International telecommunication union


Appendix IV Mobile front haul and back haul



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Appendix IV

Mobile front haul and back haul



Editor’s Note: Appendix IV was produced during the FG-IMT 2020 focus group in order to investigate gaps in standardization related to IMT-2020. While the request from SG-13 was to deliver a report outlining standardization gaps, the consensus of the focus group was that the working documents produced and used during the focus group work contained useful information for future work and should be captured. Note, however, the focus group concentrated on producing accurate descriptions of the standardization gaps in the main body of this document; some minor errors may exist in the appendices. They are, however, the output of the focus group but are provided for information only.

Editor’s Note: This appendix uses clause references in a form usually associated for normative text. This is maintained for this report to align with references made in the main body of this report. The original text was assuming and Appendix D, not the current Appendix IV

This document contains the baseline of Annex D going into the Beijing meeting. Comments discussed on the Oct. 14 teleconference have been addressed.


Annex D: Mobile front haul and back haul – Drivers, Challenges, and Solutions

  1. Scope


This document contains material relevant to Mobile Front-haul and Mobile Back-haul.

  1. References


[Cisco] Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI), "Global Mobile Data Traffic Forcast Update," Feb. 2013, http://www.gsma.com/spectrum/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Cisco_VNI-global-mobile-data-traffic-forecast-update.pdf

[Detnet] IETF Deterministic Networking, http://trac.tools.ietf.org/bof/trac/wiki/DetNet.

[Docomo] Y. Shimazu, H. Ohyane, T. Watanabe, T. Yajima and S. Suwa: “LTE Base Station Equipment Usable with W-CDMA System,” NTT DOCOMO Technical Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp.20-25, June 2011. (https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/english/binary/pdf/corporate/technology/rd/technical_journal/bn/vol13_1/vol13_1_020en.pdf)

[ITU-R_F15] Report ITU-R M.2375-0, "Architecture and topology of IMT networks" Fig.15, p40, Oct.,2015

[ITU-R_F15] Report ITU-R M.2375-0, "Architecture and topology of IMT networks" Fig.16, p40, Oct.,2015

[MEF 22.1.1] MEF 22.1.1- Mobile Backhaul Implementation Agreement

[MIC] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "2011 WHITE PAPER on Information and Communications in Japan," Part 1, Section 1 page 1, http://www.soumu.go.jp/johotsusintokei/whitepaper/eng/WP2011/part1.pdf.[MSR] Mobile Society Research Institute, NTT DOCOMO, INC, “Disaster resistant information society”, NTT Publishing Co., Ltd., 2013 (in Japanese).

[NGMN] NGMN, "Next Generation Mobile Network 5G White Paper," Feb. 2015, https://www.ngmn.org/uploads/media/NGMN_5G_White_Paper_V1_0.pdf.

[CPRI]; Common public radio interface (CPRI)-interfaces specification.

[TSN] IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking Task Group, http://www.ieee802.org/1/pages/tsn.html.

[TTC] TTC white paper “white paper on Future Networking issue”, Apr., 2015

http://www.ttc.or.jp/e/topics/20150413/download/



3 Terminology Definitions

3.1 Backhaul refers to the network paths connecting the Base Station sites and the Network Controller/ Gateway sites.

    1. Fronthaul refers to the intra-base-station transport, in which a part of the BS function is separated to the remote antenna site. (Note that this definition is equivalent to the definition given in [MEF 22.1.1] for the current 4G technology.)

4 Abbreviations and acronyms


4G: 4th Generation (mobile system)

5G: 5th Generation (mobile system)


ADC: Analogue Digital Converter

a.k.a. : also known as

API: Application Programming Interface

AR: Augmented Reality


BBU: Base Band Unit

BDE: Base station Digital processing Equipment

BH: Backhaul

BRE: Base station Radio processing Equipment

BS: Base Station
C-RAN: Centralized Radio Access Network

CB: Coordinated Beam Forming

CoMP: Coordinated Multi-Point

CPRI: Common Public Radio Interface

CS: Coordinated Scheduling
DAC: Digital Analogue Converter

DBA: Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

DPS: Dynamic Point Selection

DSP: Digital Signal Processing


E2E: End to End

EVM: Error Vector Magnitude


FH: Fronthaul
IEEE: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

IETF: Internet Engineering Task Force

IMT: International Mobile Telecommunication

IoT: Internet of the Things

IoE: Internet of Everything

IP: Internet Protocol

ITU-T: International Telecommunications Union
JR: Joint Reception

JT: Joint Transmission


LH: Long Haul

LRE: Low-power Radio Equipment


M2M: Machine to Machine

MAC: Media Access Control

MAN: Metropolitan Area Network

MBH: Mobile Backhaul

MEF Metro Ethernet Forum

MFH: Mobile Fronthaul

MIMO: Multi-Input Multi-Output

MPLS: Multi-Protocol Label Switching

MVNO: Mobile Virtual Network Operator
NFV: Network Function Virtualization

NGFI: Next Generation Fronthaul Interface

NGMN: Next Generation Mobile Network
ODN: Optical Distributed Network

OFDMA: Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access

OAM: Operation and Management

OPEX: Operating Expense

OSU: Optical Subscribing Unit

OTN: Optical Transport Network

OTT: Over The Top
P2MP: Point to Multi-Point

PAM: Pulse-Amplitude Modulation

PDCP: Packet Data Convergence Protocol

PHY: Physical

PON: Passive Optical Network

ppb: parts per billion


QoS: Quality of Service

Qxx: Question xx (xx=number)


RAN: Radio Access Network

RAT Radio access technology

RF: Radio Frequency

RLC: Radio Link Control

RoF: Radio over Fiber

RRH: Remote Radio Head

RRU: Remote Radio Unit
SDN: Software Defined Networking

SGxx: Study Group xx (xx=number)

SP: Signal Processing

sup: Supplement


TDD: Time Division Duplex

TDM: Time Division Multiplexing de-multiplexing

TDMA: TDM Access

TRX: Transmitting Receiving Things

TSN: Time-Sensitive Networking
UE: User Equipment
VLAN: Virtual Local Area Network
WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing de-multiplexing

WG: Working Group

WiFi: Wireless Fidelity

5. Conventions

None



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