Interpretation: The plan action must be mandated by the resolution and no more – can only include development of ocean resources, space, and energy
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- Organochlorines Cause Severe Health Defects
- Organochlorines bad
- Organochlorines Affect Fetuses
- Salmon are a Keystone Species
- Salmon Turn- UQ
Case TurnsOrganochlorine Trun1NCAquacultures Release OrganochlorinesClements 13 (Jeff Clements, PhD in marine invertebrate ecology. University of New Brunswick (UNB). “A Problematic Solution: The Negative Effects Of Aquaculture” Urban Times. http://urbantimes.co/2011/08/a-problematic-solution-the-negative-effects-of-aquaculture/. May 2013.) Because of the material composition of the cages, many fish farms accrue high levels of heavy metals and toxins. For example, Hites et al. (2004) found high levels of organochlorine contaminants in salmon farms in Scotland, Norway, and eastern North America. They suggested that farmed fish from these areas should be consumed by humans no more than 3 – 6 times annually to avoid poisoning. Organochlorines Cause Severe Health DefectsPANNA 12 (Pesticide Action Network North America, “ Case Study: Organochlorine,” Chemical Burden, http://www.chemicalbodyburden.org/cs_organochl.htm#organochlor4, October 28, 2012) Organochlorines contribute to many acute and chronic illnesses. Symptoms of acute poisoning can include tremors, headache, dermal irritation, respiratory problems, dizziness, nausea, and seizures.¶ Organochlorines are also associated with many chronic diseases. Studies have found a correlation between organochlorine exposure and various types of cancer, neurological damage (several organochlorines are known neurotoxins), Parkinson's disease, birth defects, respiratory illness, and abnormal immune system function.¶ Many organochlorines are known or suspected hormone disruptors, and recent studies show that extremely low levels of exposure in the womb can cause irreversible damage to the reproductive and immune systems of the developing fetus. Organochlorines badOrganochlorines Affect FetusesWeltman 95 (Eric Weltman, M.A. in Urban & Environmental Policy from Tufts University, “Generations: Reproductive & Developmental Effects of Organochlorines,“ Green Party USA. http://www.greens.org/s-r/078/07-04.html. Summer 1995.) Organochlorines may also be a factor in decreased sperm count in humans. In 1977, male workers at an Occidental Chemical factory making the organochlorine pesticide dibromochloropropane (DBCP) noticed that none of their wives had had any children since the men had begun working with the chemical. Tests revealed that the majority of the men had zero or severely reduced sperm counts, but no other noticeable health effects. Men with low sperm counts have been found to have significantly higher concentrations of a number of organochlorines in their semen. Organochlorines Affect FetusesWeltman 95 (Eric Weltman, M.A. in Urban & Environmental Policy from Tufts University, “Generations: Reproductive & Developmental Effects of Organochlorines,“ Green Party USA. http://www.greens.org/s-r/078/07-04.html. Summer 1995.) Another study links organochlorines with developmental problems in human infants. The study followed women who, for at least six years preceding their pregnancy, ate 2 to 3 fish a month from Lake Michigan (which is heavily contaminated with organochlorines). Their offspring were found to have lower birth weight, smaller skull circumference and cognitive, motor, and behavioral deficits at birth compared with those whose mothers did not eat fish. Salmon TurnShellAquaculture leads to irreversible loss in Salmon Clements 13 (Jeff Clements, PhD in marine invertebrate ecology. University of New Brunswick (UNB). “A Problematic Solution: The Negative Effects Of Aquaculture” Urban Times. http://urbantimes.co/2011/08/a-problematic-solution-the-negative-effects-of-aquaculture/. May 2013.) Additionally, most fish species that are bred in captivity are carnivores. For example, the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is a carnivorous fish, meaning that it will only consume other fish and invertebrates. As such, when bred in captivity, the salmon are often fed ground-up fish or shrimp. Consequently, in order to sustain the 1 million tonnes of salmon that are produced annually via salmon aquaculture, many smaller species of fish and marine invertebrates are overfished. Although some farms have tried using fish and pig feed which is altered to taste like fish, this decreases the nutritional value of the salmon, particularly in Omega 3, and is rarely used in place of fish feed (Kadir-Alsagoff, 1990). This is purely inefficient and absurd; if we overfish the species that feed the farmed fish, we would not only be depleting natural fish stocks, but eventually we would deplete the farmed stocks as well, with no way to recover them. Salmon are a Keystone SpeciesWilson 14 (Mary F. Willson Emeritus Professor of Wildlife Ecology Ph.D, “Anadromous fish as a keystone species in vertebrate communities.” Conservation Biology 9(3):489-497. http://www.wildsalmoncenter.org/about/whySalmon.php. May 2014.) Salmon are the biological foundation, or keystone species, of coastal ecosystems and human economies. Salmon runs function as enormous pumps that push vast amounts of marine nutrients upstream to the headwaters of otherwise low productivity rivers. Salmon carcasses are the primary food for aquatic invertebrates and fish, as well as terrestrial fauna ranging from marine mammals to birds--eagles, ducks and songbirds--to terrestrial mammals, especially bears and humans. Salmon Turn- UQSalmon are Going extinct now because of AquaculturesGuitierez 8 (David Guitierez, Writer for Natural News, “Wild Salmon to be Extinct in 10 Years,” Natural News. http://www.naturalnews.com/023491_salmon_wild_fish.html. June 28, 2008) "The impact is so severe that the viability of the wild salmon populations is threatened," said lead researcher Martin Krkosek, from the University of Alberta. ¶ “The probability of extinction is 100 percent," Krkosek said, "and the only question is how long it is going to take."¶ Researchers compared the population numbers of different groups of salmon between 1970 and the present, depending on whether they had been exposed to aquaculture salmon farms or not. Using a computer model of population change over time, the researchers were able to show that exposure to fish farms was causing population growth of wild salmon to be "severely depressed."¶ Directory: file -> view view -> Western Europe after wwii view -> Author study: paul fleischman view -> Qpa1 7ela study Guide view -> Arctic Oil/Gas Neg view -> November 1970 Approximately 150,000-500,000 deaths Bhola Cyclone Bangladesh view -> Grade Level: 6 Unit of Study: Caribbean glce view -> Citation: Duffield, Katy view -> Table of Contents Lesson # view -> Chinese Wind Energy Disad Download 226.09 Kb. Share with your friends:
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