Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question



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87 Each drawing represents different stages in the community succession within the state of Virginia. Which of the following drawings represents the climax community in this succession pattern?




A



B



C



D






88 Which statement describes all stable ecosystems?



F

herbivores provide energy for the autotrophs

G

the populations of predators are dependent on the populations of the prey

H

the number of autotrophs equals the number of heterotrophs

J

consumers synthesize ATP from light energy

89 The biome with the greatest number of species would also have the greatest variation in —



A

solar energy

C

annual rainfall

B

habitats

D

temperatures

90 Thirty breeding pairs of rabbits were introduced onto an island with no natural predators and a good supply of water, shrubs, and grasses. Over the next few years, the rabbit population will probably —

A . remain relatively constant due to equal birth and death rates

F

die out due to inbreeding

G

increase until the food supply runs low

H

decrease as the number of rabbits per litter decreases

91 Which of these DECREASES as the number of fish in a small pond increases?



A

Competition for food

C

Number of available nesting sites

B

Levels of body wastes in the pond

D

Number of predators

92 Why does the white-tailed deer population drop when the carrying capacity is exceeded?





F

Resources are too low to support the population.

G

Weather changes reduce the deer population.

H

The height of edible plants exceeds the height of the deer.

J

Competition by other animals is greatly reduced.

93 Which of the following is a consumer-producer relationship?



A

Roadrunners eating snakes

C

Toads eating grasshoppers

B

Snakes eating toads

D

Grasshoppers eating grass

94 Turgor is the internal cytoplasmic pressure that results from the amount of water absorbed by plant cells. The picture shows a turgor pressure demonstration using stalks of celery in different salt solutions. Which of these shows the celery stalks in order from the one with the most turgor pressure to the one with the least turgor pressure?





F

Q, T, S, R

H

S, R, T, Q

G

R, S, T, Q

J

T, Q, R, S

95 Which population would be most affected if the snakes were removed from this food web?





A

Grass

C

Lizard

B

Mouse

D

Hawk

96 Low availability of which element could be a limiting factor in a plant community?



F

Nitrogen

H

Mercury

G

Argon

J

Sodium

97 Which group is most responsible for the recycling of atoms within the environment?



A

Autotrophs

C

Phototrophs

B

Consumers

D

Decomposers

98 This graph shows the average number of rabbits and coyotes in an area over time. Which conclusion is best supported by these data?





F

The rabbit population obtains energy by consuming young plants.

G

The coyote population is influenced by the available number of rabbits.

H

The number of rabbits will decrease during summer months.

J

The number of coyotes will be greater than the number of rabbits within a ten-year period.

99 A chemical spill was thought to be responsible for a large fish kill in a river. Which person would most likely determine whether the fish died from being exposed to the chemicals?



A

Toxicologist

C

Physiologist

B

Virologist

D

Botanist

100 In this food pyramid, how much energy is available as the energy is passed from one trophic level to another?





F

1%

H

25%

G

10%

J

50%

101 During the 1920s and 1930s, Lucy Braun (1889–1971) compared the flora growing in Ohio with flora that had grown in the same area 100 years earlier. Her research most likely added knowledge to the scientific field of —



A

virology

C

genetics

B

ecology

D

physiology

102 Plants that can tolerate great extremes in environmental temperatures are most often found living in



F

deserts

H

prairies

G

coastal pine forests

J

island hardwood forests

103 A lichen is composed of two organisms, a fungus and a cyanobacterium. The fungus provides a growing surface, moisture, and nutrients to the cyanobacterium. The cyanobacterium provides food to the fungus. This relationship is considered to be an example of which of the following?



A

Commensalism

C

Neutralism

B

Mutualism

D

Parasitism

104 An ocean food chain is shown in the diagram. Which organism represents the trophic level

containing approximately 1% of the initial amount of solar energy acquired by the phytoplankton?



F

Copepods

H

Herring

G

Sand eels

J

Humans

105




A



B



C



D



106




F



G



H



J



107




A



C



B



D



108




F



H



G



J



109




A



C



B



D



110




F



G



H



J



111




A



C



B



D



112




F



H



G



J



113 In 1893, a one-million acre area of the Grand Canyon National Forest Reserve was home to an estimated 3,000 Rocky Mountain mule deer. Cattle, sheep, and horses also roamed the reserve. In 1906, government hunters killed off hundreds of mountain lions, coyotes, and bobcats when the area was set aside as the Grand Canyon National Game Preserve. The number of Rocky Mountain mule deer rose to over 100,000 by 1923. What was the approximate density of the mule deer in 1923?



A

1 for every acre

C

1 for every 10 acres

B

1 for every 1,000 acres

D

1 for every 100 acres

114 The graph shows the amount of pollutants removed by trees. During October, the trees were able to remove the greatest amount of —





F



H



G



J



115




A



B



C



D




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