Inter-american commission on human rights

1222 United States of Mexico. Federal Transparency and Access to Governmental Public Information Act. Available at: http://www.ifai.org.mx/English. Article 59 of the Federal Access to Public Governmental Information Act states: “The resolutions issued by the Institute shall be final and conclusive for the departments and agencies. Private entities may appeal them before the Federal Judicial Power.”

1223 United States of America. The Freedom of Information Act. 5 U.S.C. § 552(a)(6)(A)(ii). Available at: http://www.justice.gov/oip/amended-foia-redlined-2010.pdf

1224 Trinidad and Tobago. The Freedom of Information Act. Available at: http://www.carib-is.net/sites/default/files/publications/trinidadtobago_FOIA1999.pdf

1225 Trinidad and Tobago. The Judicial Review Act. Act No. 60 of 2000. Available at: http://www.ttparliament.org/legislations/a2000-60.pdf

1226 Dominican Republic. General Law on Access to Public Information. Law 200-04. Articles 27-29. Available at: http://www.senado.gob.do/dnn/MarcoNormativo/LeyGeneraldeLibreAccesoalaInformaci%C3%B3n.aspx

1227 Antigua and Barbuda. The Freedom of Information Act. Available at: http://www.laws.gov.ag/acts/2004/a2004-19.pdf

1228 IACHR. Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. “The Inter-American Legal Framework regarding the Right to Access to Information.” Document OEA/Ser.L/V/II CIDH/RELE/INF. 1/09. December 30, 2009. Para. 30-32. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/expression/docs/publications/ACCESS%20TO%20INFORMATION%20FINAL%20CON%20PORTADA.pdf

1229 IACHR. Office of the Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Expression. “The Inter-American Legal Framework regarding the Right to Access to Information.” Document OEA/Ser.L/V/II CIDH/RELE/INF. 1/09. December 30, 2009. Para. 33. Available at: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/expression/docs/publications/ACCESS%20TO%20INFORMATION%20FINAL%20CON%20PORTADA.pdf; Joint Declaration by the Rapporteurs on Freedom of Expression from the UN, the OAS and the OSCE, December 6, 2004. Available at: http://www.cidh.org/relatoria/showarticle.asp?artID=319&lID=1

1230 Inter-American Juridical Committee. Resolution 147 of the 73rd regular period of sessions. Principles on the Right of Access to Information. August 7, 2008. Principle 4. Available at: https://www.oas.org/dil/CJI-RES_147_LXXIII-O-08_eng.pdf

1231 Under the Model Law, information that should be disclosed without waiting for a request to exist includes: a) a description of its organizational structure, functions, duties, locations of its departments and agencies, operating hours, and names its officials; b) the qualifications and salaries of senior officials; c) the internal and external oversight, reporting and monitoring mechanisms relevant to the public authority including its strategic plans, corporate governance codes and key performance indicators, including any audit reports; d) its budget and its expenditure plans for the current fiscal year, and past years, and any annual reports on the manner in which the budget is executed; e) its procurement procedures, guidelines and policies, contracts granted, and contract execution and performance monitoring data; f) the salary scales, including all components and sub-components of actual salary, relevant to all employee and consultant categories within the public authority (including all data related to current reclassification of posts); g) relevant details concerning any services it provides directly to members of the public, including customer service standards, charters and protocols; h) any direct request or complaints mechanisms available to members of the public regarding acts, or a failure to act, by that public authority; i) a description of the powers and duties of its senior officers, and the procedure they follow to make decisions; j) any statutes, policies, decisions, rules, guidelines, manuals or other records containing interpretations, practices or precedents regarding the discharge by that public authority of its functions, that affect the general public; k) any mechanisms or procedures by which members of the public may make representations or otherwise influence the formulation of policy or the exercise of powers by that public authority; l) a simple guide containing adequate information about its record-keeping systems, the types and forms of information it holds, the categories of information it publishes and the procedure to be followed in making a request for information and an internal appeal; m) its Disclosure Log, in accordance with Article 18, containing a list of requests received and records released under this Law, which shall be automatically available, and its Information Asset Register, in accordance with Article 17; n) a complete list of subsidies provided by the public authority; o) frequently requested information; and p) any additional information deemed appropriate by the public authority. OAS General Assembly, Resolution AG/RES. 2607 (XL-O/10), which adopts a Model Inter-American Law on Access to Information. OAS. Permanent Council and Committee on Juridical and Political Affairs. OEA/Ser.G. CP/CAJP-2840/10 Corr.1. “Model Inter-American Law on Access to Information.” April 29, 2010. Article 12. Key Classes of Information. Available at: http://www.oas.org/dil/CP-CAJP-2840-10_Corr1_eng.pdf; OAS. General Assembly. Resolution AG/RES. 2607 (XL-O/10), which adopts a “Model Inter-American Law on Access to Information.” June 8, 2010. Available at: http://www.oas.org/dil/AG-RES_2607-2010_eng.pdf

1232 Republic of Chile. Law on Transparency in Public Adminsitration and Access to Information in Administration of the State. Law 20.285 of 2008. Available at: http://www.leychile.cl/Navegar?idNorma=276363. Article 7 of the statute establishes that each entity subject to the law must publish on its website the following matters, which should be updated at least once a month: Its organizational structure; the authorities, functions, and attributions conferred on each of its internal units or bodies; the legal or regulatory framework that applies; permanent staff and contract and fee-based personnel, with their respective remunerations; contracting information, indicating those contracted and identifying the principal partners and shareholders of the provider corporations or companies, as the case may be; any transfers of public funds that are made; any acts and resolutions that affect third parties; the procedural steps and requirements an interested party must meet to obtain access to the services the respective public body provides; the design, allocated amounts, and criteria for accessing subsidy programs and other benefits provided by the body in question, as well as the lists of beneficiaries of the social programs being implemented; citizen participation mechanisms, if any; information on the budget allocated, as well as reports on its execution; and the results of audits.

1233 Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Law on Access to Information of Uruguay. Law No. 18.381. October 7, 2008. Art. 5. Available at: http://www.informacionpublica.gub.uy/sitio/descargas/normativa-nacional/ley-no-18381-acceso-a-la-informacion-publica.pdf. Entities subject to the law are required to provide information, at a minimum, on the following subjects: organizational structure; the authority conferred on each administrative unit; salary scales, functions of posts, and compensation system; budget allocation and execution, along with the results of respective audits; concessions, bids, permits, or authorizations granted, specifying their holders and beneficiaries; all statistical information of a general interest, in accordance with the purposes of each entity; and mechanisms in place for citizen participation. Article 5 provides: “Los sujetos obligados deberán prever la adecuada organización, sistematización y disponibilidad de la información en su poder, asegurando un amplio y fácil acceso a los interesados”.

1234 Oriental Republic of Uruguay. Judgment No. 48 of Juzgado Letrado de Segundo Turno de Mercedes. September 11, 2009. Available at: http://informacionpublica.gub.uy/sitio/descargas/jurisprudencia-nacional/sentencia-juzgado-letrado-de-2do-turno-de-mercedes.pdf. “No solo no es confidencial la información que se solicitó sino que en el artículo 5 de la Ley que nos ocupa, cuando regula sobre la difusión de la información pública, establece que los organismos públicos, sean o no estatales, deberán difundir en forma permanente, la siguiente información mínima: “…D) Información sobre presupuesto asignado, su ejecución, con los resultados de las auditorías que en cada caso corresponda. E) Concesiones, licitaciones, permisos o autorizaciones otorgadas especificando los titulares o beneficiarios de éstos, F) Toda información estadística de interés general, de acuerdo a los fines de cada organismo”. Vale decir, que por lo que viene de señalarse, la información solicitada no solo no es confidencial, sino que es pública por esencia”.

1235 Republic of Nicaragua. Law 621 of 2007. Law on Access to Public Information. Art. 20. Available at: http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/NormaWeb.nsf/($All)/675A94FF2EBFEE9106257331007476F2?OpenDocument. Article 21 provides: “Las entidades privadas sometidas a la presente Ley, tendrán el deber de publicar, al igual que las entidades del Estado, la siguiente información básica: a) Las concesiones, contratos, subvenciones, donaciones, exoneraciones u otros beneficios o ventajas; licencias, permisos o autorizaciones, que les fueron otorgadas por el Estado, sus bases y contenidos; b) Las obras e inversiones obligadas a realizar, las ya realizadas y las pendientes por realizar, en base a los compromisos adquiridos en el contrato de concesión, licencia, permiso o autorización ; c) Las clases de servicios que prestan, así como sus tarifas básicas, la forma de calcularlas, los demás cargos autorizados a cobrar; d) Procedimientos establecidos para la interposición de reclamos y recursos; e) Información anual de actividades que incluirá un resumen de la cantidad de reclamos recibidos y las resoluciones en cada caso; f) Toda aquella información que permita a los ciudadanos, comprobar el grado de cumplimiento de los objetivos públicos convenidos entre el Estado o sus entidades con el Ente Privado, así como el uso que hace de los bienes, recursos y beneficios fiscales u otros beneficios, concesiones o ventajas otorgados por el Estado”. Article 20 prescribes that, at a minimum, the following information must be published on each entity’s website: its organizational structure, the legal norms that govern it, and the services it provides; the number of its directors and public servants responsible for the Office for Access to Public Information and the Institutional Database; the monthly remuneration of all personnel, including temporary and contracted workers; any calls for quotes or bids; documents justifying the granting of permits, concessions, or licenses and the contracting of personnel, as well as the results of contracts, bids, and acquisition processes for goods or services; the results of audits; the recipients and authorized use of any public funds paid, whatever their purpose; the services and support programs offered, as well as any procedures, requirements, or forms for accessing them; general balance sheets and reports on results and financial status; annual information on activities, which “shall include a summary of the results of the applications for access to public information”; the results of oversight, evaluations, audits, and investigations to which the entity has been subject; the program for public works and acquisitions, and calls for competitions for the contracting of personnel; and any actions lodged against administrative acts of the entity and the decisions that have been handed down to resolve them.

1236 Republic of Nicaragua. Law 621 of 2007. Law on Access to Public Information. Art. 21. Available at: http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/NormaWeb.nsf/($All)/675A94FF2EBFEE9106257331007476F2?OpenDocument

1237 Republic of Nicaragua. Law 621 of 2007. Law on Access to Public Information, Art. 25. Available at: http://legislacion.asamblea.gob.ni/NormaWeb.nsf/($All)/675A94FF2EBFEE9106257331007476F2?OpenDocument

1238 Republic of Ecuador. Organic Law on Transparency and Access to Public Information. Art. 7. Available at: http://www.informatica.gob.ec/files/LOTAIP.pdf. (“sin agrupar o generalizar, de tal manera que el ciudadano pueda ser informado correctamente y sin confusions”). Among the matters included in Article 7 are: the functional operating structure and its legal underpinnings; a complete directory of the institution; the monthly remuneration for each post; the services offered and how to access them; the complete text of all collective contracts in effect in the institution; any application forms or formats that may be needed for procedures in its particular area of work; the annual budget managed by the institution and how it is spent; results of internal and government audits of budget implementation; complete and detailed information on procedures each agency carries out before and during contracts and in adjudications and payments; the list of companies and individuals who have failed to comply with contracts with the institution; the institution’s plans and programs underway; details about contracts related to external or internal credit; mechanisms for providing an accounting to citizens; the per diems and work reports of authorities, dignitaries, and public servants; and the name and address of the person responsible for handling public information.

1239 Dominican Republic. General Law on Access to Public Information. Law 200-04. Available at: http://www.senado.gob.do/dnn/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=CrxmpGj6hrI%3d&tabid=69&mid=421. These include, under Article 3: “a) Budgets and calculations of resources and approved expenses, their evolution and status of execution; b) Programs and projects, with their budgets, time frames, execution, and oversight; c) Calls for bids, competitions, purchases, expenses, and results; d) Lists of officials, legislators, magistrates, employees, categories, functions, and remunerations, and the sworn statement of patrimony, when the person is required by law to submit it; e) List of beneficiaries of assistance programs, subsidies, scholarships, pensions, and retirement funds; f) Account status of public debt, its due dates and payments; g) Laws, decrees, resolutions, dispositions, regulatory frameworks, and any other type of norm; h) Indexes, statistics, and official values; i) Legal and contractual regulatory frameworks for providing public services; conditions, negotiations, fee schedules, controls, and sanctions; j) Any other information that must be made available to the public pursuant to special statutes.”

1240 Dominican Republic. General Law on Access to Public Information. Law 200-04. Available at: http://www.senado.gob.do/dnn/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=CrxmpGj6hrI%3d&tabid=69&mid=421

1241 United States of Mexico. Federal Transparency and Access to Governmental Public Information Act. Available at: http://www.ifai.org.mx/English. Items contained in Art. 7 of the law include: the organizational chart; the authority conferred upon each administrative unit; the directory of government officials; monthly salary by position, including compensation systems, as prescribed in the respective provisions; the address of the liaison unit; the goals and objectives of each administrative unit; the services these units offer; procedures, requirements, and forms; information on the budget allocated and reports on its execution; results of budgetary audits; the design, execution, amounts allocated, and criteria to access subsidized programs, as well as the lists of beneficiaries of social programs; the concessions, permits, or authorizations granted and the names of the holders thereof; the contracts entered into; the legal framework applicable to each of the disclosing parties; the reports issued by the disclosing parties under the law; and mechanisms for citizen participation.

1242 Republic of Guatemala. Law on Access to Public Information, Decree No. 57-2008. Available at: http://www.scspr.gob.gt/docs/infpublic.pdf. (“honorarios, dietas, bonos y viáticos”). The information required to be published, under Article 10 of the LAIP, includes: the organizational structure and functions of each agency, including its normative framework; the address and telephone numbers of the entity and its departments; the directory of employees and public servants; the number and names of public officials, public servants, employees, and advisers who work at the entity subject to the law and all of its offices, including the salaries and any other financial remuneration applicable to each post; the institutions’ mission and objectives and its annual operating plan, and results achieved in carrying these out; procedural manuals; budget allocations for each budget period and the programs it carries out; monthly reports on budget execution for each area and unit; deposits made up of public funds; information related to quotes and bids for the acquisition of goods; information on the contracting of all goods and services used by the entities subject to the law; the list of any publicly funded travel authorized by the entities; contracts for the maintenance of equipment, vehicles, buildings, facilities, and installations; the amounts allocated, access criteria, and lists of beneficiaries of subsidy programs, scholarships, or transfers granted with public funds; contracts, licenses, or concessions for the use or exploitation of State assets; the list of works in progress or completed that are funded wholly or in part with public funds; contracting as a result of processes to seek quotes or bids, and their respective contracts; the list of direct purchases made by the offices of the entities subject to the law; and the final reports of government or private audits the entities have undergone.

1243 Republic of Guatemala. Law on Access to Public Information. Articles 11-13. Available at: http://www.scspr.gob.gt/docs/infpublic.pdf

1244 Republic of Guatemala. Law on Access to Public Information. Articles 10(24)-(25). Available at: http://www.scspr.gob.gt/docs/infpublic.pdf

1245 Republic of Guatemala. Law on Access to Public Information. Available at: http://www.scspr.gob.gt/docs/infpublic.pdf

1246 Republic of Colombia. Law 57 of 1985, by which the publicity of official documents is ordered. Art. 1. Available at: http://www.unal.edu.co/secretaria/normas/ex/L0057_85.pdf. “La Nación, los Departamentos y los Municipios incluirán en sus respectivos Diarios, Gacetas o Boletines oficiales todos los actos gubernamentales y administrativos que la opinión deba conocer para informarse sobre el manejo de los asuntos públicos y para ejercer eficaz control sobre la conducta de las autoridades, y los demás que según la ley deban publicarse para que produzcan efectos jurídicos”.

1247 This obligation exists “without prejudice to the legal obligation to publish in the Official Gazette.” Republic of Columbia. Law 57 of 1985, by which the publicity of official documents is ordered. Art. 7. Available at: http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley/2005/ley_0962_2005.html#7

1248 Republic of Columbia. Law 57 of 1985, by which the publicity of official documents is ordered. Art. 8. Available at: http://www.secretariasenado.gov.co/senado/basedoc/ley/2005/ley_0962_2005.html#7

1249 Republic of Columbia. Decree No. 1151 of 2008. April 14, 2008. Available at: http://programa.gobiernoenlinea.gov.co/apc-aa-files/5854534aee4eee4102f0bd5ca294791f/Decreto1151Abril14de2008.pdf

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