Introduction to Human General Embryology Developmental Genetics



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Summary Notes in Gen Embryology
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Endometriosis

  • Occurs when the uterine tissue implants and grows outside of the uterus, affecting the function of the ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes.

  • Scar tissue can block the fallopian tubes and prevent the egg from entering the uterus.

  • There is a 25-35% rate of infertility in moderate to severe cases of Endometriosis



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Pelvic Inflammatory Disease






  • Endometritis (Inflammation of the endometrium). , salpingitis (Inflammation of the uterine tube). , tuboovarian abscess (A large abscess involving a uterine tube and an adherent ovary, resulting from extension of purulent inflammation of the tube.), and peritonitis (Inflammation of the peritoneum .)




  • Infection of the uterus (womb), fallopian tubes (tubes that carry eggs from the ovaries to the uterus) and other reproductive organs. It is a common and serious complication of some sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), especially chlamydia and gonorrhea. PID can damage the fallopian tubes and tissues in and near the uterus and ovaries. Untreated PID can lead to serious consequences including infertility, ectopic pregnancy (a pregnancy in the fallopian tube or elsewhere outside of the womb), abscess formation, and chronic pelvic pain.



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Uterine Fibroids and Pelvic Adhesions



  • Fibroids are benign tumors in the wall of the uterus

  • May cause infertility by blocking the fallopian tubes

  • Pelvic adhesions are bands of scar tissue that bind organs after pelvic infection, appendicitis, or abdominal or pelvic surgery

  • This scar tissue formation may impair fertility.


Ovarian failure



  • Ovarian failure can be a consequence of medical treatments, or the complete failure of the ovaries to develop or contain eggs in the first place (Turner's syndrome).




  • Ovarian failure can also occur as a result of treatments such as chemotherapy and pelvic radiotherapy for cancers in other body areas. These therapies destroy eggs in the ovary.



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