayward, wanton; out of the beaten track, off the beaten track, out of the common, out of the common run; misplaced; funny.

unusual, unaccustomed, uncustomary, unwonted, uncommon; rare, curious, odd, extraordinary, out of the ordinary.

strange, monstrous; wonderful &c. 870; unexpected, unaccountable; outre[Fr], out of the way, remarkable, noteworthy; queer, quaint, nondescript, none such, sui generis[Lat]; unfashionable; fantastic, grotesque, bizarre; outlandish, exotic, tombe des nues[Fr], preternatural.

denatured[Biochem.], denaturalized[obs3].

heterogeneous, heteroclite[Gram], amorphous, mongrel, amphibious, epicene, half blood, hybrid; androgynous, androgynal[obs3]; asymmetric &c. 243; adelomorphous[obs3], bisexual, hermaphrodite, monoclinous[obs3].

qualified &c. 469.

singular, unique, one-of-a-kind.

newfangled, novel, non-classical; original, unconventional, unheard of, unfamiliar; undescribed, unprecedented, unparalleled, unexampled.

{{&similar_to: impure, contaminated, adulterated, R653, @M7.2.2.2 }}.

[ref: imitation, copy &c.R19].

[ref: phony, sham, &c. R545; falseness, R544].

Adv. unconformably &c. adj.; except, unless, save barring, beside, without, save and except, let alone.

however, yet, but.

once in a blue moon, once in a million years.

Int. what on earth! what in the world! What the devil! Holy cow! Can you top that?; Sacre bleu [Fr].

Phr. never was seen the like, never was heard the like, never was known the like.

I could hardly believe it; I saw it, but I didn't believe it.

grouping, distribution.

{{is_a: group[of characteristics]}}.

{{has_member: characteristic, property, feature}}.

{{has_property: multidimensionality; complexity}}.

{{has_subtype}} disposition, arrangement, distribution, array.

{{has_property: order, A4.1}}.

{{has_property(characteristic/property/feature): value}}.

{[in_frame(computer program)]} vector, array.

{{studied_in}} pattern matching.

{{has_subtype: traffic pattern; flight pattern}}.
A5. Number R84 to R105 [[number]]

A5.1. ABSTRACT NUMBER ...R84 to R86

<-- 84. Number

85. Numeration

86. List

-->
#84. Number. -- N. number, symbol, numeral, figure, cipher, digit, integer; counter; round number; formula; function; series; operand; result.

{{has_subtype(operand)}} addend; subtrahend; multiplicand, multiplier, multiplicator[obs3]; dividend; divisor; factor; coefficient.

{{has_subtype(result)}} sum; difference; complement; product; multiple; quotient, submultiple[Math].

{{used_by: @R85a, operation, mathematical operation; operator}}.

{{used_by: computation, R85a}}.

{{has_subtype(operation)}} permutation; combination.

fraction, rational number; surd, irrational number; transcendental number; mixed number, complex number, complex conjugate; numerator, denominator; decimal, circulating decimal, repetend; common measure, aliquot part; prime number, prime, relative prime, prime factor; reciprocal; totient[obs3].

{{has_subtype(prime)}} {{property_of(duality)}} prime pair.

binary number, octal number, hexadecimal number[Comp].

variation.

election.

ratio, proportion, comparison &c.464; progression; arithmetical progression, geometrical progression, harmonical progression[obs3]; percentage, permilage.

figurate numbers[obs3], pyramidal numbers, polygonal numbers.

power, root, exponent, index, logarithm, antilogarithm; modulus, base.

differential, integral, fluxion[obs3], fluent.

[ref: numeration, R85].

[ref: quantity, R25].

[ref: measure, R466, @M2.2].

incommensurable.

proportional, exponential, logarithmic, logometric[obs3], differential, fluxional[obs3], integral, totitive[obs3].

positive, negative; rational, irrational; surd, radical, real; complex, imaginary; finite; infinite; impossible.

digital; discrete.

quantitative; [ref: quantity, R25].

{{used_in: measurement, R466}}.

binary; octal; hexadecimal; decimal.

[ref: specific, definite].

{{antomym_of(numerical)}} non-numerical, symbolic.

{{antomym_of(quantitative)}} qualitative.

{[when_modifying(computer)]} {{antomym_of(digital)}} analog.

quantitatively.

[ref: specifically, definitely].

infinitely.

In any case, belong with mental operations!

Enumeration = counting.

Make computation = R85a, and further subdivide inot formal mathematics. -->

tally, count, tale, recension[obs3], enumeration.

dead reckoning, muster, poll, census, capitation, roll call, recapitulation; account &c. (list) 86.

score.

{{similar_to(poll): vote, election}}.

{{&similar_to: measurement, R466}}.

{{&uses: computation, R85a}}.

paginate, page; affix numbers to.

numerable.

[ref: measurable].

commensurable, commensurate.

{{antonym(numerable)}} innumerable, unfathomable, infinite.

{{antonym(measurable)}} immeasurable.

{{antonym(commensurable)}} incommensurable, incommensurate.

Adv. measurably; in numbers.
#85a. Computation. -- N.

computation, calculation, reckoning, supputation[obs3]; calculus.

summation.

algorithm, algorism[obs3], rhabdology[obs3], dactylonomy[obs3]; measurement &c. 466.

statistics.

arithmetic, analysis, algebra, geometry, analytical geometry, fluxions[obs3]; differential calculus, integral calculus, infinitesimal calculus; calculus of differences.

lambda calculus.

{{&used_by(number, R84)}} {{has_subtype(computation)}} operation, mathematical operation; operator.

{{has_subtype(operation)}} notation; addition, summation; subtraction, taking a difference; multiplication; division; rule of three, practice, equations; raising to a power; extraction of roots, taking the root; reduction, involution, evolution, estimation, approximation; interpolation; differentiation; integration; factoring.

{{has_inverse(addition): subtraction}}.

{{has_inverse(multiplication): division; factoring}}.

{{has_inverse(raising to a power): extraction of roots}}.

{{has_inverse(differentiation): integration}}.

{{function_of(computation)}} abacus[Instruments], logometer[obs3], slide rule, slipstick[coll.], tallies, Napier's bones, calculating machine, difference engine, suan-pan[obs3]; adding machine; cash register; electronic calculator, calculator, computer.

[people who calculate: ref P2.3.2.3.2.4.4 Arithmetician]

V. sum; sum up, cast up; tell off, score, cipher, compute, calculate, suppute[obs3], reckon.

add, subtract, multiply, divide, extract roots; algebraize[obs3].

{{used_in(computation)}} check, prove, demonstrate, balance, audit, overhaul, take stock.

amount to, add up to, come to.

computable, calculable.

here or under physobj?? -->

list, catalog, catalogue, inventory.

{{part_of: register &c. (record) 551}}.

account; bill, bill of costs; terrier; tally, listing, itemization; atlas; book, ledger; catalogue raisonne[Fr]; tableau; invoice, bill of lading; prospectus; bill of fare, menu, carte[Fr].

score, census, statistics, returns.

[list of topics in a document] {{&has_part(document)}} contents, table of contents, outline; synopsis.

[list of topics in a protracted activity (frame)] program, programme[Brit]; syllabus; agenda, schedule, calendar, docket.

[computer-generated list] listing, printout, output.

[written list used as an aid to memory] checklist.

table, chart, database; index, inverted file, word list, concordance.

vocabulary.

dictionary, lexicon; glossary; thesaurus.

file, card index, card file, rolodex, address book.

Red book, Blue book, Domesday book; cadastre[Fr]; directory, gazetter[obs3]. almanac; army list, clergy list, civil service list, navy list; Almanach de Gotha[obs3], cadaster; Lloyd's register, nautical almanac;

who's who; Guiness's Book of World Records.

roll; check roll, checker roll, bead roll; muster roll, muster book; roster, panel, jury list; cartulary, diptych.