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Gas Export Terminals

EU is getting rid of reliance on US LNG – building tech for gas export terminals

CALGARY — GDF Suez UK, Europe’s biggest importer of liquefied natural gas, is assessing plans for a possible export terminal on Canada’s West Coast, the Financial Post has learned. Sinopec talks show Petronas’ LNG project in B.C. attracting increasing interest Asian buyers of liquefied natural gas are gravitating to a proposed Canadian export plant led by Malaysia’s Petronas as competition intensifies among proponents of the massive projects. Continue reading GDF told Canadian regulators this week it is examining the feasibility of a natural gas-export project on British Columbia’s northern coast, joining more than a dozen companies studying the region as a potential staging ground for shipments of the liquid fuel to higher-priced markets overseas. GDF is “talking to multiple companies” as it evaluates a possible entry point in Western Canada, said Irina George, whose LinkedIn profile describes her as vice-president, business development LNG at the company. Ms. George, who is identified in a regulatory filing, declined to describe her role with the company when reached by phone Wednesday. Representatives with GDF’s U.K. unit did not respond to several requests for comment. Separately, a GDF spokeswoman in Houston said the company’s Canadian affiliate is looking at opportunities to power the massive coastal plants, either directly or through BC Hydro, to bolster its portfolio of generation projects in Canada. Those plans are at a “very preliminary stage,” Julie Vitek said in an interview. The company’s Canadian unit operates wind and solar projects in several provinces, as well as a 112-megawatt gas-fired power plant in Windsor, Ont.

The EU is starting to take a lead in gas export terminals – South Hook proves

Total 14, Total: Committed to Better Energy, nearest date given is 2014, Total is a company committed to energy in the EU, “South hook, cutting-edge technology for a fast-growing lng market,” http://www.total.com/en/energies-expertise/oil-gas/trading-shipping/projects-achievements/south-hook-cutting-edge-technology-fast-growing-lng-market, NN

The Challenge: Securing Markets for Qatar's Production and Supplying Europe The liquefied natural gas, or LNG, industry transports natural gas by ship. Free of the geographical and geopolitical constraints of gas pipelines, it can match resources and local demand that are often located at great distances from one another. Liquefied for easy shipment, LNG has to be regasified at a facility close to consumer markets so that it can fed into the transmission network for delivery to end users. The South Hook regasification terminal is a key component of the world's first fully integrated LNG project, Qatargas 2, which includes: Natural gas liquefaction plants in Qatar. Purpose-designed LNG carriers to ship the LNG to the United Kingdom. The South Hook regasification terminal in Milford Haven, Wales to store, regasify and then distribute the gas to end consumers. South Hook guarantees both secure markets for Qatar's production and a secure natural gas supply for Europe, at a time when the North Sea gas reserves are beginning to dwindle. Technology: An Impressive Storage Capacity Built between 2004 and 2010, the South Hook terminal has a jetty and two berths large enough to accommodate the world's biggest LNG carriers (260,000 cubic meters). Able to regasify nearly 15.6 million tons of LNG and distribute 21 billion cubic meters of gas a year, South Hook is the biggest terminal in Europe. It has five storage tanks 40 meters high and 100 meters in diameter, each with a capacity of 155,000 cubic meters. Insulated by a double concrete containment, they are kept at a temperature of -160 °C to maintain the gas in a liquid state. In addition, 15 regasifiers reheat the LNG to return it to a gas, so that it can be piped to customers via the national transmission system. Uncompromising Safety and Environmental Standards The South Hook terminal's operator does everything possible to meet the highest safety standards and limit impacts on the environment and neighboring communities: Regulatory compliance. Application of and strict compliance with safety and environmental standards. Uncompromising implementation of safety procedures. Regular training in safety and environmental protection for employees. Selection and use of the most efficient equipment during the terminal's design and construction phases, per design and building codes. A large section of the land — over 100 acres — to the west of the terminal is allocated as a conservation area that forms part of the Pembrokeshire Coast National Park. Numerous marine life surveys have been conducted on and around the site and stringent measures have been taken to prevent spills. Working with the Local Community The South Hook terminal has created a hundred permanent jobs and acts as a catalyst for other businesses in the Pembrokeshire region to develop. It aims to develop and support the local community by investing in projects and initiatives that promote areas of safety, environment, education and wellbeing. In 2011, South Hook lent its support to over 170 local organizations from the local community. Partners: Total 8.35%; Qatar Petroleum 67.5%; ExxonMobil 24.15%. Volumes: 100 deliveries unloaded (10.4 million metric tons of LNG) and 157 terawatt-hours of gas distributed (about 13% of demand in the United Kingdom) in 2011. The South Hook terminal meets 20% of the demand for gas in the United Kingdom. Project cost: £1.097 billion.

The EU is pursuing leadership of LNG terminals

Schuppe 13, Thomas Elmar Schuppe, 11/19/13, Schuppe is a staff writer for the Observer Research Foundation, “Flexibility turns out to be trump in stumbling European LNG market,” http://www.orfonline.org/cms/sites/orfonline/modules/enm-analysis/ENM-ANALYSISDetail.html?cmaid=59861&mmacmaid=59862, NN

The European gas industry has traditionally been characterised by international gas trade based on long-term (pipeline) import contracts. Nevertheless, with the first unload of an LNG cargo about 25 years ago the upcoming LNG technology has opened a new opportunity in terms of supply diversification and flexibility as well as potential gap filler for the continuously dwindling indigenous gas production. However, indigenous production remained still the largest gas source for EU27 with about one third of the total net gas supplies in 2012. Besides pipeline supply from outside the EU (particularly from Russia, Norway and Algeria) about ten countries delivered the balance of more than 10% as LNG. In 2012 Qatar has been by far the largest source of LNG for Europe (mainly via long-term contracts into UK). Substantial LNG supply has also arrived from African as well as South-American countries and Norway’s Snovhit field, too (see Graph 2). More than one fifth of the total global LNG regasification capacity is located on 21 sites in Europe. Spain and UK are the most important LNG players in Europe with a combined share of almost 60% of Europe’s total LNG regasification capacity (see Graph 1).1 After the second consecutive year of European gas demand destruction (down 10% from 2010 to 2012), the region’s future gas demand prospects seems to remain more unreliable than ever. In any case the need for gas imports will increase more strongly due to broadly falling production across the continent (e.g. the IEA expects the EU’s gas import requirement to increase by about 140 bcm until 2035).2 LNG imports are expected to reduce the EU’s dependence on pipeline imports, diversify the sources of its gas supplies and provide furthermore (arbitrage) opportunities from switching between LNG and pipe supplies. By all means Europe’s current import capacity is largely sufficient to meet growing midterm import needs as non-OECD Europe had a total import capacity of 550 bcm per year (thereof about one third can be attributed to regasification terminals). According to the IEA the global LNG trade has slightly declined in 2012 for the first time since 2008. Indeed Europe’s LNG imports are in a downward trend since the second quarter of 2011: they went down by a third from 2011 to 2012 and even the first four months of 2013 saw a drop of another third relative to the same period in 2012 (Graph 2).3 The absolute LNG import volumes went down by more than half compared to the peak in early 2011 (and fall even below the 2009 level). UK’s LNG importers’ have lost more than two thirds of their LNG import volumes since the peak in 2011. As of 2012, the world’s average utilisation rate of regasification terminals was as low as 36%.4 Confronted with lower import volumes numerous European LNG players are more and more economically pressured while the utilisation rate is dropping further on: by about half since 2011 and almost down to poor 20% in mid 2013, with Spain and UK being actually even below the European average (see Graph 3).5 On the one hand the sluggish European LNG imports can be partly attributed to the (contractual and logistical) opportunity to optimize procurement depending on the relative pricing terms of either LNG or pipe gas. On the other hand a rising number of European LNG importers are actively seeking to take advantage of emerging arbitrage opportunities by turning their LNG facilities in a newly experienced export mode due to the drastic demand drop and constantly higher priced Asian LNG markets at the same time. However, due to contractual obligations they cannot advantageously divert the cargos directly towards new harbours but have to unload the LNG carriers at the originally planned destination harbour before re-exporting them. Data from IEA show that re-export volumes from Belgium and Spain have more than tripled between 2011 and 2012.6 Data for 2013 confirm this trend, e.g. Belgium has reloaded about the half of its imports this year so far. In total almost half of all working LNG terminals have been involved in re-exporting so far, which sums up to about 10% of EU gross LNG imports volumes (6% in 2012).7

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